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Onye na-egbu egbu

 

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Wouter Basson
Born(1950-07-06) 6 Julaị 1950
Onye na-egbu egbu
mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịSouth Africa Dezie
aha enyereWouter Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya6 Julaị 1950 Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee Dezie
ọrụ ọ na-arụcardiologist Dezie
ụdị ọrụ yacardiology Dezie
onye were ọrụSouth African Defence Force Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọMilnerton High School Dezie

[1] Basson (amụrụ na 6 Julaị 1950) bụ onye South African cardiologist na onye bụbu onye isi nke ọrụ nzuzo nke mba ahụ, Project Coast, n'oge Oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. [2]'ịbụ onye ndị nta akụkọ kpọrọ "Dr. Death" maka ihe a na-ebo ya na South Africa, a tọhapụrụ Basson na 2002 n'ebubo 67, mgbe a kwụsịrị ya n'ọrụ agha ya na ụgwọ zuru ezu na 1999. [1]

[3]'etiti ebubo ndị ọzọ, a na-ebo Basson ebubo na ọ na-enye "ihe na-egbu egbu atọ nke ihe na-eme ka ahụ dị ike nke e ji mee ihe n'oge Operation Duel (iwepụ ndị SWAPO na ndị otu South African Defence Force [SADF] bụ ndị na-eyi ọrụ nzuzo nke South Africa egwu). [4] Akụkọ United Nations "Project Coast: Apartheid's Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme."[1] na-akọwa ihe ọṅụṅụ atọ dị ka ketamine, succinylcholine, na tubecurarine.[3]

[5]'afọ 2021, mkpughe na ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ Ọgwụ Western Cape Mediclinic kpatara nkụda mmụọ na ngagharị iwe megide ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Ọrụ Coast

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  Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe Basson na-arụ ọrụ ka bụ ihe nzuzo. A maara na n'afọ 1981, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka dọkịta onwe onye nye onye isi ala P. W. Botha, onye dọkịta na-ahụ maka ịwa ahụ nke mba ahụ goro Basson ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ma guzobe 7 Medical Battalion Group, otu ọkachamara nke South African Military Health Service. Ọrụ ya bụ ịnakọta ozi gbasara ikike agha kemịkalụ na nke nje nke mba ndị ọzọ n'okpuru aha Project Coast. Mgbe akụkọ mbụ ya gasịrị, Basson ghọrọ onye isi ọrụ ma malite ịrụ ọrụ na ikike nke ngwá agha kemịkal na nke nje na mba ahụ. Ọ natara ihe dị ka ndị nchọpụta 200 site na gburugburu ụwa ma nata ego kwa afọ nke ruru nde $ 10. N'afọ 1982, a na-ebo Basson ebubo na ọ haziri igbu ndị mkpọrọ 200 nke SWAPO na Operation Duel . [6]

N'afọ ndị 1980 Basson na ọrụ ahụ na-ekwu na ha na-etinye aka na mwakpo na igbu ọchụ megide ndị otu na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ndị isi na South Africa, Angola na Namibia kwukwara na a na-eji kemịkal ndị dị ize ndụ karịa maka ịchịkwa ìgwè mmadụ na mba ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị kwuru na ọ bụghị ya ma kwuo na a na'iji ngwá agha kemịkal mee ihe megide ndị agha South Africa. Basson nyere Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) kemịkal na-egbu egbu iji megide ndị a ma ama na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Basso[7] gara n'ihu na-eme njem n'ụwa niile iji chịkọta ozi gbasara mmemme agha kemịkal na nke nje ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ebute ụzọ, ikekwe maka ịsa ego.

