Robert Charles Bates
Robert Charles Bates (January 27, 1869 - Mee 2, 1950), [1] bụ onye America na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye nkuzi na onye ode akwụkwọ. [2] [3] Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America ma nyere aka chepụta na wuo ọtụtụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Claflin, mahadum ojii na-ahụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme (HBU) na South Carolina. [2] [4] [5] A na-eche na ọ bụ onye nkuzi ojii mbụ nke ụlọ na HBU; na onye mbụ African American odee nke akwụkwọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ. [6] [7]
Robert Charles Bates | |
|---|---|
| Born |
27 Jenụwarị 1869 Columbia, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | Mee 2, 1950 (aged 81) Spencer, New York, U.S. |
| Other names | R. Charles Bates, Robert C. Bates |
| Occupation | Architect, educator |
| Known for | Design of early campus buildings at Claflin University, possibly the first Black teacher of architecture at a HBU, possibly the first African-American architecture textbook author |
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Robert |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Bates |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Columbia |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, textbook writer, onye nkuzi |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Akụkọ ndụ
dezieA mụrụ Robert Charles Bates na Jenụwarị 27, 1869, na Columbia, South Carolina, ebe nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo. [1] A na-eche na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nzikọrịta ozi n'ihe osise (ikekwe site na Scranton Correspondence School na Scranton, Pennsylvania). [1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Normal University nke Clafin ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi, mana ọ dị mkpụmkpụ afọ abụọ site na ngụsị akwụkwọ. </link>[ <span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">mgbe ole?</span> ] [1]
Na mgbanwe nke ihe omume na n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nlekọta nke ọzụzụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na Mahadum Claflin, nke Freedmen's Aid Society na Southern Education Society kpebiri. </link>[ <span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">mgbe ole?</span> ] [1] Ka ọ na-erule ọdịda nke 1890, Bates nọ na-akụzi ịse ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Claflin, a kwenyere na ọ bụ onye nkụzi ojii mbụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na HBU. [1] [8] [7] Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dabere na nkuzi klaasị ya, n'agbanyeghị na edeghị ya nke ọma, ọ nwere ike ịbụ akwụkwọ ihe owuwu mbụ nke onye Africa America dere. [1] [6]
Site na 1897 ruo 1900, Bates kwagara Upstate New York iji kuzie ihe osise na Elmira Reformatory . [1] Ndị na-esochi ya site n'ịkụzi azụmaahịa aka aka na Jacob Tome Institution maka ndị oji na-eto eto na ụmụ mgbei na Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland. [1] [9]
Amabeghị ọtụtụ nkọwa gbasara ndụ Bate. [1] Agụnyere profaịlụ Bates na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ndị Africa American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865–1945 (2004).
Bates nwụrụ na Spencer, New York, na Mee 2, 1950, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81. [10]
Mbipụta
dezie- Bates (1892). The Elementary Principles of Architecture and Building. Boston, MA: Press of Geo. H. Ellis.
Na-arụ ọrụ
dezie- T. Willard Lewis Chapel (1890) na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina [1]
- Fisk Building (isi ụlọ, 1899) ụlọ elu ugwu na ndịda na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina (ọkụ bibiri na 1913) [1] [2] [11] [12]
- Fisk Building (isi ụlọ, 1900) mgbakwunye klaasị na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina (ọkụ bibiri na 1913) [1]
- Ụlọ nkuzi nkuzi John F. Slater na Mahadum Claflin, Orangeburg, South Carolina [1]
Hụkwa
dezie- African-American architects
- Robert Robinson Taylor, onye nkuzi ojii mbụ nke ụlọ na HBU
- William Wilson Cooke, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke America na Claflin
Ntụaka
deziegara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na mmemme mgbatị ahụ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Otis Art Institute, Los Angeles City College, na Los Angeles Trade-Technical College . [13] Bankhead gbalịrị ịrụ ọrụ na
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Wilson (March 2004). "Robert Charles Bates", African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge, 38–40. ISBN 978-1-135-95629-5. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "AA Architects" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Vintage Orangeburg/Day 34: Claflin established by state charter to assist freed slaves (en). The Times and Democrat (December 10, 2014). Retrieved on 2023-03-03. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Wilkins (2016-03-10). Diversity Among Architects: From Margin to Center (in en). Routledge, 120. ISBN 978-1-317-47927-7.
- ↑ Claflin University (1869- ) (en-US). BlackPast.org (2010-07-06). Retrieved on 2023-03-03.
- ↑ "Exhibition celebrates Claflin's 125th anniversary", The Times and Democrat, 1994-09-16, pp. 1. Retrieved on 2023-03-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bell (2014-08-01). Space Unveiled: Invisible Cultures in the Design Studio (in en). Routledge, 18. ISBN 978-1-317-65911-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Weiss (2012-01-01). Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington (in en). NewSouth Books, 48–49. ISBN 978-1-58838-248-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Suggs. "A dozen things you need to know about Claflin University", The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved on 2023-03-03. (in English)
- ↑ "Succeeds Dr. F. R. Lane", The Baltimore Sun, 1908-12-14, pp. 10. Retrieved on 2023-03-03.
- ↑ "Professor Bates dies in Spencer", The Ithaca Journal, 2 May 1950. Retrieved on 15 August 2023.
- ↑ Brooks (2011-09-30). Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Encyclopedia (in en). ABC-CLIO, 52. ISBN 978-0-313-39415-7.
- ↑ Hill (2013). African Americans of Orangeburg County (in en). Arcadia Publishing, 24. ISBN 978-0-7385-9880-2.
- ↑ Wilson (2004-03-01). African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 (in en). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-95628-8.