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Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld

Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld ( mechara bụrụ Prince Bernhard nke Netherlands; 29 June 1911 – 1 Disemba 2004) bụ onye ama ama German bụ onye isi ala Netherlands site na 6 Septemba 1948 ruo 30 Eprel 1980 dịka di Queen Juliana. Ha bụ nne na nna nke ụmụ anọ, gụnyere Beatrix, onye bụ Queen nke Netherlands site na 1980 ruo 2013.

Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld

Bernhard bụ nke ụlọ eze Lippe ma bụrụ nwa nwanne nke ndị isi nke Lippe ikpeazụ eze Leopold IV. Site n'ọmụmụ o nwere aha Count of Biesterfeld; nwanne nna ya zụlitere ya n'ọkwa eze na ụdị nke Serene Highness na 1916. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu ma rụọ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu na ụlọ ọrụ Paris nke IG Farben. N'afọ 1937, ọ lụrụ Princess Juliana nke Netherlands, ma kpọnye ya aha Prince nke Netherlands ozugbo na ụdị Royal Highness. Mgbe nwunye ya rịgoro n'ocheeze na 1948, ọ ghọrọ onye isi na-achị Netherlands.

Ndụ onwe Bernhard nwere nnukwu arụmụka n'ihi na ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ SS maka ndị Nazi tupu ọ gbanwee akụkụ na British. N'agbanyeghị nke a, a kwanyere ya ugwu maka ịrụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọ agha na ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta na onye enyemaka onwe ya nye Queen Wilhelmina n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na maka ọrụ ya n'oge agha agha gasịrị. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ bụ akụkụ nke kansụl ndị agha jikọrọ aka na London. Ọ hụrụ ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka Wing Commander (RAF), na-efe ma ụgbọ elu ndị agha na bọmbụ na-ebu agha. Ọ bụ onye ọchịagha Dutch na onye ọchịagha Kasị Elu nke ndị agha Dutch, na-etinye aka na mkparịta ụka gbasara usoro inyefe ndị agha German na Netherlands. Maka ezi obi ike, onye ndu na iguzosi ike n'ihe n'oge mbọ ya n'oge agha, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ọchịagha nke ndị agha William Order, nsọpụrụ kacha ochie na nke kachasi na Netherlands. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Queen Elizabeth II nke United Kingdom mere ya Honorary Air Marshal nke Royal Air Force. Na 1969, e nyere Bernhard Grand Cross (Special Class) nke Order nke Merit nke Federal Republic of Germany.

Bernhard nyeere aka chọta World Wildlife Fund (WWF, mechara degharịa aha World Wide Fund for Nature), na-aghọ onye isi oche mbụ ya na 1961. Na 1970, ya na Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh na ndị otu ndị ọzọ, o guzobere onyinye ego nke WWF "The 1001". : A Nature Trust." N'afọ 1954, ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke otu Bilderberg Group nke mba ụwa, bụ nke na-ezukọ kwa afọ kemgbe ahụ iji kwurịta ijikọ ụwa ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara Europe na North America. A manyere ya ịhapụ otu abụọ ahụ ka o tinyechara aka na Scandal Bribery Lockheed na 1976.

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Bernhard Bernhard Leopold Friedrich Eberhard Julius Kurt Karl Gottfried Peter, Count of Biesterfeld na Jena, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Alaeze Ukwu German na 29 June 1911, nwa nwoke nke Prince Bernhard nke Lippe na nwunye ya, Baroness Armgard. Ọ bụ nwa nwa Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, bụ onye na-achị isi nke Lippe ruo 1904. Ọ bụkwa nwa nwanne nke onye ọchịchị ikpeazụ, Leopold IV, Onyeisi Lippe.

N'ihi na alụmdi na nwunye nne na nna ya adabaghị n'iwu alụmdi na nwunye nke Ụlọ Lippe, a na-ewere ya na mbụ dị ka morganatic, n'ihi ya, e nyere Bernhard nanị aha Count of Biesterfeld mgbe a mụrụ ya. Ya na nwanne ya nwoke nwere ike ịga n'ihu n'ocheeze Lippian naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ niile na-achị achị ga-apụ n'anya. Na 1916, nwanne nna ya Leopold IV dị ka onye isi na-achị zụlitere Bernhard na nne ya nye Prince na Princess nke Lippe-Biesterfeld, si otú a na-emegharịghachi dịka ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye nke nne na nna ya. A tụgharịrị suffix Biesterfeld ka ọ bụrụ akara mmalite nke ahịrị cadet ọhụrụ nke Ụlọ Lippe.

Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, ezinụlọ Bernhard tụfuru Ọchịchị German ha na ego ha nwetara na ya, ma ezinụlọ ahụ ka nwere ezi uche. Bernhard nọrọ afọ nwata ya na nnukwu ụlọ Reckenwalde (Wojnowo, Poland), ụlọ ọhụrụ ezinaụlọ ahụ na East Brandenburg, kilomita iri atọ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Oder. A kụziiri ya na nzuzo wee mụọ akwụkwọ nwata ya n'ụlọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, e zigara ya ịbanye na Gymnasium dị na Züllichau (Sulechów). Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, e zigara ya ịbanye na mgbatị ahụ dị na Berlin, nke ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1929.