Mgbe F. W. de Klerk ghọrọ onye isi ala na 1990, o nyere iwu ka a kwụsị mmepụta nke kemịkal ma bibie ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. Basson lekwasịrị anya na kemịkal na-adịghị egbu egbu na kemịl ndị gọọmentị machibidoghị. Nke ahụ gụnyere nnukwu ecstasy na Mandrax nke o doro anya na a na-ebupụ ma ọ bụ na-ekwu na ọ na-ere ndị na-ere ọgwụ ọjọọ na obodo ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mmegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ (cf. Basson brownies). Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihe onwunwe ahụ lara n'iyi mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ahụ mechara kwuo na ha kwenyere na a ga-eji ya mepụta gas na-egbu egbu. Na Jenụwarị 1992, ndị agha FRELIMO rụrụ ọrụ n'akụkụ ókèala South Africa. N'oge ọrụ ahụ, a na-ekwu na ha gosipụtara ihe e chere na ọ bụ kemịkal. Ụfọdụ [8]'ime ndị agha ahụ nwụrụ n'oge ihe ahụ mere na ndị ọzọ chọrọ ka a kpọga ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Nnyocha nke United Nations, United States na United Kingdom chọpụtara ya dị ka ihe na-emetụta akwara BZ. US na Britain malitere ịmanye gọọmentị South Africa na Jenụwarị 1993 ka a kwụsịrị Project Coast. Basson lara ezumike nká n'ụzọ iwu ma were ya n'ọrụ iji kpochapụ ọrụ ahụ, a na-ekwukwa na ọ ritere uru mgbe ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị n'ihu South Africa bụ ndị nweere onwe ha. Nnyocha gọọmentị mechara chọpụta na e nwere ọtụtụ kemịkal na ndị na-emepụta ihe efuola.

Nnyocha TRC

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N'afọ 1993, Office of Serious Economic Offences (OSEO) malitere inyocha azụmahịa Basson na nyocha nyocha nyocha afọ asaa. N'afọ 1995, gọọmentị South Africa goro Basson ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Transnet, ụlọ ọrụ njem na akụrụngwa na ikekwe maka ọrụ nzuzo ndị ọzọ. Gọọmentị US na UK na-enyo enyo na n'oge ọ gara Libya n'etiti afọ 1993 na 1995, Basson nwere ike ire ihe nzuzo nke ngwá agha kemịkal na nke nje. N'afọ 1995, gọọmentị Nelson Mandela were Basson n'ọrụ dị ka dọkịta na-awa ahụ n'agha, nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'ihi nrụgide US na UK na ikekwe n'ihi na gọọmentị chọrọ ile ya anya.

N'afọ 1996, Kọmitii Eziokwu na Mmekọrịta nke South Africa (TRC) malitere inyocha SADF ma kpebie na ndị agha nwere ike iji nsí na-egbu egbu megide ndị na-eme ihe omume ANC. Basson nwere njikọ na ọtụtụ n'ime mwakpo ndị a. N'afọ 1997, CIA gwara gọọmentị South Africa na Basson bu n'obi ịhapụ mba ahụ. Mgbe e jidere Basson n'ọgba aghara na Pretoria n'afọ 1997, ya na ya nwere otu puku mbadamba ecstasy. N'oge ahụ, o nwere ọtụtụ narị akwụkwọ nzuzo Project Coast n'ụgbọala ya. TRC malitere inyocha Project Coast nke mere ka ha chee na Basson rere ihe nzuzo ya na gọọmentị nke mba ndị dị ka Libya na Iraq. N'afọ 1997, ha rịọrọ enyemaka nke Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa (NIZA) nke a gụnyere akụkọ nyocha ya na Truth Commission Files.

N'otu oge ahụ, Office for Serious Economic Offences, National Intelligence Agency (NIA) na Gauteng Attorney-General's Special Investigation Team nyochara ihe omume Basson. Esemokwu nke ọdịmma mere ka nyocha nke Commission belata mana TRC nwetara ozi ndị ọzọ site na OSEO. Basso[1] pụtara n'ihu TRC na 31 Julaị 1998 ma nye ihe akaebe maka awa 12. bụ ezie na ndị ọka iwu ya na-akpaghasị ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ mgbe niile na usoro iwu, Kọmitii ahụ kpebiri na Basson bụ onye isi na-eme mkpebi na Project Coast ma kwesịkwa ikpe.

