Spazzacamini

Spazzacamini ( Italian for chimney sweep ) bụ okwu maka na-arụ ọrụ na ike afụ nke 19 na 20 Italy na Switzerland, bụ ebe a na-akpọkwa ha Kaminfegerkinder na mpaghara ndị na-asụ German .

Spazzacamino (otu), njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19, Museo Sonogno

Spazzacamini (ọtụtụ) na Milano, njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19, Museo Sonogno

Akụkọ na mmalite

Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwoke ndị ahụ, na-elu ndị dị afọ 8 ruo 12, si na Canton nke Ticino, bụ ndị na-ekpocha ọkụ padroni ha na-achọsi ike n'ihi na ha dị obere ma dị gịrịgịrị ma nwee ike ike.  ịrịgo chaimni dị warara na ikpo ha.  Mgbe ụmụ okoro ahụ rutere n'elu ụlọ ọkụ, ha ga-eti mkpu " Spazzacamini! " iji gosi na ha arrịgoro n'Ịdịrị, ọkụ ọkụ juru.  ọnọdụ ọrụ dị njọ.  Maka nri ehihie, ekiri enwekarị ihe ha ga-eri, ha na-agakwa na- badbaadada, ha na-ehikwa n’anụ anụ ọtụtụ mgbe.  A na-ewe ụmụ okoro ahụ n'oge oyi, n'ihi ya, na-egosi dị na nọmba Ticino mepere emepe nke ọma, a onyinye inye nri otu ọnụ.  N'oge ahụ, ogbenye na agụụ na-agbasa ebe nile na Ticino n'ime ụnwanyi oyi.  Ọtụtụ oge si na Valle Verzasca, Cento Valli nakwa site na egwu Val Vigezzo nke Italy, [1] na-arụkwa ọrụ ugboro ugboro na ugwu Italy.

Na omenala

. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ọ blea na Vigezzo chimni na-ekpochapụ si n'ụdị ụwa niile na-ezukọ maka ebe nchekwa na-ekpo ekpo ọkụ.  [1] akwụkwọ Die schwarzen Brüder (ụmụnna ojii) bụ nke mbụ e na-abụ na 1940–41.  Akụkọ Giorgio, obere nwa nwoke sitere na Sonogno na National Verzasca nke mee ihe dị ka Kaminfegerjunge, fa na eziokwu.  Lisa Tetzner agụwo n'ihe mere eme oge ochie ochie ihe ga-eme ụmụntakịrị ndị dị otú ahụ bụ́ ndị si Ndagwurugwu Verzasca na ndịozi ndị ọzọ nke Ticino.  Akwụkwọ a na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri nkiri, egwu egwu na egwu redio dabere na akwụkwọ ahụ, yana karba njem njem na-amalite na Sonogno na onye Verzasca

Akwụkwọ

• Elisabeth Wenger: Als lebender Besen im Kamin: Einer vergessenen Vergangenheit auf der Spur. Akwụkwọ na-achọ, 2010.
• Lisa Tetzner na Kurt Kläber: Die Schwarzen Brüder. Erlebnisse na Abenteuer eines kleinen Tessiners . Nke mbụ e bipụtara na 1940–41, Sauerländer, Aarau/Mannheim 2010,  .
• Lisa Tetzner na Hannes Binder (ihe atụ): Die Schwarzen Brüder – Roman na Bildern . Patmos Verlagshaus, Düsseldorf 2002,  .

Hụkwa

• Ọrụ ụmụaka na Switzerland
• anwụ Schwarzen Brüder
• Kinder der Landstrasse
• Verdingkinder
• Wiedergutmachungsinitiative

Ntụaka

• Thomas Gull: Kinderarbeit in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 13 October 2008.
• Museo dello Spazzacamino in Vigezzo (in Italian)