Steve Sawyer (onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi)
Stephen Gregory Sawyer (July 10, 1956 - July 31, 2019) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-eme ihe ike. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndú nke Greenpeace ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ irí atọ, gụnyere afọ iri abụọ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa.[1] Mgbe ọ nọ n'ọrụ ịkwụsị nnwale nuklia nke France na French Polynesia, ọ lanarịrị bọmbụ France tụrụ ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior, nke mere n'ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri abụọ na itoolu.
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| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| aha enyere | Steve |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 10 Julaị 1956 |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 31 Julaị 2019 |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | kansa ngụgụ |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | environmentalist |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Haverford College, ConVal Regional High School |
Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Greenpeace, o sonyere na nguzobe nke Global Wind Energy Council na 2007 iji kwalite ike ifufe, ma duzie nzukọ ahụ ruo afọ iri.
Mmalite ndụ
dezieA mụrụ Sawyer na July 10, 1956, na Boston, Massachusetts. Nne ya, Frances (Wheeler) Sawyer, bụ onye nkuzi piano, nna ya, Winslow Allen Sawyer, onye injinia.[2][3] Ọ tolitere na Antrim, New Hampshire, ebe ọ mụtara otu esi eme ụgbọ mmiri na Gregg Lake.[3] Ọ bụ onye otu klas mbụ na ConVal Regional High School, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1974.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Haverford College na 1978 na B.A. na nkà ihe ọmụma, Sawyer ejighị n'aka ihe ọ ga-eme ọzọ ma soro ndị enyi ya biri na Boston dị ka onye hippie.[1] Mgbe onye na-ahụ maka Greenpeace chọrọ onyinye n'aka ya, o kpebiri isonyere nzukọ ndị na-ahụ Maka gburugburu ebe obibi, n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na ọ hụrụ echiche nke ịrụ ọrụ n'oké osimiri n'anya.[2][3]
Rainbow Warrior
dezie
Sawyer duziri nrụzigharị nke ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ Greenpeace nwetara Rainbow Warrior wee sonye na ndị ọrụ ya na 1980 iji gaa njem mkpesa.[3] N'afọ 1985, Rainbow Warrior ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'Oké Osimiri Pacific na ọrụ abụọ iji kpọga ndị bi na Rongelap Atoll na Marshall Islands ("Operation Exodus"), na ịkwụsị nnwale nuklia nke France na Moruroa Atoll na French Polynesia.[2][3][4]
N'afọ ndị 1950, United States nwalere bọmbụ hydrogen na nso Rongelap. A chụpụrụ ndị bi na atoll na 1954 ma lọta mgbe e kwupụtachara na ọ dị nchebe na 1957. Ha mechara nweta ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike siri ike, gụnyere nkwarụ ọmụmụ, ọrịa thyroid na ọrịa cancer, ma gọọmentị US gọnarịrị njikọ dị n'etiti redioactivity na nsogbu ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ. ma jụ ịchụpụ ha ọzọ..[2] N'ime ụbọchị iri, Sawyer duuru ndị ọrụ Rainbow Warrior iri na abụọ kwaga ndị bi na Rongelap 300 gaa Mejato Island, ihe dị ka 100 kilomita (160), yana ihe karịrị 100 tọn anụ ụlọ na ihe owuwu.[2][3] Ọ bụ nnukwu ọrụ enyemaka mbụ nke Greenpeace, nke na-etinye aka na ngagharị iwe, na nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka obere ndị ọrụ nke Rainbow Warrior.[2][3]
Bọmbụ nke Rainbow Warrior
dezie
Mgbe o mechara Operation Exodus, Rainbow Warrior ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa Auckland, New Zealand, na-aga French Polynesia iji kwụsị ule nuklia French. Na Julaị 10, 1985, mgbe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nọ n'ikpere mmiri na-eme ememe ncheta ọmụmụ Sawyer nke 29, bọmbụ gbawara n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.. Mgbe onye na-ese foto Fernando Pereira laghachiri n'ụgbọ iji weghachite ngwá ọrụ ya, bọmbụ nke abụọ gbawara, na-emikpu ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma gbuo Pereira.[2][3]
Bọmbụ ahụ mere ka mba ụwa mee mkpesa, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, a chọpụtara na ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke France kụrụ bọmbụ ahụ, abụọ n'ime ha bụ ndị ndị ndị ọchịchị New Zealand jidere ma maa ha ikpe ịga mkpọrọ.[3] Otu n'ime ndị na-atụ bọmbụ gara oriri Sawyer ma chọọ ya ụbọchị ọmụmụ obi ụtọ.[4] Gọọmentị France, nke ihe ihere ahụ mebiri, kwetara na ha mere ihe ọjọọ ma mesịa kwụọ Greenpeace US $ 8 nde na mmebi.[2][3]
Ndị ndu nke Greenpeace
dezieỌchịchị Sawyer na Rainbow Warrior mission masịrị ndị ọrụ ibe ya, ọ ghọkwara onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace USA na 1986. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, a họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nke Greenpeace International wee kwaga Amsterdam, isi ụlọ ọrụ nke nzukọ ahụ..[2][3]
N'okpuru idu ndú ya, Greenpeace nwetara ụfọdụ n'ime mmeri ya kachasị ukwuu, gụnyere nkwekọrịta 1991 nke machibidoro nchọpụta mmanụ na gas na Antarctica ruo ọkara narị afọ; Montreal Protocol iji kpochapụ kemịkal ndị na-akpata mmebi nke ozone; na nkwekọrịta nke machibidolo ịtụfu ihe mkpofu nuklia n'oké osimiri.[2][4] Nnupụisi na-aga n'ihu nke obere ụgbọ mmiri nke Greenpeace mechara mee ka France hapụ nnwale nuklia ya na Polynesia, na United States na Alaska.[4] Sawyer mechara gbanwee uche Greenpeace na-alụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na ịkwalite ike na-agbanwe agbanwe.[3]
Kansụl Ike Ifufe Ụwa
dezieN'afọ 2007, Sawyer hapụrụ Greenpeace wee mebere Global Wind Energy Council, nke dabeere na Brussels, iji kwalite ike ikuku. Ọ duru nzukọ a afọ iri sochirinụ, ma nye aka wulite ụlọ ọrụ ike ikuku n'ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere China..[2][3]
Ndụ onwe
dezieSawyer lụrụ Kelly Rigg, onye bụkwa onye na-agba mbọ Greenpeace, n'afọ 1988. Ha nwere nwa nwanyị, Layla, na nwa nwoke, Sam.[2]
A chọpụtara na Sawyer nwere ọrịa kansa akpa ume n'ọnwa Eprel 2019. Ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 31 na Amsterdam site na oyi bara ya n'ahụ nke ọrịa kansa kpatara, mgbe ọ dị afọ 63.[2]
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fitzgerald (July 31, 2019). Steve Sawyer, 1956-2019 (en-US). Greenpeace International. Retrieved on September 6, 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 Seelye. "Steve Sawyer, Greenpeace Activist and Leader, Dies at 63", The New York Times, August 7, 2019. Retrieved on September 5, 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Schudel. "Steve Sawyer, Greenpeace leader who escaped 1985 sabotage bombing, dies at 63", The Washington Post, August 8, 2019. Retrieved on September 5, 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Obituary: Steve Sawyer died on July 31st", The Economist, August 22, 2019. Retrieved on September 6, 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content