Rachael Pringle Polgreen

Rachael Pringle Polgreen (ihe dị ka 1753-1791) bụ onye Afro-Barbadian na-elekọta ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na onye nwe ụlọ ndị akwụna. A mụrụ ya n'ohu, a zụrụ nnwere onwe ya, ọ ghọkwara onye nwe Royal Naval Hotel, ụlọ akwụna nke na-elekọta ndị agha na-agagharị agagharị n'àgwàetiti Barbados.

Rachael Pringle Polgreen
Rachel Pringle Polgreen, as depicted in Thomas Rowlandson's 1796 lithograph
Born	Rachael Lauder c. 1753 Bridgetown, Barbados, British West Indies
Died	Àtụ:Death year and age Bridgetown, Barbados, British West Indies
Nationality	Barbadian
Other names	Rachel Pringle
Occupation	hotelier, brothel owner

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mulatto mbụ na-azụ ahịa na mpaghara ahụ. N'ịbụ onye a ma ama, a kọwawo ma kwughachi akụkọ ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Bajan, na akụkọ ahụ na-emepụta oge dị iche iche. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji akụkọ ndụ ya mee ihe dị ka akụkọ ịdọ aka ná ntị, ebe n'oge ndị ọzọ, a na-eji ya gosi ike. Nkà mmụta akwụkwọ na-adịbeghị anya lekwasịrị anya na ndekọ ndekọ ego na mbọ iji nye nkọwa doro anya banyere ndụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa na ndị Africa gbagoro n'oge akụ na ụba ohu.

Ndụ mbido

A mụrụ Rachael Lauder n'ihe dị ka afọ 1753 na Bridgetown, Barbados, na mpaghara British West Indies n'aka nwanyị ohu na William Lauder, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Scotland ọcha.[1][2]

J.W. Orderson dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, Creoleana na 1855, nke kọwara ndụ ya.[1][2] Orderson, onye ketara akwụkwọ akụkọ, Barbados Mercury, site na nna ya John Orderson, gaara abụ onye na-eto eto n'oge ndụ Polgreen; ọ ga-abụ na ihe àmà nke mgbasa ozi ndị Polgreen tinyere n'akwụkwọ ya bụ na ha abụọ maara ibe ha.Ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndekọ ndekọ, a lithograph, na Orderson si stereotyped na mmekọahụ na-akọ banyere ndụ ya na ebumnobi ya ime nkwupụta omume megide miscegenation, obere ihe a maara site ya n'ụzọ banyere ndụ ya.[4] Na akụkọ Orderson, Captain Thomas Pringle, onye uwe ojii na Royal Navy, zụtara ya iji napụta ya n'aka nna ya na-akparị mmekọahụ.[1][2] Pringle na Lauder abụrụla ndị hụrụ ya n'anya, mgbe ọ zụtara ya, ọ chịkọtara ya ma debe ya n'ụlọ dị na Bridgetown.[2]

Ọrụ

Mgbe o dochara Lauder n'ụlọ, Pringle hapụrụ agwaetiti ahụ, laghachi n'ọrụ agha ya. Lauder weghaara aha ya ma mesịa were aha nna ya bụ Polgreen, [5] n'agbanyeghị na amabeghị ma nke ahụ bụ n'ihi mmekọrịta ọzọ. Ọ tụgharịrị ụlọ Pringle zụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, nke bụkwa ụlọ akwụna, na-enye ndị agha na-eme njem na-eme njem na Bridgetown ọrụ mmekọahụ.[1]

Mgbe ihe mere na Prince William Henry gara na họtel ya, mebie ya n'ime mmanya, ma tụba Polgreen n'oche ya n'okporo ámá, Orderson na-agwa na o zigara onye isi (mgbe e mesịrị King William IV) ụgwọ dị ukwuu maka mmebi. Ọ kpọrọ aha ntọala ahụ Royal Naval Hotel, na-ezo aka na onye isi na ndị agha mmiri dị ka ndị ahịa ya ama ama.[6] Ma akụkọ nke nzute a bụ akụkọ ifo ma ọ bụ na-amaghị; Otú ọ dị, mgbasa ozi dị na Barbados Gazette na 1789 nyere Polgreen ụgwọ ọrụ maka nlọghachi nke ọtụtụ ihe.[7] Ụbọchị mbipụta ahụ dabara na nleta onye isi ala n'àgwàetiti ahụ, ọ pụkwara igosi na e nwere eziokwu ụfọdụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gosiri ihe omume..[8]

Ihe ndekọ ndekọ sitere na Privy Council nkeji nke 1791 na-ese onyinyo Polgreen dị ka onye na-ewe iwe ma na-emegbu ndị ọ na-agba ohu. [8] Iwu ohu nke Barbados nyere ndị ohu ohere iji ime ihe ike dị egwu nye ndị ha ji mee ohu ntaramahụhụ, ma ọ bụghịkwa na ọ na-arụrịta ụka banyere ụlọ ndị akwụna. [9][10] Marisa J. Fuentes, onye ọkà mmụta nke na-amụ ụmụ nwanyị ohu nke Caribbean, atụlewo etu ụmụ nwanyị ndị ohu n'oge gara aga si dabere na akụ na ụba ohu wee si otú a mee ka usoro mmegbu nke ndị ọzọ dịgide. [11][12] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1780, Polgreen resịrị otu nwanyị aha ya bụ Joanna onye agha, Joseph Haycock, onye tọhapụrụ ya. N'enweghị ike ịkwado onwe ya dị ka nwanyị nweere onwe ya, afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, Joanna sonyeere Polgreen maka afọ iri na abụọ iji gbanwere uwe, nri, na ihe ọṅụṅụ.[13] N'otu aka ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Polgreen nwere ike ịnakọta ihe onwunwe ma nweta ọnọdụ akụ na ụba yiri nke ọtụtụ ndị ahịa ọcha, ọ nwere ike ime nke ahụ naanị na mgbalị nke ndị ọcha ibe ya na-agaghị ele anya dị ka ihe a na-akwanyere ùgwù.[14]

