Wikipedia

Owu swab

Cotton swabs (American English) ma ọ bụ cotton buds (British English) bụ ụgbụ owuwe ihe ubi a na-ekpuchi gburugburu mkpara dị mkpirikpi nke e ji osisi, akwụkwọ a tụgharịrị atụgharị, ma ọ bụ plastik mee. A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe maka ihicha ntị, ọ bụ ezie na ndị dọkịta anaghị atụ aro nke a. Ojiji ndị ọzọ maka akwa owu na-ama gụnyere Enyemaka mbụ, itinye ihe ntecha, ihicha, nlekọta ụmụaka na ọrụ aka. Mba ụfọdụ amachibido ụdị osisi plastik iji kwado ihe ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi n'ihi nchegbu banyere Mmetọ mmiri.

Ihe owuwu

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Akara nke 54 Q-tips

Onye Poland-America Leo Gerstenzang mepụtara ihe owuwu owuwe ihe ubi mbụ a na-emepụta n'ọtụtụ n'afọ 1923 mgbe ọ hụchara nwunye ya ka ọ na-etinye ihe owuwe ihe nkiri na mkpịsị ezé iji sachaa ntị nwa ọhụrụ ha. [1][2]A na-akpọ ngwaahịa ya "Baby Gays" na mbụ iji kwado na a na-ezube ha maka ụmụ ọhụrụ tupu a gbanwee aha ya "Q-tips Baby Gays", na "Q" na-anọchite anya "àgwà". Ngwaahịa ahụ mechara bụrụ nke a maara dị ka "Q-tips", nke gara n'ihu bụrụ aha a na-ere n'ọtụtụ ebe nke swabs owuwe ihe ubi na North America. A na-ejikarị okwu "Q-tip" eme ihe dị ka akara ahịa maka swab owuwe ihe ubi na United States na Canada. [2]Unilever nwere akara Q-tips ma nwee ihe karịrị $ 200 nde na ahịa US na 2014. [3]"Johnson's buds" bụ nke Johnson & Johnson mere.

Otú ọ dị, dị ka United States Patent Case (C-10,415) Q-Tips, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson, 108 F. Supp. 845 (D.N.J. 1952) , ọ ga-apụta na onye mbụ na-emepụta ihe eji eme ihe eji emepụta ihe eji eme ákwà bụ Mrs. Hazel Tietjen Forbis, onye rụrụ ha n'ụlọ ya. O nwekwara ikike ikike n'isiokwu ahụ, nke nọmba ya bụ 1,652,108, nke e dere na Disemba 6, 1927, ma ree ngwaahịa ahụ n'okpuru aha Baby Nose-Gay. [4]N'afọ 1925, Leo Gerstenzang Co., Inc. zụrụ ọrụ nke patent ngwaahịa site n'aka Mrs. Forbis. Na Jenụwarị 2, 1937, onye isi oche Q-Tips, Inc, Maazị Leo Gerstenzang, na nwunye ya Oriakụ Ziuta Gerstenzanga guzobere mmekọrịta ma zụta n'aka Oriakụ Forbis "Ihe niile, igwe na ngwa dị ugbu a n'ụlọ 132 W. 36th Street ma jiri Q-Tips, Inc., mee ihe maka imepụta Q-Typ ma ọ bụ swabs ọgwụ na akaụntụ ndị a na-enweta nke Q-Tipu, Inc.[5]

Na mbụ, mgbe Mrs. Forbis mere ndị na-achọ ihe owuwu, a na-ere ha n'okpuru aha Baby Nose-Gays. [6]N'afọ 1925, mgbe The Leo Gerstenzang Co., Inc. zụrụ ọrụ nke patent ngwaahịa site n'aka Mrs. Forbis, a na-akpọ ngwugwu nke ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ Baby-Gays. N'afọ 1926, a gbanwere akụkọ ahụ ka ọ gụọ "Q-Tips Baby Gays", na 1927 e mere ngwa iji debanye aha akara "Q- Tips Baby Gay". Oge ụfọdụ mgbe 1926, e wepụrụ okwu "Baby Gays" ma nchegbu ahụ malitere ịzụlite "Q-Tips" dị ka akara njirimara ya, na-etinye akwụkwọ maka ndebanye aha ya na Septemba 14, 1933. A na-eji akwụkwọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ emepụta ngwugwu na foto nke ndị na-etinye akwụkwọ abụọ n'elu ha, atụmatụ ndị bụ ihe ndabere maka akara Q Tips kemgbe oge ahụ. E mere atụmatụ nke crossed applicators site na ịtọpụ ha wee see foto nke a na-emepụta. "Q" na Q-Tips nọchiri anya "àgwà", ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ kwenyere na ọ bụ iji mee ka ọ dị ka "ọnụ dị mma".[7][8]

