Rammellzee

mmádu
ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	Njikota Obodo Amerika
aha enyere	Stephen
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	15 Disemba 1960
Ebe ọmụmụ	Queens
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	27 Jụn 2010
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	New York City
Ebe ọrụ	New York City
oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)	1977
agbụrụ	Ndi Afrika nke Amerika
webụsaịtị	http://www.gothicfuturism.com/
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta	National Gallery of Art, Museum of Modern Art, Groninger Museum
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike	Ọrụ nwebiisinka chekwara, Ọrụ nwebiisinka chekwara

Rammellzee (nke a na-akpọ RAMM:ΣLL:ZΣ, nke a na-asụ "Ram: Ell: Zee"; ubochí irí na isé n'ọnwa Disemba, 1960 rụọ úbọchị iri abụo na asatọ n'ọnwa Juun, 2010) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na'ese ihe, ihe osise, onye na ónyé na-eti egwu hip hop si New York City, ónyé a kpọtụrụ aha dị ka "ihe eji eme ihe n'ịbata ihe ndị avant-garde n'ime omenala hip-hop".^[1]^[2]^[3] Kemgbe 2021, ọrụ Rammellzee bụ naanị Jeffrey Deitch na-anọchite anya ya.

Oge ọ malitere

Faịlụ:Rammellzee Wildstyle Graffiti Tag.jpg

Ihe e ji mara "ụdị ọhịa" Rammellzee akara aka

A mụrụ Rammellzee na úbọchị irí nà isé n'ọnwa Disemba, 1960 na Far Rockaway, Queens n'aka nné Africa-America na nnà Italian nke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé nchọpụta njem.^[4] Ọ tolitere na Carlton Manor Projects dị nso na Far RockawayáMott Avenue A ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.^[5]^[6] Ọrụ ya malitere igosi na 1970s na ụgbọ ala na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko nkè New York City, ọkachasị na ụgbọ oloko A ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ụgbọ oloko ya.^[6]

Rammellzee gụrụ ọgwụ ezé na Clara Barton High School for Health Professions, ọ bụ ihe nlereanya màkà Wilhelmina (n'okpuru aha Mcrammellzee), ma mụọ obéré ógè màkà imepụta ọla na Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT).^[7]^[8]

Ọrụ

N'ịbụ onye ndị na-ege ntị ka ukwuu chọpụtara site na ihe nkiri ofufe nke 1982 Wild Style nke Charlie Ahearn, e guzobere aha mbụ Rammellzee na gburugburu graffiti mgbe ọ na-ese ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụgbọ okporo ígwè New York na DONDI, OU3, na Ink 76, na dọkịta Revolt n'okpuru aha ya Hyte, Hytestyr, EG (Evolution Griller the Master Killer), Sharissk Boo, Razz, na Maestro na A, CC, 2 na 5 ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.^[1] Rammellzee bụ onye otu Death Comet Crew, ya na Stuart Argabright, Michael Diekmann na Shinichi Shimokawa.^[9] O guzobekwara ndị otu Tag Master Killers, nke nwere A-One, Delta2, Kool Koor na Toxic.^[10]

Rammellzee ghọrọ enyi na onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye na'ese ihe Jean-Michel Basquiat. N'afọ 1982, Rammellzee na Toxic sonyeere Basquiat na Los Angeles ka ọ na-akwadebe maka ihe ngosi ya na Gagosian Gallery.^[11] Ha kpọrọ onwe ha ndị Hollywood Africans dị ka nkwupụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji gbochie ngosipụta nke ndị Africa America na Hollywood.^[12] A na-egosipụta mmadụ atọ ahụ na ihe osise Basquiat Hollywood Africans n'ihu Chinese Theater with Footprints of Movie Stars (1983) na Hollywood Africins (1983).^[13]

Ndụ onwe onye

Rammellzee lụrụ Carmela Zagari Rammellzé.^[1] Ọ nwụrụ na New York City na June 28, 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ 49, ebe ọ na-ata ahụhụ site na ikpughe na mgba, anwụrụ ọkụ, resin na nsí ndị ọzọ site na ọrụ ya na nsogbu imeju. E depụtara ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya dị ka ọrịa obi.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Aha

Ọ gbanwere aha ya n'ụzọ iwu ka ọ bụrụ Rammellzee na 1979 na ndị enyi maara aha ọmụmụ ya achọghị ikpughe ya, dịka ọchịchọ ya si dị.^[1]^[17] Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eji aha mkpirikpi nke "Ramm" eme ihe.^[6] O kwuru na aha ya sitere na RAM gbakwunyere M maka Magnitude, Sigma (Σ) onye na-agbakọta ọnụ mbụ, nke mbụ bụ L ♡ ogologo, nke abụọ bụ L ♡ latitude, Z ♡ z-bar, Σ, Σ ♡ nchịkọta.^[18] O kwenyere na Jamel-Z, onye nduzi sitere na Nation of Gods and Earths ọ zutere na 1977, na mkpali maka aha ya.