Bernhard nwere ọrịa mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Ndị dọkịta buru amụma na ọ gaghị adị ogologo ndụ. Amụma a nwere ike kpalie Bernhard ịnya ụgbọ ala enweghị uche na ihe egwu ndị o mere na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. Onye isi ala ahụ mebiri ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ elu n'oge ndụ ya.

Bernhard gụrụ iwu na Mahadum Lausanne, Switzerland na Berlin. Na obodo ikpeazụ, ọ nwetakwara mmasị maka ụgbọ ala ngwa ngwa, ịnya ịnyịnya, na nnukwu egwuregwu ịchụ nta safaris. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ mmiri na n'ihe mberede ụgbọ elu. Ọ gbajiri olu na ọgịrịga gbajiri n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala 160 km/h (100 mph) na 1938.

Mgbe Bernhard nọ na mahadum, o sonyeere ndị Nazi Party. Ọ debakwara aha na Sturmabteilung (SA), nke ọ hapụrụ na Disemba 1934 mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee rụọ ọrụ maka IG Farben. Onye isi ahụ mechara gọnarị na ya bụ nke SA, nke Reiter-SS (SS Cavalry Corps), na ndị NSKK, mana ndị a bụ ndị otu nwere akwụkwọ nke ọma. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị onye mmeri siri ike nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ọ dịghị mgbe a maara Onyeisi ahụ ka ọ na-enwe echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụla ma ọ bụ kwupụta mmetụta ọ bụla nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na o kwetara na ya nwere ọmịiko n'oge ọchịchị Adolf Hitler.

Onye isi ahụ mechara rụọ ọrụ maka nnukwu kemịkalụ German IG Farben na mmalite 1930s, mgbe ahụ ụlọ ọrụ nke anọ kachasị n'ụwa. (Ọ na-adị ndụ taa dị ka BASF, AGFA na Bayer). Ọ sonyere na ngalaba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke IG Farben's Berlin NW. Ngalaba 7, isi ụlọ ọrụ nledo nke ndị Nazi na mba ofesi (nke a maara dị ka VOWI) nke sitere na ogwe aka ọgụgụ isi akụ na ụba nke Wehrmacht. Ọ nọrọ na Count Paul von Kotzebue (1884-1966), onye ama ama Russia a dọọrọ n'agha nke agbụrụ German, na nwunye ya Allene Tew, onye a mụrụ na United States. Mgbe ọzụzụ gasịrị, Bernhard ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ na 1935 na kọmitii ndị isi na ụlọ ọrụ Paris.

Alụmdi na nwunye na ụmụ

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Princess Juliana na Prince Bernhard 1937 agbamakwụkwọ

Bernhard zutere-Princess Juliana mgbe ahụ na 1936 Winter Olympics na Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Nne Juliana, Queen Wilhelmina, ejirila ihe ka ukwuu n'ime afọ 1930 na-achọ di kwesịrị ekwesị maka Juliana. Dị ka onye Protestant nke ọkwá eze (ndị Lippes bụ ụlọ nwere ikike na Alaeze Ukwu Germany), Bernhard bụ ihe a na-anabata maka Wilhelmina nke okpukpe okpukpe. Ha bụ ndị ikwu tere aka, ụmụ nwanne nke asaa, ha abụọ sitere na Lebrecht, Onye isi ala Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym. Wilhelmina ahapụghị ihe ọ bụla na ohere, ma mee ka ndị ọka iwu ya depụta nkwekọrịta zuru oke tupu alụmdi na nwunye nke akọwapụtara kpọmkwem ihe Bernhard nwere ike na ọ gaghị eme. A mara ọkwa njikọ aka nke di na nwunye ahụ na 8 Septemba 1936, ha lụrụ na Hague na 7 Jenụwarị 1937. Tupu mgbe ahụ, Bernhard enyelarị nwa amaala Dutch ma gbanwee nsụgharị aha ya site na German gaa Dutch. Edebere ya dị ka Serene Highness, ọ ghọrọ Royal Highness site n'iwu Dutch. Kwesịrị ekwesị ya dị ka onye na-akwado Queen n'ọdịnihu ga-emesị bụrụ okwu nke arụmụka ọha na eze.

Prince Bernhard mụrụ ụmụ isii, anọ n'ime ha nwere Queen Juliana. Nwa nwanyị nke okenye bụ Beatrix, (amụrụ 1938), onye mechara bụrụ Queen nke Netherlands. Ụmụ ya nwanyị ndị ọzọ na Juliana bụ Irene (amụrụ 1939), Margriet (amụrụ 1943) na Christina (1947-2019).

 
Princess Juliana na Prince Bernhard na ụmụ ha nwanyị ndị kasị okenye Princess Beatrix na Princess Irene na Ottawa na 4 Mee 1942.

O nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ "eke", ma ọ bụ ndị na-akwadoghị iwu. Nke mbụ bụ Alicia von Bielefeld (amụrụ na San Francisco na 21 June 1952), onye nne ya ka amapụtara dị ka Alicia Webber, nwa amaala German dị afọ 19, ada iwu na-akwadoghị nke onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu German na onye na-anya ụgbọelu Hanna Reitsch. Von Bielefeld abụrụla onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ma biri na United States. Nwa ya nwanyị nke isii, Alexia Grinda (aka Alexia Lejeune ma ọ bụ Alexia Grinda-Lejeune, amụrụ na Paris na 10 Julaị 1967), bụ nwa ya nke Hélène Grinda, onye France na-elekọta mmadụ na ụdị ejiji. Ọ bụ ezie na asịrị a na-akọ banyere ụmụaka abụọ a agbasaworị, a na-eme ka ọnọdụ ha dị ka ụmụ ya ndị nwanyị bụrụ eze mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Na Disemba 2008, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Dutch Cees Fasseur kwuru na Jonathan Aitken, onye bụbu Minista Conservative nke Britain, bụkwa nwa Prince Bernhard, nsonaazụ nke ihe gbasara agha ya na Penelope Maffey.

Àgwà n'ebe ndị Nazi Germany nọ

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Prince Bernhard bụ onye so na "Reiter-SS", otu ngalaba SS nwere n'elu ma sonye na ndị Nazi tupu agha ahụ. O mechara banye na National Socialist Motor Corps.

Ndị òtù ezinụlọ ya na ndị enyi ya dị iche iche na ndị Nazi kwadoro tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha gara agbamakwụkwọ nke eze. Protocol chọrọ ka a kpọọ onye na-atụ anya Prince-Consort ka ọ bịa na ndị na-ege ntị ya na onye isi ala ya, onye n'oge ahụ bụ Adolf Hitler. Hitler nyere akụkọ banyere mkparịta ụka ya na Bernhard nwere na Tischgespräche (Mkparịta ụka Isiokwu). Akwụkwọ a bụ nchịkọta nke otu okwu, okwu, na okwu Hitler nyere ndị ọ kpọrọ òkù n'oge nri ehihie ma ọ bụ nri abalị.

Nwanne onye isi ala, Prince Aschwin nke Lippe-Biesterfeld, bụ onye uwe ojii na ndị agha German. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọrụ nzuzo dị n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ nwere mmasị n'ebe ụmụnna abụọ a pụrụ iche nọ, ọ dịghị mgbe a chọtara ozi na-ezighị ezi ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-ezighị ezi. O wepụrụ mmekọrịta ya na ndị òtù ezinụlọ ya bụ́ ndị nwere ịnụ ọkụ n'obi ndị Nazi. Dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke "Dutchness" ya, dị nso na njedebe nke agha ahụ, ọ na-asụ naanị Dutch mgbe ọ na-ekwurịta maka ntinye nke ndị agha German na Netherlands.

Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

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General Brian Horrocks, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery na Prince Bernhard tupu Operation Market Garden na 8 Septemba 1944

Ná mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, n'oge ndị Germany wakporo Netherlands, Onyeisi ahụ na-ebu égbè, haziri ndị nche ụlọ eze ka ha bụrụ ndị agha ma gbagbuo ụgbọ elu Germany. Ezinụlọ eze gbapụrụ na Netherlands wee gbaba na England. N’ekwenyeghị na mkpebi Queen Wilhelmina isi n’alaeze ahụ pụọ, ekwuru na nwa okorobịa ahụ bụ Prince Consort, dị afọ 28, jụrụ ịga na na ọ chọrọ imegide ndị Nazi si n’ime obodo ahụ na-achị. Otú ọ dị, n'ikpeazụ, o kwetara isonyere nwunye ya wee ghọọ onyeisi nke Royal Military Mission nke dabeere na London. Nwunye ya Princess Juliana na ụmụ ha gara n'ihu na Canada, ebe ha nọrọ ruo mgbe agha ahụ biri.

Na England, Prince Bernhard jụrụ ịrụ ọrụ na ọgụgụ isi Britain. Agha Admiralty, na mgbe e mesịrị General Eisenhower's Allied Command offices, atụkwasịghị ya obi nke ọma iji kwe ka ọ nweta ozi ọgụgụ isi dị nro. Na nkwado nke enyi Bernhard na onye nwere mmasị na King George VI, onye bụkwa onye German aristocratic sitere na nne ya Mary nke Teck na nna nna ya Prince Albert, na mgbe onye ọrụ ọgụgụ isi Britain bụ Ian Fleming ji aka ya nyochaa Bernhard n'onwe ya. nke Winston Churchill, e mechara nye ya ọrụ ọ ga-arụ na Kansụl Nhazi Agha Allied.

