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Onye enyemaka nọọsụ na-amụ nwa

Nọọsụ na-enyere aka ma ọ bụ nọọsụ ngwakọta nke a maara dị ka ANM, bụ nwanyị na-ahụ maka ahụike n'obodo nta na India nke a maara dịka onye mbụ na-ahụ n'etiti obodo na ọrụ ahụike. [1]A na-ewere ANMs dị ka ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na pyramid nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụike. A na-ewere ọrụ ha dị ka ihe dị mkpa iji nye nlekọta dị nchebe na nke dị irè maka obodo nta. Ọrụ ahụ nwere ike inyere obodo aka iru ebumnuche nke mmemme ahụike mba.[1][2][3]

ANM Ọmụmụ ihe na-agafe agafe

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

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Kọmitii Mukherjee na 1966 nyere iwu usoro nke ebumnuche na ihe mkpali ma chọpụta ANMs na ndị ọrụ obodo ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị ọrụ maka mgbasa nke mmemme ahụike. N'afọ ndị 1950 na 1960, ọzụzụ nke ANMs lekwasịrị anya na ịmụ nwa na ahụike nne na ụmụaka.   [citation needed]

N'afọ 1973, Kọmitii Kartar Singh nke Gọọmentị India jikọtara ọrụ nke ọrụ ahụike ma gbanwee ọrụ ANMs. [1]Kọmitii ahụ tụrụ aro na e kwesịrị inwe 1 ANM maka mmadụ 10,000-12,000.[4]

N'afọ 1975, Kọmitii Srivastava tụrụ aro ịgbasawanye ọrụ ANM. Mgbasawanye a tụrụ aro gụnyere ọrụ nke ANM dị ka onye ọrụ ahụike nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche. Tinyere nlekọta nne, kọmitii ahụ tụrụ aro ka ọrụ ANM gụnye ahụike ụmụaka (immunization) na nlekọta ọgwụgwọ mbụ nke ndị obodo. Kansụl Nọọsụ India (INC) nabatara aro nke kọmitii ahụ ma tinye ha na usoro iheomume na 1977. Mkpebi a belatara oge ọzụzụ nke ANM site na ọnwa 24 ruo ọnwa 18.[1]

N'afọ 1986, National Education Policy nyere mmemme ANM ọnọdụ nke Vocational Education. N'ịgbaso mkpebi a, INC nyochagharịrị iwu ya ọzọ ma tụọ aro ka Ministri nke Ahụike na Ahụike Ezinụlọ mee ka usoro ANM bụrụ ọrụ aka na ọkwa +2 (mgbe klas nke 10 / ọkwa sekọndrị dị elu). Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ naanị steeti ole na ole nke India mere ka usoro ANM bụrụ usoro ọrụ aka na ọkwa sekọndrị dị elu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ. [1]Dabere na ntuziaka kachasị ọhụrụ nke INC, afọ kacha nta maka ịbanye na ọmụmụ ANM kwesịrị ịbụ afọ 17 ebe afọ kachasị elu bụ afọ 35.[5]

N'afọ 2005, a malitere National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịmelite nlekọta ahụike mbụ n'ime obodo ma mee ka mkpa ANM dị ka njikọ dị n'etiti ọrụ ahụike na obodo.[1]

Ọrụ nke ANM

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ANMs na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike. Obere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ obere ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ime obodo nke na-enye ndị obodo nlekọta ahụike. Obere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Ụlọ Ọrụ Ahụike Primary (PHC). PHC ọ bụla na-enwekarị ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ isii dị otú ahụ. Tupu mmalite nke NRHM na 2005, enwere ndokwa nke otu ANM kwa mpaghara. E mechara chọpụta na otu ANM ezughị ezu iji mezuo ihe nlekọta ahụike nke obodo. N'afọ 2005, NRHM nyere ANM abụọ (otu na-adịgide adịgide na otu nkwekọrịta) maka mpaghara ọ bụla. A na-ahọrọkarị ANM site n'ime obodo iji bulie ibu ọrụ.   [citation needed]