Polgreen nwetara ihe onwunwe ruru ihe karịrị £ 2,900, nke gụnyere ụlọ, ngwongwo, arịa ụlọ, na ndị ohu iri atọ na asatọ. A na-eji ya tụnyere ala nke onye ọcha bara ọgaranya n'oge ahụ, akụ na ụba ya jikọtara ya na netwọk mmekọrịta bara ọgaraya, na-enye ohere ili ya n'ebe ili ozu Anglịkan.[15] Dị ka e kwuru n'uche ya, ọ chịkọtara otu onye ohu aha ya bụ Joanna ma bufee mmadụ abụọ n'ime ndị ọzọ ọ gbara ohu n'aka Joanna. Ọ tọhapụrụ otu ohu aha ya bụ Princess na ụmụ mulatto anọ. Enyere ndị ọzọ ndị ọ gbara ohu n'aka "William Firebrace na ndị ikwu ya nwanyị, William Stevens, na Captain Thomas Pringle".[16] O doghị anya site na uche ma nnwere onwe nke Joanna wedara ikike ọrụ ya na mbụ ma ọ bụ na ọ kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ntinye aka ya..[17]

Thomas Rowlandson, onye England na-ese ihe, bipụtara lithograph nke Polgreen na 1796. Ihe osise ahụ na-egosi Polgreen ka ọ na-anọdụ ala n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ ya, nke e ji ihe ịrịba ama na-akpọsa "Pawpaw Sweetmeats & Pickles of all Sorts by Rachel PP". N'azụ ya na n'aka ekpe ya n'ọrụ ahụ bụ nwa agbọghọ, nke yi uwe dị ala, na-eche ihu n'ihu nwoke ọcha na-eyi uwe na-agbaji agbaji. N'aka nri ya bụ onye agha Britain na-acha ọcha na-ele anya na windo. N'afọ 1958, Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society nwere edemede edere n'amaghị aha ya na-enyocha ihe osise ahụ.[16] Onye edemede ahụ kwuru na ihe osise ahụ bụ ihe atụ na-ezo aka na ndụ Polgreen, na nwanyị nọ n'azụ na-anọchite anya Polgreen dị ka nwa agbọghọ, nwoke ahụ nwere nkwarụ na-egosi nna ya ukwu-onye mmegbu, na onye ọrụ na-egosi onye nzọpụta ya Pringle.[5] Fuentes kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ na ihe ịrịba ama ahụ na-ezo aka na mmekọahụ, dịka ọ na-adịkarị maka ọrụ Rowlandson. Nkọwa abụọ nke okwu abụọ ahụ na-egosi na Polgreen na-etinye aka na akụ na ụba ahịa, mana ọ na-ezo aka na iri ahụ ụmụ nwanyị (mkpụrụ osisi na-atọ ụtọ) site n'aka ụmụ nwoke (ihe nnọchianya phallic). [5]

Ọnwụ na ihe nketa

E liri Polgreen na Katidral Church of Saint Michael na All Angels Churchyard na Bridgetown na 23 Julaị 1791.[15] Nancy Clarke weghaara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ya, onye mere ya nke ọma ruo afọ iri, tupu ọ nyefee ya Carolyn Barrow (nakwa mgbe ụfọdụ Charlotte Barrow). Ọ gara n'ihu n'ahịa ruo mgbe e bibiri ya n'ọkụ na 1821.

A na-eji ihe nketa ya eme ihe ugboro ugboro na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Bajan iji gosipụta ihe oyiyi dị iche iche n'oge dị iche iche. Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, e ji akụkọ ya mee ihe dị ka akụkọ ịdọ aka ná ntị banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ịghara ibelata mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii. N'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, ndị isi jiri akụkọ Polgreen mee ihe iji kwalite mmetụta nke uru a ga-enweta site na obibi na iguzosi ike n'ihe nye Britain. Ka oge na-aga, ọ malitere igosi ike ụmụ nwanyị ojii nwere ike iji guzogide ịgba ohu.[15]

Ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a na-enyochagharị akụkọ ya ọzọ iji chọpụta otú mgbagwoju anya nke ndụ ya, dị ka mmetọ mmekọahụ ya na mmegbu nke ndị ọzọ, na-ebi ndụ n'okpuru egwu nke ntaramahụhụ na mgbe ahụ na-achị ndị ọzọ, na-emekọrịta ihe, na-eburu n'uche na okwu ahụ bụ. agba site na eziokwu na ọ bụ nwanyị na-agụghị akwụkwọ na agba na-akọghị akụkọ nke ya.[15]

Edensibia