"Maka Bernhard, Prince nke Netherlands, agha ahụ bụ azụmahịa na-akụda mmụọ. A mụrụ German, ọ lụrụ nanị otu nwa Queen Wilhelmina, Princess Juliana, na n'oge na-adịghị anya mere mgbanwe dị mma na nke bara uru nke iguzosi ike n'ihe nye obodo ọhụrụ ya. n'ihi nke a, na n'ihi obi abụọ ndị ndabere ya malitere na mbụ n'etiti ụfọdụ ndị Briten, ọ na-agụsi ya agụụ ike karịa onye ọ bụla maka ohere ịbanye na ndị mmegide Holland." Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema aka "Soldier of Orange", mma agha mma.

Na 25 June 1940, ụbọchị atọ ka France dara n'aka igwe agha German, Bernhard kwuru okwu na Overseas Service nke BBC. Ọ kpọrọ Hitler onye ọchịchị aka ike nke Germany ma kwupụta obi ike ya na Britain ga-emeri Ọchịchị nke Atọ.

Na 1940, Flight Lieutenant Murray Payne nyere onye isi ntụziaka n'ịfe Spitfire. Onye isi ahụ mere awa ụgbọ elu 1,000 na Spitfire na RAF's No. 322 (Dutch) Squadron RAF, na-emebi ụgbọ elu abụọ n'oge ọdịda. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'oge ndụ ya niile wee fepụ ụgbọ elu ikpeazụ ya afọ 53 ka e mesịrị, ya na nwa nwa ya na onye nketa nke ocheeze, bụ onye ketara mmasị ya maka ịfefe.

Na 1941, e nyere Prince Bernhard ọkwa nsọpụrụ nke nku ọchịagha na Royal Air Force. Dị ka "Wing Commander Gibbs (RAF)", Prince Bernhard fefere na Europe, na-awakpo V-1 mwepụta pads na B-24 Liberator, bombu Pisa, na itinye aka n'okpuru ụgbọ mmiri n'elu Atlantic na B-25 Mitchell, na-eduzi nyocha n'elu. Ókè nke ndị iro na-ejide n'ime L-5 Grasshopper. Enyere Prince Bernhard onye Dutch Airman Cross maka "ikike na ntachi obi" ya (Dutch: "bekwaamheid en volharding"). Na 1941 ọ nwetakwara nkwalite na Honorary Air Commodore.

O nyekwaara aka hazie ngagharị mmegide Dutch wee rụọ ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ nkeonwe maka Queen Wilhelmina.

Queen Wilhelmina kpochapụrụ ụdị "nsọpụrụ" (okwu ndị ahụ bụ "à la suite") n'iwu ahụ na-akwalite Bernhard na General. N'ụzọ a na-emegideghị iwu, o nyere onye isi ala a ọkwa nke na-abụghị nke ndị omeiwu ma ọ bụ ndị minista ya zubere. Onye Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa ahọrọghị ịgbazi eze ukwu, onye isi ahụ wee rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na ndị agha Dutch.

Na 1944, Prince Bernhard ghọrọ Ọchịagha nke ndị agha Dutch. Mgbe ntọhapụ nke Netherlands, ọ laghachiri na ezinụlọ ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mkparita uka maka German nyefere. Ọ nọ n'oge mkparịta ụka Armistice na ndị German nyefere na Hotel de Wereld ("The World Hotel"), Wageningen na Netherlands na 5 Mee 1945, ebe ọ na-ezere ịsụ German. Onye isi ahụ bụ ezigbo dike agha n'anya ọtụtụ ndị Dutch; o so ndị Kọmunist bụ́ ndị busoro ndị Nazi agha nwee mmekọrịta chiri anya. N'ime afọ ndị agha gasịrị, ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù maka ọrụ ya n'inyere aka n'ịkwalite akụ na ụba nke Netherlands.

 
Queen Juliana na Prince Bernhard na Onye isi ala nke United States Harry S. Truman na First Lady Bess Truman na Washington National Airport na 2 Eprel 1952

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, e kere ọkwa nke Inspector General maka Prince. Na 4 Septemba 1948, nne di ya Queen Wilhelmina hapụrụ ocheeze na Juliana ghọrọ Queen nke Netherlands na Bernhard ghọrọ Prince Consort nke Netherlands. Emere ya onye otu bọọdụ ndị nlekọta nke Fokker Aircraft na KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, na n'ime afọ ole na ole a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ onye isi na-abụghị onye isi nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ. A na-ekwu na KLM nyeere ndị Nazi aka ịhapụ Germany na ụgbọ elu KLM ka Bernhard nọ n'ụgbọ elu ya. Mgbe ya na Queen Juliana gachara njem na 1952 na United States, ndị mgbasa ozi kwupụtara Prince Bernhard dị ka onye nnọchi anya azụmaahịa pụrụ iche maka Netherlands.