Dị ka Rural Health Statistics Bulletin nke afọ 2010 si kwuo, e nwere 147,069 sub-centres na-arụ ọrụ na India, nke mụbara ruo 152,326 na Machị 2014. Dị ka ụkpụrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya si dị, a ga-enwe otu sub-centre maka ndị bi na 5,000 ebe ndị bi n'ógbè agbụrụ na ugwu ndị e kenyere maka sub-central ọ bụla bụ 3,000.[1][6][7][8]

N'okpuru NRHM, mpaghara ọ bụla na-enweta ego na-enweghị njikọ nke Rs 10,000 maka mmefu. ANM nwere akaụntụ ụlọ akụ jikọtara ya na Sarpanch (isi) nke obodo iji nweta ego dị otú ahụ. ANMs na-eji ego a na-ejikọtaghị ejikọta maka ịzụta ihe ndị dị mkpa maka sub-centre, dị ka ngwá ọrụ ọbara mgbali elu, igwe ịtụ ihe, ibe na maka nhicha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nnyefe na ọkwa dị n'okpuru ebe a mụbara kemgbe enyere ego a na-ejikọtaghị ya site na NRHM.[1]

TA na-atụ anya ka ANMs bụrụ ndị ọrụ ahụike nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche. Ọrụ metụtara ANM gụnyere ahụike nne na ụmụaka yana ọrụ atụmatụ ezinụlọ, agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na nri na-edozi ahụ, mgbalị maka idebe ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi, mgbochi maka ịchịkwa ọrịa na-efe efe, ọgwụgwọ nke obere mmerụ ahụ, na enyemaka mbụ na mberede na ọdachi.[1]

N'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, dị ka ugwu na mpaghara agbụrụ ebe ụlọ ọrụ njem nwere ike ịda ogbenye, a chọrọ ANMs iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị na-ebubata ihe n'ụlọ.[7]

Mmekọrịta ya na ASHA

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Onye na-ahụ maka ahụike ọha na eze (ASHA) bụ onye ọrụ ahụike obodo. Dabere na mpaghara nke etiti ahụ, ANM ọ bụla na-akwado ASHAs anọ ma ọ bụ ise. ANMs ga-enwe nzukọ kwa izu ma ọ bụ izu abụọ na ASHAs iji nyMyochaa ọrụ emere n'izu gara aga ma ọ bụ n'izu abụọ. ANMs na-eduzi ASHAs n'akụkụ nlekọta ahụike.   [citation needed]

Na Onye ọrụ Anganwadi (AWW) , ANM na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka maka ọzụzụ nke ASHAs. ANM na-akpali ASHAs ka ha weta ndị na-erite uru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. ASHA na-eweta ụmụ nwanyị dị ime na ANM maka nyocha. Ọ na-ewetakwa di na nwunye na ANM maka ndụmọdụ gbasara atụmatụ ezinụlọ. ASHA na-eweta ụmụaka na nnọkọ mgbochi nke ANM na-eme. ASHA na-arụ ọrụ dị ka àkwà mmiri dị n'etiti ANM na obodo nta ahụ.[1][6][7]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Tnai Journal. Tnaionline.org (2007-04-20). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved on 2016-01-07.. Tnaionline.org. 2007-04-20. Archived from on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
  2. ↑ Mavalankar (2008). "Achieving Millennium Development Goal 5: Is India serious?". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (4): 243–243A. PMID 18438507. 
  3. ↑ An Auxiliary Nurse-Midwife in India Sets an Example for Family Planning. Jhpiego. Archived from the original on 2016-02-15. Retrieved on 2016-01-07.
  4. ↑ S.L. Goel (1 January 2008). Rural Health Education. Deep & Deep Publications, 9–. ISBN 978-81-8450-115-5. 
  5. ↑ Indian Nursing Council, Official Indian nursing council website, Government India, Establish Uniforms Standards, Training Nurses, Midwives, Health Visitors. Indiannursingcouncil.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved on 2016-01-07.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rural Health Care System in India. National Health Mission. Retrieved on 6 March 2021."Rural Health Care System in India" (PDF). National Health Mission. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) Guidelines for Sub-Centres. Government of India. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved on 7 January 2016. (PDF). Government of India. Archived from (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  8. ↑ HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE IN RURAL INDIA. IIT, Kanpur. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved on 7 January 2016.

Akwụkwọ

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Templeeti:Government Schemes in IndiaTempleeti:Health in India

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