Ikpe

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Ikpe Basson malitere na 4 Ọktoba 1999 na Pretoria. N'oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi South Africa kpọrọ ya "Dr Death". Basson chere ebubo iri isii na asaa ihu, gụnyere inwe ọgwụ ọjọọ, Ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ, wayo na mmefu ego nke ngụkọta nke R36,000,000, igbu ọchụ 229 na nkata igbu ọchukwu na izu ohi. Basson jụrụ ịchọ mgbaghara n'aka Truth Commission. Ndị na-ebo ebubo gosipụtara ndị akaebe 153, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ikpe ahụ malitere imegide ha. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1999, onye ọka ikpe Willie Hartzenberg jụrụ ebubo isii dị mkpa, gụnyere ebubo igbu ọchụ anọ na ikere òkè na ọnwụ 200 na Namibia, n'ihi na o kwuru na ụlọ ikpe South Africa enweghị ike ikpe mpụ ndị e mere na mba ndị ọzọ. A gụnyekwara Basson na mgbaghara Namibia nke afọ 1989. Hartzenberg wepụrụ ikpe ahụ izu abụọ. Mgbe ọnwa 18 nke ikpe gasịrị, ọ belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ ebubo ruo 46.

Basson kpọrọ naanị otu onye akaebe - onwe ya. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2001, Basson malitere inye ihe akaebe nke ya, na-ekwu okwu ụbọchị iri anọ. O kwuru na ọ mụtara banyere ngwá agha na-ebibi ihe site n'aka Saddam Hussein, na o nweere onwe ya ịchịkwa ọrụ ahụ nakwa na ya na gọọmentị mba ọzọ gbanwere ozi. N'ụzọ nkà na ụzụ, ihe ahụ niile bụ iwu. Ndị na-agbachitere ya kwuru na Basson kwesịrị inwe nnwere onwe maka ihe ọ bụla mere na Namibia. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2002, Ọkàikpe Hartzenberg jụrụ ebubo niile fọdụrụnụ megide Basson ma tọhapụ ya. Na mkpebi ikpe ya, onye ọka ikpe ahụ kpọrọ ikpe steeti ahụ "nke kewara ekewa na nke na-agbagwoju anya", nakwa na ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị isi, na-enwe olileanya ime ka ụlọ ikpe kwenye na ikpe mara Basson n'ụzọ nke na-erughị ụkpụrụ "n'enweghị obi abụọ ezi uche". Ọkàikpe Hartze[9] gara n'ihu na-agbakwụnye na steeti ahụ yiri ka ọ kpebiri ihe eziokwu ahụ bụ ma gbaa ụlọ ikpe ume ka ha ghara ikwere ihe ọ bụla megidere nsụgharị nke eziokwu nke steeti ahụ. Ikpe ahụ were ọnwa iri atọ. Steeti ahụ gbalịrị ịrịọ arịrịọ maka ikpe ahụ n'ihi enweghị ezi iwu, mana Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Mkpegharị Ikpe jụrụ inye iwu ka e kpee ikpe ọzọ na 2003, nzọụkwụ echekwara maka arịrịọ ndị na-enweghị ohere ịga nke ọma.   [citation needed]

Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, Basson gara n'ihu na-eme njem n'ụwa niile dị ka ọkà okwu ọbịa, ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke ya. N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2005, otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Switzerland jụrụ ya ajụjụ banyere azụmahịa iwu na-akwadoghị na ngwá agha na ngwá agha nuklia ma gwa gọọmentị South Africa ka ha kwụsị iso ya rụkọọ ọrụ.   [<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2018)">clarification needed</span>] 

Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, Ụlọikpe Iwu, ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu nke South Africa, kagburu mkpebi ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. [10] kpebiri na mpụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha mere n'èzí mba ahụ nwere ike ikpe ikpe na South Africa. Kemgbe ahụ, National Prosecuting Authority amalitebeghị ikpe megide Basson maka mpụ megide mmadụ.

Ikpe nke HPCSA

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N'afọ 2006, Kansụl Ọrụ Ahụike nke South Africa (HPCSA) malitere usoro nke ya nke nyocha omume Basson. E dere akwụkwọ ebubo ma malite nyocha ahụ na Nọvemba 2007. [11] [12]'ime ebubo asaa e boro Basson, ebubo anọ zuru ezu ka dị mgbe HPCSA wepụrụ ebubo abụọ na akụkụ nke ebubo nke atọ megide ya.