Ebe onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Polish nzuzo, Józef Retinger, kpọtụụrụ kọntaktị ya zuru ụwa ọnụ, na May 1954 Bernhard bụ onye bụ isi n'ịhazi nzukọ na Bilderberg Hotel na Netherlands maka ndị ọchụnta ego na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke Western World iji kpaa maka nsogbu akụ na ụba. n'ihu ihe ha kọwara dị ka ihe iyi egwu na-eto eto sitere na Kọmunist. Nzukọ nke mbụ a gara nke ọma, ma ọ ghọrọ nnọkọ kwa afọ nke a na-akpọ Bilderberg Group. Echiche maka European Union, nke mbụ Robert Schuman tụpụtara na 9 Mee 1950, ka agbanyere ume na Bilderberg.

 
Prince Bernhard na Amsterdam Airport Schiphol na 4 Nọvemba 1959.

Onye isi ala Bernhard bụ onye nkwuwa okwu nke na-emebikarị ụkpụrụ site n'ikwu okwu n'okwu ndị ọ na-enwe mmetụta miri emi banyere ya. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụbọchị ikpeazụ ya, ọ kpọrọ oku ka e nwetakwuo nkwado maka ndị agha Poland nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, bụ ndị kwadoro nke ọma na ntọhapụ nke Netherlands. Ma ọ bụghị ruo mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ka Gọọmenti Dutch ghọtara n'ihu ọha ọrụ dị mkpa nke ndị agha Polish na ntọhapụ: na 31 May 2006, na Binnenhof na Hague, Queen Beatrix nyere ndị agha William Order, ihe ịchọ mma ndị agha Dutch kachasị elu. , na Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade. Ihe nrite a bụ ndị 6th Airborne Brigade bụ ndị ketara nkwanye ugwu agha nke brigade.

Ọbụbụenyi na njikọ mba ụwa

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A hụrụ Prince Bernhard dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụgbọ elu na onye nnọchi anya ndị Dutch n'oge mwughachi agha mgbe agha gasịrị. N'ihi njikọ ya, a kọrọ na Prince Bernhard nọgidere na-enwe ọbụbụenyi na ọtụtụ ndị ama ama mba ụwa. Ha gụnyere Nelson Mandela, David Rockefeller, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, Ian Fleming, na Walter Bedell Smith.

Ihe ihere na asịrị

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Ihe gbasara Hofmans

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N'etiti 1950s, alụm di na nwunye Queen Juliana na Prince Bernhard chere nnukwu nsogbu ihu n'ihi mmetụta na-aga n'ihu nke Greet Hofmans, onye na-agwọ okwukwe na oyibo aka. Ruo afọ itoolu ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụkwasị obi na onye ndụmọdụ na Queen Juliana, na-ebikarị na Palace Soestdijk. Na mbụ, a kpọbatara Hofmans na Queen Juliana na ntinye nke Prince Bernhard na 1948 iji gwọọ ọrịa anya nke nwa ha nwanyị nke ọdụdụ, Princess Christina (nke a ka na-akpọ Marijke). Ọrịa a malitere n'ihi na Juliana bu ọrịa rubella mgbe ọ dị ime. Hofmans nwetara mmetụta dị ukwuu na eze nwanyị, na-agba ume echiche udo. N'oge Agha Nzuzo, nke a kpatara ọgba aghara na ezinụlọ eze.

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nta akụkọ Dutch emeghị ka akụkọ ahụ gbasaa n'ọtụtụ ebe, n'èzí Netherlands, e dere ọtụtụ ihe banyere ihe gbasara Hofman. Na 13 June 1956, e bipụtara otu akụkọ na magazin German Der Spiegel, nke akpọrọ "Zwischen Königin und Rasputin" - "n'etiti Queen na Rasputin ya". Ọ kọwara Hofmans n'ụzọ na-adịghị atọ ụtọ. Ka e mesịrị, Bernhard kwetara na ya ji aka ya nye ihe ọmụma maka isiokwu ahụ. Ndị na-ekiri ihe kwuru na, n'ime nke a, o nwere olileanya na a ga-ewepụ Hofmans n'ụlọ ikpe. N'agbanyeghị esemokwu na-akawanye njọ, Prime Minister, Willem Drees họpụtara otu kọmitii nke "ndị amamihe atọ" (ndị okenye steeti) iji nye di na nwunye eze ndụmọdụ. Achụpụrụ Hofmans dịka ndị mmekọ dị iche iche na ndị na-akwado ya bụ ndị torola eto n'ime ezinụlọ eze.

Na 2008 akụkọ nke "ndị amamihe atọ" e mere n'ihu ọha. Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Cees Fasseur depụtara na ya maka akwụkwọ ya, Juliana & Bernhard (2008); na mgbakwunye, eze nwanyị enyela ya ohere ịnweta ebe nchekwa eze nkeonwe. O kwuru na a baara Bernhard mba na 1956 maka izipu ozi nzuzo nye ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa. Fasseur kwuru na Bernhard malitere iwebata ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa naanị ka emechara ya ugboro ugboro, na-achọsi ike ma na-adịkarị egwu ịrịọ nwunye ya ka ọ kewapụ onwe ya na otu Hofmans. Fasseur dere:

"O doro anya na Bernard bụ onye nweere onwe ya, onye na-eme ihe n'onwe ya na-azụ ahịa. Ma ọ ka bụ nnọọ nwoke ezinụlọ, enwere m mmetụta na ọ bụ naanị ya na-ahụ ihe na-apụ kpamkpam ma gbalịa ịzọpụta ya. ọnọdụ dị ka o nwere ike."