Nkọwa

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  1. ↑ Schueller (1996). Cotton Swab. How Products are Made. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 About: A Q-Tips® Cotton Swabs History. Unilever United States (2007–2018).
  3. ↑ Fitzgerald. "How a household staple became the source of doctor's office swab stories", The Toronto Star, 24 January 2016. Retrieved on 24 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Patent filed : No: 1,652,108 : H. T. Forbis. Patentimages.storage.googleapis.com (December 6, 1927). Retrieved on July 23, 2022.
  5. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named law.justia.com
  6. ↑ Meyersohn (2022-06-25). How we got addicted to using Q-tips the wrong way (en). CNN Business. Retrieved on 2023-07-02.
  7. ↑ Why are they called q-tips when they don't look like the letter Q (en-US). abc10.com (October 24, 2018). Retrieved on 2023-07-02.
  8. ↑ Benson Smith (2021-03-29). What Exactly Does the 'Q' in 'Q-tips' Stand For? (en-US). Reader's Digest. Retrieved on 2023-07-02.

Ogwe owuwe ihe ubi ọdịnala nwere otu isi na aka osisi, a ka na-ejikarị ha eme ihe, ọkachasị na ntọala ahụike. Ha na-adịkarị ogologo, ihe dị ka sentimita iri. A na-ejikarị ihe ndị a eme ihe na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, otu ma ọ bụ abụọ na akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ aka plastik. Uru nke aka akwụkwọ na aka osisi bụ na enwere ike ịpị ngwugwu ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ọcha (aka plastik ma ọ bụ aka ga-agbaze na autoclave).

Ogwe aka a na-emepụta maka iji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ na-adịkarị mkpụmkpụ, ihe dị ka 2.5 sentimita (6.4 n'ogologo, ma na-enwekarị isi abụọ. A na-eji osisi eme ihe mbụ, mgbe ahụ, e ji akwụkwọ a tụgharịrị atụgharị mee ya, nke ka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị (ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikwa plastik tubular eme ihe). A na-erekarị ha n'ụba, 100 ma ọ bụ karịa na akpa.

Jiri

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Ụdị wax na-ede mmiri na swab owuwe ihe ubi

Ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka akwa owuwe ihe ubi bụ iji kpochaa ọwa ntị site n'iwepụ wax ntị. A na-ejikarị akwa owuwe ihe ubi eme ihe maka itinye na iwepu ihe ntecha, yana maka iji ụlọ eme ihe dị ka ihicha na nka na ọrụ aka. Ha dịkwa mfe maka imetụ mbọ na-egbuke egbuke nke na-abanye na akpụkpọ ahụ gbara ya gburugburu.

A na-ejikarị ụdị swabs ọgwụ eme ihe iji were microbiological cultures. A na-agbanye swabs n'elu ma ọ bụ n'ime ebe butere ọrịa, wee hichaa ya n'ofe ihe ọkụkụ, dị ka efere agar, ebe nje bacteria sitere na swab nwere ike itolite. A na-ejikwa ha were ihe nlele DNA, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe site na ịkpụ mkpụrụ ndụ site na ntì dị n'ime n'ihe gbasara ụmụ mmadụ. Enwere ike iji ha tinye ọgwụ na mpaghara a chọrọ, iji wepụ ihe site na mpaghara a kara aka, ma ọ bụ itinye ihe nhicha dị ka Betadin. A na-ejikwa ha dị ka ihe na-etinye ihe ntecha dị iche iche, mmanụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Mpaghara metụtara ya bụ iji swabs maka nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi. Ozugbo e were ya, enwere ike itinye swab ahụ n'elu efere agar, ma ọ bụ ihe dị n'ọnụ ya wepụrụ site na ịfụ ụfụ ma ọ bụ ịgbasa ya n'ime broth. Enwere ike ịsacha broth ma ọ bụ incubate ma nyochaa ya maka uto microbial.[1]

A na-ejikarị akwa akwa na-abụghị nke ịdị ọcha onwe onye:

  • A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'ịrụ ihe nlereanya plastik, maka ngwa dị iche iche n'oge itinye decals ma ọ bụ eserese. Ụdị pụrụ iche nke akwa akwa dị maka nzube a, nke a na-eji isi owuwe ihe ubi siri ike na ọdịdị dịgasị iche iche nke isi ndị ahụ mara.
  • Enwere ike iji ha mee ihe na ule dyne maka ịlele ike elu. Ojiji a bụ nsogbu, ebe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche na njikọ ha na-eji edozi ogho na ogwe osisi, na-emetụta nsonaazụ nke ule ahụ.[2]
  • A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe maka ịsacha anya laser diode nke anya na njikọ ya na ịfụ ụfụfụ. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-eji ha eme ihe maka ihicha akụkụ kọmputa buru ibu dị ka kaadị vidiyo na ndị na-akwado ya. A na-ejikwa ha mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'oge gara aga iji kpochaa cartridges egwuregwu vidio.

ihe ize ndụ ahụike

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Ihe eji akwa akwa n'ime akpa dị gburugburu

