osikapa na-acha ọcha bụ osikapa a na-egwere egweri nke ewepụrụ mkpo ya, brọn, na mmetụta ya.  Nke a na-agbanwe, ndị na-amị nke osikapa ma na-enyere aka isi, na-agụnye ndụ nchekwa ya, ma na-eme ka ọ gbanye mfe ịgbari.  Mgbe a na-egweri ya, a na-eme ka osikapa ahụ dị ọcha, na-emepe elele na-echeta, na-acha ọcha, na.

Osikapa ọcha e siri esi

Usoro igwe na polishing na- ndụ ihe na-edozi ahụ.  Nri na-ahụ mma nke faisi na ọcha na-anya enriched na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ndị na-arịa ọrịa 1" href="./Beriberi" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Beriberi">  beriberi, n'ihi ụkọ thiamine (vitamin B1).  osikapa ọcha B1, B3, na ire mgbe mmemme kesara ya n'akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ na-enye uru, ma ọ bụ mba ọzọ.[3][4] Dị ka ọ dị na nri niile sitere n'okike,  ihe na-edozi ahụ nke osikapa na-adịtụ iche dabere na ụdị, ọnọdụ ala, gburugburu ebe obibi obibi na ụdị fatịlaịza.

A nabatara ya ụzọ osikapa na-acha nchara nchara na ọkara nke abụọ nke mbụ nke apụ nke 19 n'ihi na ndị egwuregwu ya n'anya, osikapa ọcha emeela ka ọrịa beriberi na-efe efe na Eshia..[1][2]

N'oge dị iche iche, ndị na apụ nke iri na ndị, a na-akwado osikapa na-acha nchara nchara na ọka ndị ọzọ dị ka Osikapa dị ka ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma.[1][2]  Bran na osikapa na-acha nchara nchara nwere eriri nri dị mkpa na germ nwere ọtụtụ vitamin na mineral.[3]

Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, 100 gram nke osikapa a na-esighị esi na-emepụta ihe dị ka 240 ruo 260 gram nke ọka e siri esi, ọdịiche dị n'ibu bụ n'ihi mmiri a na-esi esi nri.

Ịcha osikapa

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Tupu igwe igwe igwe, a na-egwere osikapa site na usoro aka na-akụ nnukwu ụrọ na ụdị ihe eji eme ihe.  Ụfọdụ nke a Walesre n'otu nke ahụ, mana site na igwe igwe igwe nwere ike ọtụtụ ihe.  Na pre afu nke 19, e ibu igwe dị iche iche dị ka Huller & Sheller Mills (1870) na Engelberg Milling Machine (1890).  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1955, e akwụkwọ ozi ọrụ ọhụrụ na Japan nke mgbakọre ogo na ikike ikike. [4]

Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ

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  Ọ bụ ezie na osikapa na-acha nchara nchara na osikpa na-acha ọcha nwere calorie na carbohydrates yiri nke ahụ, osikapa nchara bụ isi iyi dị ukwuu nke ihe oriri niile ma e jiri ya tụnyere osikapa ọcha na-enweghị ọgaranya. Osikapa na-acha nchara nchara bụ osikapa zuru oke nke a na-ewepụ naanị mkpo (nke kachasị n'èzí). Iji mepụta osikapa ọcha, a na-ewepụ akwa brani na nje ahụ, na-ahapụkarị endosperm starchy. Usoro a na-akpata mbelata ma ọ bụ mbelata zuru oke nke ọtụtụ vitamin na mineral nri. A na-agbakwunye ihe oriri na-efu efu, dị ka vitamin B1 na B3, na iron, mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime osikapa ọcha, usoro a na-akpọ Enrichment.[5] Ọbụna na mbelata nke ihe na-edozi ahụ, osikapa ọcha na-enweghị enriched ka bụ ezigbo isi iyi nke Manganese ma nwee obere ihe na-eri nri ndị ọzọ dị ka pantothenic acid na selenium.[6][7]

Hụkwa

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  1. (July 2010) "British India and the "beriberi problem", 1798–1942". Medical History 54 (3): 295–314. DOI:10.1017/s0025727300004622. PMID 20592882. 
  2. Cavanagh. "Why Billions Eat Unhealthy Rice and Shouldn't", Institute for Policy Studies, 2011-03-09. Retrieved on 2018-06-01.
  3. Difference between white and brown rice. reComparison.
  4. Zhang (2019). Explorations in the History and Heritage of Machines and Mechanisms. Springer, 90–94. ISBN 9783030035389. 
  5. Enriched rice. US Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved on 2021-04-06.
  6. Rice, white, long-grain, regular, raw, unenriched. USDA (1 April 2019). Retrieved on 6 April 2021.
  7. Rice, brown, long-grain, raw. USDA (1 April 2019). Retrieved on 6 April 2021.

Ihe odide

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