Pascal Lissouba
Pascal Lissouba (15 Nọvemba 1931 - 24 Ọgọst 2020) [1][2] bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Congo bụ onye mbụ a họpụtara n'ọchịchị onye isi ala nke Republic of Congo wee jee ozi site na 31 August 1992 ruo 25 October 1997. Onye bu ya ụzọ na onye isi ala ugbu a Denis Sassou Nguesso kwaturu ya na agha obodo 1997.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
dezieA mụrụ Lissouba na Tsinguidi, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Congo, nne na nna Bandjabi. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Mossendjo na Boko . [3] Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Brazzaville wee nweta agụmakwụkwọ ya na Lycée Félix Faure na Nice (1948-52), ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ.[3] O wee mụọ Agronomy na École Supérieure d'Agriculture na Tunis wee nweta diploma na injinia ugbo na 1956. Na Mahadum Paris (1958-61) ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctoral na biology.[4] Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi ibe ya na National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) na Paris na na ORSTOM. Na June 1961, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha na ORSTOM. A họpụtara ya onye nkuzi na ihe ọmụmụ ihe ọkụkụ site na iwu nke Ministri na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ mba France na 3 Nọvemba 1961.[3]
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
dezieNa mbụ ọ bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo (1962-63), ebe ọ laghachiri na 1962. [3] Mana ikike ya mere ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Ọrụ Ugbo, Anụ, Mmiri, na Ọhịa na 16 Ọgọst 1963 [3] rue 1966 wee bụrụ onye isi ala (1963–66) n'okpuru Onye isi ala Alphonse Massamba-Débat.[5] A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Steeti maka Atụmatụ, mgbe ahụ maka Ọrụ Ugbo (1968-1969), tupu gọọmentị achụpụ ya.[5] Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na-ahụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na Mahadum Brazzaville (1966-1971) ma mesịa bụrụ onye nduzi nke Ecole Supérieure des Sciences na 1970. [5] Mgbe a kwaturu Massamba-Débat na 1968 Lissouba nọgidere na ọchịchị n'okpuru Marien Ngouabi na agbanyeghị na a kwụsịtụrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na 1969 ruo 1971 ọ nọ na Central Committee of Congolese Workers Party na 1973.
N'afọ 1977, e boro ya ebubo na ọ na-etinye aka na ogbugbu nke Ngouabi ma jide ya. A mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ndụ ya niile na ịrụ ọrụ ike n'afọ 1977.[5] A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ 1979 mana ọ gara biri na France site n'afọ 1979. Na France, ọ bụ prọfesọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa [5]na Mahadum Paris wee rụọ ọrụ na UNESCO na Paris na Nairobi. Mgbe a manyere Onye isi ala Denis Sassou Nguesso ịkwaga Congo gaa n'ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1991, Lissouba laghachiri na February 1992.[5] ma bụrụkwa onye a họpụtara ịbụ onyeisi oche na ntuli aka nke August 1992. O nwetara 36% nke votu dị ka onye isi otu Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale, UPADS). N'ọsọ nke Bernard Kolelas nke abụọ, Lissouba nwetara 61% nke votu.