Ihe ihere Lockheed

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Queen Juliana na Prince Bernhard na-alọta site na Porto Ercole, Ịtali n'ihi mmepe na Lockheed scandal na 26 Ọgọst 1976.

Ajọ kparịrị ezinụlọ eze na 1976 mgbe ndị nta akụkọ kwuru na Prince Bernhard anabatala ihe iri ngo US $ 1.1 nde sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu US Lockheed Corporation iji mee ka gọọmentị Dutch zụta ụgbọ elu ọgụ. N'oge ahụ ọ jere ozi n'ihe karịrị bọọdụ ụlọ ọrụ 300 na kọmitii n'ụwa niile ma toro ya na Netherlands maka mbọ ọ gbara iji kwalite ọdịmma akụ na ụba mba ahụ. Mịnịsta ala Netherlands Joop den Uyl nyere iwu ka a jụọ ajụjụ gbasara okwu Lockheed. Prince Bernhard jụrụ ịza ajụjụ ndị nta akụkọ, na-ekwu, sị: "Aka m ihe ndị dị otú ahụ".

Ndị nta akụkọ Dutch na mba ụwa depụtara akụkọ ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Ha welitere ndekọ banyere otu onye Prince Bernhard's Reiter SS na nkọwapụta nke ọtụtụ ihe omume ọlụlụ ya. Ha chọpụtara na ọ zụtara ụlọ Paris mara mma maka nne ya ukwu Hélène Grinda (nwa nwa Édouard Grinda), onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwanyị Alexia, onye na-akwadoghị iwu. Bernhard nwere nwa nwanyị toro eto na-akwadoghị, Alicia, a mụrụ na United States (ya na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu German nke ọ zutere na Mexico na 1951).

Na 26 Ọgọst 1976, ewepụtara akụkọ zuru oke nke ọrụ Prince Bernhard nye ọha Dutch tụrụ akpata oyi. Akwụkwọ ozi nke Onye-isi nke 1974, degara Lockheed Corporation, kpọsara ozi ọma; ọ chọburu ka a kwụọ ya "ọrụ" n'ịzụta ụgbọ elu gọọmentị Dutch. Nke a bụ nnọọ ihe na-emebi ihe àmà nke omume na-ezighị ezi nke nwoke ahụ bụ Inspector-General nke ndị agha Dutch. N'ihi nkwanye ugwu maka Queen Juliana, gọọmentị etinyeghị Bernhard ebubo.

Prince Bernhard gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka Inspector-General nke ndị agha Dutch. E kwekwaghị ka ọ na-eyi uwe n'ihu ọha. Mana afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ọ yiri uwe agha zuru oke mgbe ọ gara olili ozu nke Lord Mountbatten na 1979 na London.

Mịnịsta ala Joop den Uyl mere nkwupụta na nzuko omeiwu wee gwa ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ na Onye isi ala ahụ ga-agbahapụkwa n'ọkwá dị elu dị iche iche na azụmahịa, ọrụ ebere na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ndị Steeti Dutch-General tozuru oke megide ikpe mpụ. Onye isi ala Bernhard tụgharịrị onye isi oche nke International World Wildlife Fund nye Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh.

N'ajụjụ ọnụ e bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na 14 Disemba 2004, Prince Bernhard kwetara na ya anabatala ihe karịrị otu nde dollar (US) na ngarị n'aka Lockheed. O kwetara na ọ bụ mmejọ ma kwuo na ego ahụ niile gara WWF. Ọ sịrị: "Anabatala m na a ga-ese okwu Lockheed n'elu nkume ili m." O gosikwara na ọ mụrụ ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ na-ezighị ezi.

Na February 2008, akụkọ ndụ Joop den Uyl kwuru na akụkọ gọọmentị na-enyocha asịrị iri ngo nke Lockheed gosikwara na Onyeisi ahụ anabatala ego n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ikuku ọzọ: Northrop. Onye bụbu Prime Minister kwuru na ya emebeghị ozi ahụ n'ihu ọha iji chebe ọchịchị eze Dutch.

Ihe mgbochi nke oru ngo

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Princess Juliana na Prince Bernhard na Soestdijk Palace na 31 Mee 1980.

N'afọ 1988, Prince Bernhard na Princess Juliana rere ihe osise abụọ sitere na nchịkọta nke onwe ha iji nweta ego maka World Wildlife Fund. A na-ere ihe osise ndị a £ 700,000, nke etinyere na akaụntụ akụ Switzerland WWF. Na 1989, Otú ọ dị, Charles de Haes, Director-General nke WWF, bufere £500,000 azụ na Bernhard, maka ihe De Haes kpọrọ ọrụ nkeonwe. N'afọ 1991, akwụkwọ akụkọ kọrọ ihe ọrụ nzuzo a bụ: Prince Bernhard goro KAS International, nke onye nchoputa ụgbọ elu pụrụ iche, Sir David Stirling, nwere, iji jiri ndị mercenaries - nke ka ukwuu na Britain - lụso ndị na-achụ nta anụ ọgụ na ihe okike. Ndị otu ndị agha batara n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-erite uru site na ahia iwu na-akwadoghị na ọdụm iji jide ha.