Ihe ngosi

2021 - Ide ọdịnihu: Basquiat na Hip-Hop Generation - Museum of Fine Arts, Boston - Group
2018 - RAMMΣLLZΣ: A Roll of Dice - Lazinc Gallery - London - England - Solo
2018 - Rammellzee - Ịgba ọsọ maka Thunder - Red Bull Arts - New-York - United States - Solo
2018 - Ebe ngosi nka n'okporo ámá na Graffiti - L'Aérosol - Maquis-art Hall of Fame - Paris - Group
2016 - La Velocità delle immagini (Nchịkọta Speerstra) - Institut Suisse nke Rome - Italy
2016 - Graffiti Art - Tableau de légende (Collection Gallizia) - Institut culturel Bernard Magrez - Bordeaux - France - Group
2016 - Pressionnism, graffiti masterpieces on canvas (Collection Gallizia) - Fort Canning Museum - Singapore - France - Group
2015 - Pressionnisme, site na Bando ruo Basquiat (Collection Gallizia) - Pinacothèque de Paris - France - Group
2014 - Obodo dị ka Canvas: Graffiti Art (Nchịkọta Martin Wong) - Museum of the City of New York - NY - United States - Group
2013 - The Shadows Took Shape - The Studio Museum in Harlem - New York City -NY - United States - Group
2013 - Urban Art Biennale 2013 - Urban Arts Biennale - Völklingen - Germany - Group
2013 - Graffiti, Thanks a Lot - Fun Gallery (Curateur Patti Astor) - New-York - United States - Group
2013 - Tekens aan de Wand: Ferenc Gögös/Graffiti Art - Museum Tongerlohuys - Roosendaal - Netherlands - Group
2013 - White Petals Surround Your Yellow Heart - Institute of Contemporary Art - Mahadum Pennsylvania - Philadelphia - United States - Ìgwè
2013 - Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ndị Afrịka Hollywood: Toxic - Londonewcastle Project Space - London - England - Group
2013 - Abstract Mash-Up II: Ihe ngosi otu - Crown Point Press Gallery - San Francisco - United States - Otu
2012 - Nnukwu ọnụnọ: Black Performance In Contemporary Art - Contemporary Arts Museum Houston - Houston - United States - Group
2012 - Chineke Zọpụta Eze Nwanyị: Punk na Netherlands 1977-1984 - Centraal Museum - Utrecht - Netherlands - Otu
2012 - Brucennial 2012 - Harder. Onye aghụghọ. Fasterer - United States - Ìgwè
2012 - Strongerer - Brucennial - New York City - United States - Group
2012 - Letter Racers - The Museum of Modern Art - NY - United States - Solo
2012 - Letter Racers - The Suzanne Geiss Company - NY - United States - Solo
2012 - The Rammellzee Galaxseum - Children's Museum of Art - New York - United States - Solo
2011 - Perfect Man II - White Columns - New York City - NY - United States - Group
2011 - Graffiti - New York 80's - Galerie Jérôme de Noirmont - Paris - France - Group
2012 - Speerstra Foundation (Nchịkọta Speerstra) - Apụl - Switzerland - Ìgwè
2012 - Art in the Streets - The Geffen Contemporary na MOCA - Los Angeles - CA - Group - solo
2011 - L'Art du Graffiti : 40 ans de Pressionnisme (Curateur A.D. Gallizia) - Grimaldi Forum - Monaco - France - Group & solo
2011 - Ahụmahụ Aerosol - Zieglerzwei - Zurich - Switzerland - Otu
2011 - Nchịkọta Rudolf na Ute Scharpff - Kunstmuseum Stuttgart - Germany - Solo
2010 - Street na Studio - Von Basquiat bis Séripop - Kunsthalle Wien (Museumsquartier) - Vienna - Austria - Otu
2010 - Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-emeghe (Collections Gallizia-Emerige) - Bâche Wagram - Paris - France - Group
2010 - Printin - The Museum of Modern Art - NY - United States - Group
2010 - Rammellzee: The Equation - Suzanne Geiss's Gallery - New York - United States - Solo
2009 - Gothic Futurism - Galerie Renée Ziegler - Zurich - Switzerland - Solo
2009 - Subcultural Capital - Anonymous Gallery - New York City - NY - United States - Group
2009 Ndị New York - V1 Gallery - Copenhagen - Denmark - Group
2009 - Ramm:Ell:Zee - Galerie Ziegler SA - Zurich - Switzerland - Solo
2009 - Tag na Grand Palais (Collections Gallizia) - Grand Palais - Paris - France - Group
2007 - Futuro del Futurismo - Gamec -Galleria d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Bergamo - Italy - Group
2007 - Graffiti Stories (Collection Speerstra) - Abbaye d'Auberive na Musée Paul Valéry, Sète - France - Group
2007 -L'art modeste sous les bombes (Collection Speerstra) - Musee International des Arts Modestes - Sete - France - Group
2006 - Egwú bụ Ụda Ka Mma - MoMA PS1, New York City - NY - Otu
2006 - Sound Zero - Kunst Meran - Meran - Italy - Otu
2005 - Bi-Conicals nke Rammellzee Tour - Venice Biennale - Italy - Solo
2004 - Ịmụ ọnụ ọchị na ndị otu na champagne - Zeen keuze uit de collectie - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal, Helmond - Netherlands - Group
2002 - Americas Remixed - Careof ̊ Fabbrica del Vapore - Milan - Italy - Group
2002 -Cowboys en kroegtijgers - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal - Helmond - Netherlands - Group
2002 - Amerịka - Fabbrica del Vapore - Milan - Ịtali - Ìgwè
2001 - Oostduitse meisjes en andere Francken - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal - Helmond - Netherlands - Group
1998 - Ịmụ ọnụ ọchị na champagne - Gemeentemuseum Helmond - Boscotondohal, Helmond - Netherlands - Group
1994 - Rammellzee vs Gen U One (Gen Atem) - Omume na Self Presentation - Eigen + Art - New York City - United States - Group
1992 - Na-abịa site na Subway (Collection Speerstra) - Groninger Museum - Netherlands - Group
1991 - American Graffiti: Nnyocha - Liverpool Gallery - Brussels - Ìgwè
1991 - Graffiti Art : Ndị America na ndị France na-ese ihe 1981/1991 (Collection Speerstra) - Musée des monuments Français Paris - Group
1990 - Rammellzee - Galerie B5/Speerstra Gallery - Monaco - France - Solo
1989 - Hip Hop 'til You Drop - Whitney Museum of American Art - New York - United States - Group
1988 - Akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya na ihe ndekọ ọnwụ - Barbara Braathen Gallery - New York - NY - Solo
1988 - Comic Iconoclasm - Cornerhouse - Manchester - England - Group
1987 - The Equation - Lidia Carrieri Gallery - Rome - Italy - Solo
1986 - Future Futurism - Barbara Braathen Gallery - New York City - NY - Solo
1986 - Retrospective (Collection Speerstra) - Gemeente museum - Helmond - Netherlands - Group
1985 - 18° Bienal de São Paulo - Bienal de Sao Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil - Otu
1985 - Ikonoklast Panzerim - Galerie Renée Ziegler - Zurich - Switzerland - Ìgwè
1985 - N'etiti Sayensị na Akụkọ ifo - Bienal de Sao Paulo - Brazil - Otu
1984 - Rapid Enamel The Art of Graffiti - The Renaissance Society na Mahadum Chicago - Otu
1984 - Ein Anders klima - ihu igwe dị iche (II) - Kunsthalle Düsseldorf - Dusseldorf - Germany - Otu
1984 - Graffiti - Groninger Museum - Groningen - Netherlands - Ìgwè
1984 - New York Graffiti (Nchịkọta Speerstra) - Louisiana Museum - Humlebaek - Denmark - Ìgwè
1984 - Ndị na-ese ihe si New-York na Monte-Carlo - Speerstra Gallery - Monaco - France - Group
1983 - Post-Graffiti - Sydney Janis Gallery - New-York - United States - Group
1983 - Graffiti, Thank a Lot - Fun Gallery (Patti Astor) -Group
1983 - Museum Boymans - Van Beuningen - Rotterdam - Netherlands - Ìgwè
1982 - New York - Institute of Contemporary Arts - London - England - Otu

Edensibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kennedy. "Rammellzee, Hip-Hop and Graffiti Pioneer, Dies at 49", The New York Times, 2 July 2010.
↑ Campion. "RIP Rammellzee – a true hip-hop visionary", The Guardian, 4 July 2010.
↑ Rammellzee. Iconic Treatise of Gothic Futurism.
↑ Tompkins (2011). How To Wreck A Nice Beach: The Vocoder From World War II to Hip-Hop: the Machine Speaks. Brooklyn, NY: Stop Smiling Media/ Melville House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61219-093-8.
↑ Luckman. "R.I.P. RAMMΣLLZΣΣ", Impose Magazine, 1 July 2010.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Gotthardt. "How 1980s Cult Artist Rammellzee Mesmerized Everyone from Basquiat to the Beastie Boys", Artsy, 2018-04-26. Retrieved on 2018-04-28. (in en)
↑ Hsu. "The Spectacular Personal Mythology of Rammellzee", The New Yorker, 2018-05-28. Retrieved on 2018-05-25. (in en-US)
↑ Wieners (August 3, 2018). How Cult Artist Rammellzee Changed the Game by Demolishing Traditions (en). Red Bull. Retrieved on 2021-01-04.
↑ Zwickel. "Death Comet Crew: This Is Riphop", Pitchfork Media, August 9, 2004. Retrieved on April 15, 2011.
↑ Rammellzee: Graffiti Writer, Artist and Deity "Racing For Thunder" (en-US). Brooklyn Street Art (July 25, 2018). Retrieved on 2021-01-04.
↑ Hoffman. "Basquiat's L.A.", Los Angeles Times, March 13, 2005.
↑ Last of the Hollywood Africans: Toxic, Rammellzee and Jean-Michel Basquiat (en-US). Very Nearly Almost (February 8, 2013). Retrieved on 2021-01-04.
↑ Hollywood Africans: African Americans and the Entertainment Industry in Basquiat's Work (en-US). Singulart Magazine (July 26, 2017). Retrieved on 2020-09-27.
↑ Tate. "Rammellzee: The Ikonoklast Samurai", The Wire, April 2004. Retrieved on February 9, 2011.
↑ Weiss. "R.I.P. Rammellzee: The original abstract-rapping outlaw", Los Angeles Times, July 1, 2010. Retrieved on July 3, 2010.
↑ Kennedy. "Art Excavated From Battle Station Earth", The New York Times, 2012-02-23. Retrieved on 2018-05-26. (in en-US)
↑ Nosnitsky. "Remembering Hip-Hop Legend Rammellzee: "You Hit The Bank, You Rob The Money, And You Leave"", The Village Voice, 30 June 2010.
↑ Excerpts from Rammellzee's ICONIC TREATISE GOTHIC FUTURISM Templeeti:Pipe post.thing.net. Post.thing.net. Retrieved on 25 June 2021.

