Wikipedia

Shweshwe

Shweshwe ( / ˈʃ w ɛ ʃ w ɛ / ) [1] bụ akwa owu sijiri ebi ebi nke a na-ejikarị eme uwe ọdịnala ndịda Africa . [2] [3] Na mbụ a na-esiji indigo, a na-emepụta ákwà ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche na agba na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-eji usoro geometric dị mgbagwoju anya. [4] [5] [6] N'ihi ewu ewu ya, a kọwawo shweswe dị ka denim, [6] ma ọ bụ tartan, nke South Africa. [7]

Nwanyị Sotho yi uwe shweshwe agba aja aja
Shweshwe
Ákwà akwa
mba/obodoSouth Africa Dezie

Aha

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Ụmụ nwanyị Xhosa yi uwe ọdịnala na-eyi akwa indigo shweshwe
 
Nwanyị Xhosa nke yi ịchafụ isi mere si indigo shweswe (n'aka nri)

Aha obodo shweswe sitere na mmekorita nke akwa na eze Lesotho nke Moshoeshoe I, [8] [9] spekwara "Moshweshwe". Ndị ozi ala ọzọ France nyere Moshoeshoe M onyinye nke akwa akwa na 1840s wee mechaa gbasaa ya. [8] [10] [11]

A makwaara ya dị ka sejeremane ma ọ bụ seshoeshoe na Sotho yana terantala (nke sitere na Afrikaans tarentaal ), [10] na ujamani na Xhosa, mgbe narị afọ nke 19 ndị Germany na ndị Switzerland butere ákwà blaudruck ("acha anụnụ anụnụ") maka uwe ha. ma nyere aka tinye ya na South Africa na omenala Basotho. [6] [8] [11] [12] [13]

Na-eji

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A na-eji Shweswe eme uwe, uwe mwụda, uwe mwụda na uwe mwụda. Ndị inyom Xhosa lụrụ ọhụrụ, nke a maara dị ka makoti, na-eyi uwe Shweswe na ndị inyom Sotho lụrụ. [9] [10] [14] [15] Ụmụ nwanyị Xhosa etinyekwala akwa ahụ n'ime uwe mgbokwasị ha nwere agba agba ocher . [7] [16] Wezụga ejiji ọdịnala, a na-eji shweswe na ụdị ejiji South Africa nke oge a maka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị nwoke sitere n'agbụrụ niile, [5] [9] [12] yana maka ime ngwa na ihe mkpuchi. [17] A na-ejikwa ya na United States dịka akwa akwa akwa . [4] [18]

Mmepụta

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Chocolate aja aja shweshwe

A na-eji usoro mwepu acid na usoro mbipụta akwụkwọ a rụpụtara Shweswe na calico owu dị ọcha. [4] [5] [9] [19] A na-ebipụta ya na obosara nke 90 cm, n'ụdị niile na akụkụ sketị A-dị ka ebipụtara n'akụkụ n'akụkụ. A na-emepụta akwa ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere indigo mbụ, chocolate brown na red, n'ụdị dị iche iche nke gụnyere floral, ọnyá, na diamond, square na okirikiri geometric. [7] [11] A na-eji picottage eme ihe dị mgbagwoju anya, usoro ntinye akwa na-emepụta ihe na -adịghị ejikarị eme ihe nke ndị na-emepụta akwa oge a n'ihi mgbagwoju anya na mmefu ya, ọ bụ ezie na ejirila usoro obibi akwụkwọ nke oge a sụgharịa mmetụta ndị ahụ. [4]

Ebubata ya na South Africa site na Europe na mbụ, ndị Da Gama Textiles rụrụ akwa ahụ nwere akara azụmaahịa dị na obodo Zwelitsha na mpụga obodo King William na Eastern Cape kemgbe 1982. [8] [9] [10] [11] Na 1992, Da Gama Textiles zụtara naanị ikike nke nwamba atọ, ụdị kachasị ewu ewu nke akwa nke Spruce Manufacturing Co. Ltd mere na Manchester, na ndị mbụ a kanyere ọla kọpa na-ebuga na South Africa. [16] [20] Da Gama Textiles emela shweswe site n'owu e si na Zimbabwe bubata ma na-eto na mpaghara ya na Eastern Cape. [14] [18]

Ụlọ ọrụ akwa mpaghara, gụnyere mmepụta shweswe nke Da Gama Textiles, atụwo egwu site na asọmpi sitere na nṅomi dị ala dị ọnụ ala nke emere na mpaghara yana ebubata na China na Pakistan . [9] [11] [14] [21] Enwere ike ịmata ezigbo ngwaahịa ahụ site na mmetụta, isi, ụtọ, ụda, agba siri ike site na ịcha akwa na akara ụghalaahịa n'akụkụ azụ nke akwa ahụ, dị obere karịa nkezi 90. obosara akwa cm na isi ike nke akwa ọhụrụ sitere na starching ọdịnala nke na-asachapụ. [4] [5] [6] [12] Dị ka ọ dị na Nọvemba 2013, mmepụta shweshwe site na Da Gama Textiles belatara ruo nde mita ise kwa afọ. [6]

Na omenala ewu ewu

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  • Jill Scott, onye gosipụtara isi agwa Mma Precious Ramotswe na nsonso TV nke Ladies' Detective Agency No. 1, yi uwe ndị si na shweswe mere maka mmepụta. [2] [22]

Hụkwa

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Ntụaka

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yana terantala (nke sitere na Afrikaans tarentaal ), na ujamani na Xhosa, mgbe narị afọ nke 19 ndị Germany na ndị Switzerland butere ákwà blaudruck ("acha anụnụ anụnụyana terantala (nke sitere na Afrikaans tarentaal ), [23] na ujamani na Xhosa, mgbe narị afọ nke 19 ndị Germany na ndị Switzerland butere ákwà blaudruck ("acha anụnụ anụnụ