Mkpọchi oru ngo a dị ka ọ gbakere nke ukwuu, agbanyeghị. Ọ bụghị nanị na ndị ọrụ ego e goro ego batara n’ahịa iwu na-akwadoghị, ha na-ekerekwa òkè na ya.

Na 1995, Nelson Mandela kpọkuru Kumleben Commission ka ha nyochaa, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ọrụ WWF na apartheid-South Africa. N'ime akụkọ sochirinụ, a tụrụ aro na ndị mercenaries sitere na Project Lock mere atụmatụ igbu ọchụ nke ndị otu ANC na ndị mercenarị na-agba ọsọ n'ogige ọzụzụ na nchekwa anụ ọhịa, na-azụ ndị agha sitere na otu ndị na-emegide ọchịchị Kọmunist UNITA na Renamo. Ọ dịghị mgbe a boro Prince Bernhard ebubo mpụ ọ bụla n'ọnọdụ a, mana mkpesa Project Lock emetụta aha ọma nke Prince.

Esemokwu na asịrị

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Prince Bernhard dọtara mmasị mgbasa ozi mgbe, na 30 October 2002, ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ahịa Albert Heijn abụọ, bụ ndị a mara ikpe maka ịwakpo onye na-apụnara ụlọ ahịa mgbe ha nwụchiri ya.

Mbipụta 2009 HRH: High Stakes na Court of His Royal Highness nke ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Harry Veenendaal na odeakụkọ Jort Kelder boro ebubo na Onye isi ala na 1950 nwara ịchụpụ gọọmentị na-eto eto nke Republic of Indonesia ọhụrụ ma tinye onwe ya ka ọ duru Islands dị ka Viceroy. yiri ọrụ Lord Mountbatten na British India. Nke a na-esekarị okwu n'ihi na na 1949 Netherlands anabatalarị obodo mbụ ya dị ka mba nweere onwe ya.

Akụkọ banyere 2016 site n'aka Jolande Withuis banyere nwunye ya eze nwanyị Juliana, nke aha ya bụ Juliana, kwuputara asịrị ndị ọzọ gụnyere na ọ wakpoo nwatakịrị n'otu oge, na ọ jụrụ ịgba alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ, na mgbe e mesịrị n'ime afọ ikpeazụ ha na ndụ ọ machibidoro iwu. Juliana si ịhụ ya.

Ndụ na ọnwụ

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Prince Bernhard na-eyi akara ahịa ya na Amsterdam na 6 Julaị 1999.

N'afọ 1994, Onyeisi ahụ wepụrụ etuto eriri afọ ma nwee nnukwu nsogbu n'ihi nsogbu iku ume. N’ọnwa Disemba, ada ya nwanyị Queen Beatrix gbagara n’ụlọ ọgwụ ozugbo o si njem gaa Africa bịa. Ka ọ na-erule Krismas, atụmanya nke ọnwụ akwụsịla, n'oge opupu ihe ubi n'afọ na-abịakwa, ọ gbakere nke ọma ọ laa. Nsogbu ahụike ya gara n'ihu na 1998 mgbe ọ nwere ọzịza prostate na na 1999 mgbe ọ nwere nsogbu iku ume na ikwu okwu. Otú ọ dị, ọ gara agbamakwụkwọ nke nwa nwa ya, ozugbo ọ wachara prostate. N'afọ 2000, ndụ ya nọkwa n'ihe ize ndụ ọzọ mgbe ọ nwere nsogbu akwara ozi ma nọgide na-enwe nsogbu iku ume. Daysbọchị abụọ ka nlekọta ahụike kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, Royal Press Office wepụtara nkwupụta Onye isi ahụ na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ọzọ.

 
Ememe olili ozu nke Prince Bernhard na Delft na 11 Disemba 2004.

N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ Bernhard gara n'ihu na-apụta n'ọsọ ndị agha n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe nke mba na-eme ememe mmeri nke Nazi Germany. Naanị mgbe nwunye ya Juliana nwụrụ na March 2004, Prince ghọrọ nnọọ na-emebi emebi. Ruo oge ikpeazụ ọ bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka ma ọ ga-aga olili ozu eze, bụ nke o mechara nwee ike ịga. O kwuru n'ozi ikpeazụ ya nye ndị otu ya n'agha n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe n'ọnwa Mee na n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'otu afọ ahụ a chọpụtara na ọ nwere ọrịa kansa na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ.