Njikọ mpụga

[NYTimes-Obit-2010-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kennedy. "Rammellzee, Hip-Hop and Graffiti Pioneer, Dies at 49", The New York Times, 2 July 2010.

[TheGuardian-Obit-2010-2] Campion. "RIP Rammellzee – a true hip-hop visionary", The Guardian, 4 July 2010.

[3] Rammellzee. Iconic Treatise of Gothic Futurism.

[4] Tompkins (2011). How To Wreck A Nice Beach: The Vocoder From World War II to Hip-Hop: the Machine Speaks. Brooklyn, NY: Stop Smiling Media/ Melville House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61219-093-8.

[ImposeMag-Obit-2010-5] Luckman. "R.I.P. RAMMΣLLZΣΣ", Impose Magazine, 1 July 2010.

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Gotthardt. "How 1980s Cult Artist Rammellzee Mesmerized Everyone from Basquiat to the Beastie Boys", Artsy, 2018-04-26. Retrieved on 2018-04-28. (in en)

[:2-7] Hsu. "The Spectacular Personal Mythology of Rammellzee", The New Yorker, 2018-05-28. Retrieved on 2018-05-25. (in en-US)

[8] Wieners (August 3, 2018). How Cult Artist Rammellzee Changed the Game by Demolishing Traditions (en). Red Bull. Retrieved on 2021-01-04.

[9] Zwickel. "Death Comet Crew: This Is Riphop", Pitchfork Media, August 9, 2004. Retrieved on April 15, 2011.

[10] Rammellzee: Graffiti Writer, Artist and Deity "Racing For Thunder" (en-US). Brooklyn Street Art (July 25, 2018). Retrieved on 2021-01-04.

[11] Hoffman. "Basquiat's L.A.", Los Angeles Times, March 13, 2005.

[12] Last of the Hollywood Africans: Toxic, Rammellzee and Jean-Michel Basquiat (en-US). Very Nearly Almost (February 8, 2013). Retrieved on 2021-01-04.

[13] Hollywood Africans: African Americans and the Entertainment Industry in Basquiat's Work (en-US). Singulart Magazine (July 26, 2017). Retrieved on 2020-09-27.

[14] Tate. "Rammellzee: The Ikonoklast Samurai", The Wire, April 2004. Retrieved on February 9, 2011.

[15] Weiss. "R.I.P. Rammellzee: The original abstract-rapping outlaw", Los Angeles Times, July 1, 2010. Retrieved on July 3, 2010.

[16] Kennedy. "Art Excavated From Battle Station Earth", The New York Times, 2012-02-23. Retrieved on 2018-05-26. (in en-US)

[VillageVoice-Obit-2010-17] Nosnitsky. "Remembering Hip-Hop Legend Rammellzee: "You Hit The Bank, You Rob The Money, And You Leave"", The Village Voice, 30 June 2010.

[18] Excerpts from Rammellzee's ICONIC TREATISE GOTHIC FUTURISM Templeeti:Pipe post.thing.net. Post.thing.net. Retrieved on 25 June 2021.

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