  1. ↑ shwe-shwe or shweshwe. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved on 30 January 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rochlin. "Jo Katsaras: 'No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'", New York Times, 5 June 2009. “But Ms. Katsaras always keeps the series's central character, the private investigator Precious Ramotswe (Jill Scott, above), the focus of attention with colorful dresses and head scarves made of shweshwe, the traditional South African fabric known for its pulsating motifs.”Rochlin, Margy (5 June 2009). "Jo Katsaras: 'No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'". New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 January 2014. But Ms. Katsaras always keeps the series's central character, the private investigator Precious Ramotswe (Jill Scott, above), the focus of attention with colorful dresses and head scarves made of shweshwe, the traditional South African fabric known for its pulsating motifs. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Rochlin" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Grange. "Stylish isishweshwe? Check", The Star, 4 May 2011. Retrieved on 24 January 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 deVillemarette (July–August 2010). "Shweshwe: A True Blue Passion". The Country Register of Tennessee & Kentucky. deVillemarette, Cynthia (July–August 2010). "Shweshwe: A True Blue Passion". The Country Register of Tennessee & Kentucky. The designs are created using a discharge process, unlike modern printed fabrics where color is added to the surface. With Shweshwe, the cotton cloth is first entirely dyed, thoroughly penetrating the fiber. Then, the cloth is passed through copper design rollers, which emit a mild acid solution, removing color with pinpoint accuracy. One of the characteristics of Shweshwe is the intense use of picotage, tiny pin dots that create not only the designs, but also texture and depth. It is because of the difficulty and expense in creating these designs that they fell out of favor with American and European manufacturers, who chose instead to move to printing processes. Da Gama Textiles of South Africa is the only known manufacturer of fabrics still using the discharge process ... The reverse side of the fabric will be a solid color because it was dyed. Da Gama also prints its seal on the back to help you identify it. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "deVillemarette" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Rovine (2012). "Handmade textiles: global markets and authenticity", in Dudley: Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things. Oxon: Routledge, 276–277. ISBN 9781135721473. Rovine, Victoria L. (2012). "Handmade textiles: global markets and authenticity". In Dudley, Sandra H. (ed.). Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 276–277. ISBN 9781135721473. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Rovine" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Davie (18 November 2013). Shweshwe, the denim of South Africa. Media Club South Africa. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved on 20 January 2014.Davie, Lucille (18 November 2013). "Shweshwe, the denim of South Africa". Media Club South Africa. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Davie" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "A stylish ode to Mama Afrika", The Star, 27 September 2011. Retrieved on 21 January 2014."A stylish ode to Mama Afrika". The Star. 27 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MamaAfrika" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Kuper. "London shows material interest in Africa's old clothes", Mail & Guardian, 19 April 2013. Retrieved on 20 January 2014.Kuper, Jeremy (19 April 2013). "London shows material interest in Africa's old clothes". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Kuper" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Holmes. "The fabric of society needs underpinning", Mail & Guardian, 22 November 2013. Retrieved on 20 January 2014.Holmes, Thalia (22 November 2013). "The fabric of society needs underpinning". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Holmes" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Futhwa (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa, 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952. Futhwa, Fezekile (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa. pp. 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Futhwa" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Joyce. "Swish shweshwe!", Daily News, 14 October 2013. Retrieved on 20 January 2014.Joyce, Liam (14 October 2013). "Swish shweshwe!". Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Joyce" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 The Isishweshwe Story: Material Women?. Iziko Museums (23 February 2013). Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved on 22 January 2014."The Isishweshwe Story: Material Women?". Iziko Museums. 23 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Iziko" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ Pheto-Moeti (2017). "Perceptions of Seshoeshoe fabric, naming and meanings of motifs on fabric". Journal of Consumer Sciences 2 (2017): 24–39. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Miti. "Textile sector threat to fabric of society", Daily Dispatch, 11 May 2013. Retrieved on 20 January 2014.Miti, Siya (11 May 2013). "Textile sector threat to fabric of society". Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Miti" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ Event – Material women? The shweshwe story. Iziko Museums. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved on 20 January 2014.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bryant (June 2012). "Transplanted Culture Through Trade". Cape Crafts & Design Institute: 21–22. Retrieved on 20 January 2014. Bryant, Judy (June 2012). "Transplanted Culture Through Trade" (PDF). Cape Crafts & Design Institute: 21–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bryant" defined multiple times with different content
  17. ↑ Lewis. "IsiShweshwe: cut from a different cloth", Cape Argus, 28 March 2013. Retrieved on 22 January 2014.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Fulton (23 November 2006). Cottoning on to Shweshwe chic. South Africa.info. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 23 January 2014.Fulton, Claire (23 November 2006). "Cottoning on to Shweshwe chic". South Africa.info. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Fulton" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ Home Sewing. Da Gama Textiles. Retrieved on 22 January 2014. “Some of our recognised brands include ... The Original Shweshwe ethnic printed 3 CATS, 3 LEOPARDS, TOTO and FANCY PRINTS, which are acid discharge prints on cotton calico.”
  20. ↑ History of Shweshwe. Da Gama Textiles. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved on 21 January 2014.
  21. ↑ Sparg. "Fabric firm wins with a focus on local flair", Business Report, 15 January 2012. Retrieved on 21 January 2014.
  22. ↑ Barbieri (3 April 2008). All shapes and sizes. New Statesman. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved on 24 January 2014.
  23. ↑ Futhwa (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa, 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952. 

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