Ojiji nke akwa ogho n'ime ọwara ntị enweghị uru ọgwụgwọ metụtara ya ma na-eweta ihe ize ndụ ọgwụgwọ doro anya. [3][4]Cerumen (mkpụrụ ntị) bụ ihe na-apụta n'okike, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke na-echebe akpụkpọ ahụ n'ime ntị, na-arụ ọrụ mmanụ na nhicha bara uru, ma na-enye nchebe ụfọdụ pụọ na nje bacteria, fungus, ụmụ ahụhụ, na mmiri.[5][6]

Mgbalị iji wepụ cerumen na akwa ogho nwere ike ịkpata Mmetụta cerumen, mkpokọta ma ọ bụ mgbochi nke cerumen na ọwara ntị, nke nwere ike ịta mgbu, nsogbu ịnụ ihe, ụda na ntị, ma ọ bụ isi ọwụwa, ma nwee ike ịchọ ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ iji dozie. [3]Ojiji nke akwa ogho n'ime ọwara ntị bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na-akpata oghere oghere, ọnọdụ nke na-achọ ịwa ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ iji dozie.[7]

Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2004 chọpụtara na "iji ihe na-etinye ihe na-eme ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ehicha ntị yiri ka ọ bụ isi ihe na-akpata otitis externa n'ime ụmụaka ma kwesịkwa izere ya. " Kama nke ahụ, iji ákwà ịsa ahụ kpochaa wax site na ntị mgbe ịsa ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị ọcha otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọwa ntị, ebe a na-eme wax ntị. [8][9]Na US n'etiti afọ 1990 na 2010, e mere atụmatụ na ụmụaka 263,338 gara n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka mmerụ ahụ na-eme ka ụmụaka 13,167 nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ kwa afọ.[10]

Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi

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A na-agbakarị akwa akwa plastik n'ime ụlọ mposi, na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke Mmetọ mmiri dịkwuo elu. Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ere ahịa akwụsịla mmepụta na ire swabs plastik ma na-ere naanị ụdị akwụkwọ biodegradable.[11]

The European Union instated a ban on the use of pla.[12] Italy had previously instated a ban in 2019[13] a20.[14] England,[15] Scotland,[16],[17][18]

Hụkwa

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  • Ogwe owuwe ihe ubi
  • Ntị ntụrụndụ

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Sandle, T. (July 2011). "A study of a new type of swab for the environmental monitoring of isolators and cleanrooms". European Journal of Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16 (2): 42–48. 
  2. ↑ Edward Boyle (1 September 1996). Taking the measure of surface treatment is a learning process. PFFC: Paper, Film & Foil Converter. Retrieved on 20 March 2010.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 American Academy of Family Physicians (May 2007). "Information from Your Family Doctor—Earwax: What You Should Know". American Family Physician 75 (10): 1530. PMID 17555145. 
  4. ↑ Why You Really, Truly Should Not Put Q-Tips Into Your Ears. commonhealth. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved on 6 March 2016.
  5. ↑ McCarter (May 2007). "Cerumen Impaction". American Family Physician 75 (10): 1523–1528. PMID 17555144. Retrieved on 5 September 2012. 
  6. ↑ Earwax at the American Hearing Research Foundation. Chicago, Illinois 2008.
  7. ↑ Smith (February 2012). "Otologic complications of cotton swab use: One institution's experience". The Laryngoscope 122 (2): 409–411. DOI:10.1002/lary.22437. PMID 22241624. 
  8. ↑ Nussinovitch (April 2004). "Cotton-tip applicators as a leading cause of otitis externa". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 68 (4): 433–435. DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.11.014. PMID 15013609. Retrieved on 5 September 2012. 
  9. ↑ "Don't use cotton-tipped swabs to clean inside your ears, experts urge", CBC News, 9 January 2018. Retrieved on 10 January 2018. (in en-CA)
  10. ↑ Ameen (1 May 2017). "Pediatric Cotton-Tip Applicator-Related Ear Injury Treated in United States Emergency Departments, 1990–2010". The Journal of Pediatrics 186: 124–130. DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.049. PMID 28473166. Retrieved on 10 May 2017. 
  11. ↑ Johnston. "Johnson & Johnson will stop selling plastic cotton buds in half the world to help cut marine pollution", The Independent, 13 February 2017. Retrieved on 26 November 2006.
  12. ↑ Moore, Darrel (28 March 2019). European Parliament Approves Law To Ban Single-Use Plastics. CIWM Journal Online. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved on 30 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Italy to ban microplastics used in rinse-off cosmetics products.
  14. ↑ Combating Plastics in Monaco: On 1 January, Plastic Cotton Buds, Cups, Cutlery and Plates wereBanned (6 January 2020).
  15. ↑ "Ban on plastic straws in England pushed back to October 2020", 22 May 2019. (in en-GB)
  16. ↑ "Plastic-stemmed cotton buds now banned in Scotland", BBC News, 12 October 2019.
  17. ↑ Wales unveils plans to ban single-use plastics from 2021 (19 March 2020).
  18. ↑ Manx government proposes ban on single-use plastics. BBC News (24 July 2019).
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