Na 10 Mee 2010, a jụrụ arịrịọ Wouter Basson na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke South Africa. Arịrịọ ahụ e tinyere n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu gbalịrị ka ebubo ndị ahụ dị ka ndị iwu na-akwadoghị, ndị na-enweghị isi na ndị na-ezighị ezi. Onye ọka ikpe ahụ chọpụtara [13] ọ nweghị ihe akaebe na-atụ aro na kansụl ahụ nwere ajọ mbunobi ma ọ bụ ajọ mbunobe megide dọkịta ahụ.

N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2013, HPCSA chọpụtara na ikpe mara Basson maka omume na-abụghị nke ọkachamara na ebubo anọ. [14] Na 4 June 2014 e yigharịrị usoro ikpe ikpe n'ihi enweghị onye ọka iwu.

N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019, afọ isii mgbe kọmitii HPCSA chọpụtara na ikpe mara Basson maka omume na-ezighị ezi, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Gauteng kpebiri na e nwere ajọ mbunobi n'akụkụ ndị otu kọmitii na-eduzi ikpe ahụ. Onye ọka ikpe ahụ kpebiri na ikpe ahụ (nke HPCSA guzobere megide Basson) bụ nke na-ezighị ezi na nke na-enweghị isi ma gosipụta ileghara ikike Basson anya. [15]'ihi ya, e wepụrụ ikpe ahụ (ya mere, nchọpụta nke omume na-ezighị ezi site na kọmitii ahụ).

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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  • Chandre Gould & Marlene Burger (2002). Secrets and Lies: Wouter Basson and South Africa's Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme. Struik Publishers. ISBN 978-1868723416. 
  • Glenn Cross (2017). Dirty War: Rhodesia and Chemical Biological Warfare, 1975-1980. Helion & Company. ISBN 978-1-911512-12-7. 

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 (February 2003) Project Coast: Apartheid's Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme.. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.. ISBN 9290451440.  (PDF). United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. February 2003. ISBN 9290451440. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2012.
  2. ↑ 'Dr Death' acquitted in South Africa. BBC News (11 April 2002). Retrieved on 9 February 2009.
  3. ↑ "South Africa's 'Dr Death' Was Accused of Selling Ravers Super Strength MDMA", Vice, 2014-11-04. Retrieved on 2017-10-27.
  4. ↑ The life, trial and hats of Wouter Basson (27 January 2001).
  5. ↑ Head (19 January 2021). Wouter Basson, apartheid's 'Dr. Death', revealed to be working at a Mediclinic. The South African. Retrieved on 19 January 2021.
  6. ↑ Stephen F. Burgess (April 2001). The Rollback of South Africa's Chemical and Biological Warfare Program. USAF Counterproliferation Center. Retrieved on 9 February 2009. 
  7. ↑ Marlene Burger (10 August 2001). Libya and the case against Wouter Basson. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved on 2 October 2020.
  8. ↑ Chapter 6: Special Investigation into the death of President Samora Machel - The O'Malley Archives. www.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved on 2017-10-27.
  9. ↑ 'Dr Death' walks free
  10. ↑ Retrial for SA's 'Dr Death'. BBC News (9 September 2005). Retrieved on 9 February 2009.
  11. ↑ TRC evidence at Basson hearing: http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/trc-evidence-at-basson-hearing-1.1547820#.UeV3To2mh3p
  12. ↑ "South Africa: Walter Basson to answer misconduct case", BBC, 27 January 2012.
  13. ↑ HPCSA applauds High Court ruling on Basson May 2010
  14. ↑ HPCSA finds Basson guilty of unprofessional conduct 18 December 2013
  15. ↑ Venter. Tribunal Committee members ordered to recuse themselves over Basson hearing. www.iol.co.za. Retrieved on 27 March 2019.

Njikọ mpụga

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Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onye_na-egbu_egbu&oldid=146600