Prince Bernhard nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa akpa ume mgbe ọ dị afọ 93 na Mahadum Medical Center Utrecht na Utrecht na 1 Disemba 2004. Ụbọchị iri ka e mesịrị, e tinyere ya na olili ozu obodo na Nieuwe Kerk, Delft. Olili ozu Bernhard dị iche na nke Prince Claus na Queen Juliana n'ihi na a na-ebufe igbe ozu Bernhard n'ime ụgbọ ala nke ụgbọ ala kama ịbụ n'ụgbọala omenala eji eme mgbe a na-ebuga igbe ozu nke Prince Claus na Queen Juliana na Delft. Tinyere egwu nke ọtụtụ njem agha na nhazi nke ndị nche nsọpụrụ site n'aka ndị agha ụwa nke abụọ nke a nyere ndị na-eme ememe olili ozu ahụ dị ka onye isi ala nwụrụ anwụ, onye agha ụwa nke abụọ, chọrọ. Dị ka ụtụ ikpeazụ maka ọrụ agha mbụ ya na Royal Netherlands Air Force, ndị agha ụgbọ elu F-16 ọgbara ọhụrụ na ụgbọ elu Agha IIwa nke Abụọ Spitfire rụrụ obere ụgbọ elu n'oge olili ozu n'usoro nwoke na-efu efu.

N'omenala a ma ama

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N'ime afọ mgbe Bernhard nwụsịrị akụkọ ndụ ya abụrụla ihe mkpali maka akwụkwọ, ihe nkiri, telivishọn na akwụkwọ ọchị. Na 2010 eziokwu na akụkọ ifo nke ndụ Bernhard e gosiri na a Dutch telivishọn usoro. N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ nke onye nta akụkọ Dutch na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Annejet van der Zijl bipụtara na March 2010, a kpọrọ Bernhard "ọdịda" na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ezinụlọ eze Dutch na "ihe okike nke akụkọ ifo nke ya".

Utu aha, ụdị na nsọpụrụ

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Utu aha

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  • 29 Juun 1911 - 1916: Gụọ Bernhard nke Biesterfeld
  • 1916 - 7 Jenuarị 1937: Onye isi ala ya nke ukwuu Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld
  • 7 Jenụwarị 1937 - 6 Septemba 1948: Onye isi ala ya Prince Bernhard nke Netherlands, Onye isi ala Lippe-Biesterfeld
  • 6 Septemba 1948 – 30 Eprel 1980: Eze Elu ya Onye isi nke
  • 30 Eprel 1980 – 1 Disemba 2004: Royal Highness Prince Bernhard nke Netherlands, Onye isi ala Lippe-Biesterfeld
 
Akara agha nke Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld

Nsọpụrụ

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Nsọpụrụ mba

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  • Onye isi nke William Order
  • Knight Grand Cross nke Order of the Netherlands Lion
  • Knight Grand Cross nke Order of Orange-Nassau
  • Nnukwu Nna Ukwu na Onye Ọchịagha nke Order of the Golden Ark
  • Onye isi nke Order of St. John na Netherlands
  • Onye natara Cross nke Airman
  • Onye natara ihe nrite nke Queen Juliana Inauguration

Nsọpụrụ mba ọzọ

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Ọnọdụ ndị agha

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Ndị agha nke ndị agha nke Netherlands

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Templeeti:Col-begin Templeeti:Col-3

Royal Netherlands Army Date
  Captain 3 December 1936
  Major general 25 May 1942
  Lieutenant general 15 December 1943
  General 3 September 1944

Templeeti:Col-3

Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Date
  Captain 23 August 1940
  Lieutenant general 15 December 1943
  General 3 September 1944

Templeeti:Col-3

Royal Netherlands Navy Date
  Lieutenant commander 3 December 1936
  Captain 23 August 1940
  Rear admiral 25 May 1942
  Vice admiral 15 December 1943
  Lieutenant admiral 3 September 1944

Templeeti:Col-end

Royal Netherlands Air Force Ụbọchị
Onye isi ụgbọelu  27 Machị 1953

Ọkwá ndị agha na-asọpụrụ nke ndị agha mba ọzọ

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Templeeti:Col-begin Templeeti:Col-2

Royal Air Force Date
  Air commodore 4 April 1941
  Air marshal 15 September 1964 [3]

Templeeti:Col-2

Royal New Zealand Air Force Date
  Air commodore 19 August 1946

Templeeti:Col-end 

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Reply to a parliamentary question about the Decoration of Honour (de). Retrieved on 28 November 2012.
  2. ↑ Acović (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik, 645. 
  3. ↑ Templeeti:London Gazette

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Na-arụ ọrụ maka Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld na Open Library
  • Mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere Prince Bernhard nke Lippe-Biesterfeld na 20th Century Press Archives nke ZBW

Templeeti:S-start Templeeti:S-hou Templeeti:S-roy Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-vac Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft Templeeti:S-npo Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-non Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-mil Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-vac Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-vac Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-non Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-non Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-brk Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft

Templeeti:S-endTempleeti:Dutch consortsTempleeti:Dutch princesTempleeti:WWFNTempleeti:RAE honorary members

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Bernhard_nke_Lippe-Biesterfeld&oldid=118980