Ọgba aghara na agha obodo
dezieOtú ọ dị, esemokwu malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya. Otu otu ndị mmegide na ndị agha ha boro Lissouba ebubo na ọ na-eme ntuliaka. E gbochiri agha obodo zuru ebe nile mgbe Gabon na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ịdị n’Otu Africa tinyere aka, ma ọgụ a na-enwe n’oge ụfọdụ gara n’ihu ruo Jenụwarị 1995. [citation needed]
Agha bidoro ọzọ na June 1997 mgbe Lissouba sonyeere ndị agha na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye onye bụbu onye isi ala Col. Denis Sassou Nguesso nke Congolese Labor Party (PCT) na Brazzaville, na-ebo onye bụbu onyeisi ala ebubo ịnwa iwe ọchịchị. Otú ọ dị, Sassou Nguesso nwere ike ịgbapụ ma mee mmeghachi omume.[6]Otu a ka agha obodo were ọnwa 4 si malite nke mebiri ma ọ bụ mebie ọtụtụ isi obodo ahụ. Ná mmalite October 1997, ndị agha Angola wakporo Congo n'akụkụ Sassou. Ọtụtụ n'ime Brazzaville dara n'aka nnupụisi na ndị agha Angola na 14 October 1997, na Lissouba gbapụrụ; N'ime ụbọchị abụọ isi obodo ahụ nọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke ndị agha na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Sassou Nguesso, na Pointe-Noire dara na obere nguzogide.[7]Sassou Nguesso kpọsara onwe ya Onye isi ala na 25 October 1997, mana ndị agha amị na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Lissouba gara n'ihu na agha okpuru. Egburu okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Kongo-Ocean dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Pointe-Noire, ma mebie Brazzaville nke ukwuu tupu ekwenye na nkwụsị ọkụ na December 1999. [citation needed]
Ịgba ọsọ ndụ na ikpe
dezieMgbe a kwaturu ya, Lissouba biri na London n'agha. O bu n'obi ịlaghachi na Congo maka ntuli aka 2002, ma na December 2001, a nwara ya na-anọghị na Brazzaville, ma mara ya ikpe maka afọ 30 mmanye ọrụ maka aghụghọ na nrụrụ aka, metụtara nkwekọrịta mmanụ $ 150 nde na ụlọ ọrụ America Occidental Petroleum.[8] Kemgbe afọ 2004, ọ bi na Paris na mba ọzọ.[3]
Ndụ onwe onye
dezieỌ lụrụ Annette Chantegreil nke mbụ, wee lụọ Jocelyne Rosdam, onye mba France ma bụrụ nna nke ụmụ iri na otu. Nwa ya nwanyị nke okenye, Mireille Lissouba, bụ onye isi ndị ọrụ ya site na 1993 ruo 1996, ebe nwa ya nwanyị nke nta, Danielle Bineka bụ prọfesọ mahadum na onye edemede, ha abụọ chụpụrụ ugbu a na Canada. Nne ya, Marie Bouanga nwụrụ na 1996.[3]
Ọnwụ
dezieLissouba nwụrụ na Perpignan, France, na 24 August 2020, [9] n'ihi nsogbu sitere na Ọrịa Alzheimer, mgbe ọ dị afọ 88. [10]
Hụkwa
dezie- Maurice Mavoungou
- Ferdinand Mbahou
- Agha Obodo nke Republic of Congo
- Njikọ Pan-African maka Ọchịchị Ọchịchị
Ihe odide
dezie- ↑ "L'Ancien président congolais Pascal Lissouba est mort", Le Monde.fr, 24 August 2020.
- ↑ Congo-Brazzaville : l'ancien président Pascal Lissouba est décédé en France – Jeune Afrique.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Liste des présidents de la République du Congo Brazzaville (fr). Consulate General of Congo in Tunis (17 August 2014). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Liste des présidents de la République du Congo Brazzaville2014" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ (2010) Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-33770-9.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Pascal Lissouba, le président sortant (fr). Humanité (9 June 1997). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Pascal Lissouba, le président sortant1997" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Howard W. French. "Army Fights Rebel Force To Control Brazzaville", The New York Times, 10 June 1997. Retrieved on 15 December 2008.
- ↑ Howard W. French. "Rebels, Backed by Angola, Take Brazzaville and Oil Port", The New York Times, 16 October 1997. Retrieved on 16 December 2008.
- ↑ "Congolese ex-leader guilty of treason", BBC News, 29 December 2001. Retrieved on 15 December 2008.
- ↑ Ex-Congo President Pascal Lissouba Dies At 88. Sellbeta (24 August 2020). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved on 24 August 2020.
- ↑ Former Congolese President Pascal Lissouba passed away at 88 in France. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved on 24 August 2020.
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