Onye arịrịọ siri ike

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme English iwu, onye arịrịọ siri ike bụ onye ruru eru ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ, ma rịọ arịrịọ ma ọ bụ kpafuo maka ndụ kama. ^[1] ^[2] Ụkpụrụ nke Cambridge 1388 bụ iwu mbụ nke dị iche n'etiti ndị arịrịọ siri ike na ndị na-adịghị ike ( ndị nwere nkwarụ ma ọ bụ ndị agadi) ogbenye. Iwu Vagabonds na arịrịọ 1494 depụtara mmachi na ntaramahụhụ.

Na 1530s na n'ime 1540s, ọtụtụ ebe obibi ndị Bekee mechiri, na-ebelata ihe onwunwe dị maka ndị ogbenye, na Vagabonds Act 1530 nyere ndị ikpe ziri ezi nke udo inye ikike nye ndị na-enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-arịọ arịrịọ. ^[3] ^[4]

Ụdị onye arịrịọ siri ike gụnyere Tom o'Bedlam, onye ga-eme ka ọ dị ara ma na-eso ndị mmadụ gburugburu. Ndị mmadụ na-enye ya ego ka ọ lawa. Bristler na-eji dice dị arọ nke ga-adaba na nọmba ọ bụla ọ họọrọ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ nwere ike ịghọ aghụghọ ule na dice. Nkịta adịgboroja ga-eji ncha na-afụ ụfụ n'ọnụ, na-eme ka ọ na-eme ihe ike. ^[5]

Enweghị ọrụ nyere ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ na mmejọ ugboro ugboro. Na narị afọ nke 16 England, ọ dịghị ihe dị iche e mere n'etiti ndị na-enweghị ọrụ na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ; A na-ekewa ha abụọ dị ka "ndị arịrịọ siri ike", bụ ndị a ga-ata ahụhụ ma gaa n'ihu. ^[6] N'afọ 1547, a kwadoro ụgwọ nke nyere ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị aka n'ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị oke egwu nke iwu mpụ: ohu afọ abụọ na iji akara "V" dị ka ntaramahụhụ maka mmejọ mbụ na ọnwụ maka nke abụọ. ^[7]

Hụkwa

Panhandling ike ike

Edensibia

↑ Lambert (2012). Poverty in the Middle Ages. A Brief History of Poverty. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.
↑ Mills (December 1, 2012). Time Line. Poor Law History. Gen UKI (Lincolnshire). Retrieved on February 2, 2013.
↑ Key dates in Poor Law and Relief Great Britain 1300–1899. Key dates in the Sociological history and development of Great Britain. thepotteries.org. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.
↑ Deming (2016). Science and Technology in World History. McFarland. ISBN 9781476625041.
↑ Campisi (2020-04-03). A Guide to Elizabethan Con Games - Strand Magazine (en-US). Strand Mag. Retrieved on 2023-01-28.
↑ Sturdy Beggars. Probertencyclopaedia.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved on 22 July 2009.
↑ R. O. Bucholz, Newton Key, Early modern England, 1485–1714, p176

Akụrụngwa mpụga

Ogbenye Iwu Mmalite

[lambert_1-1] Lambert (2012). Poverty in the Middle Ages. A Brief History of Poverty. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.

[Mills_1-2] Mills (December 1, 2012). Time Line. Poor Law History. Gen UKI (Lincolnshire). Retrieved on February 2, 2013.

[potteries_1-3] Key dates in Poor Law and Relief Great Britain 1300–1899. Key dates in the Sociological history and development of Great Britain. thepotteries.org. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.

[4] Deming (2016). Science and Technology in World History. McFarland. ISBN 9781476625041.

[5] Campisi (2020-04-03). A Guide to Elizabethan Con Games - Strand Magazine (en-US). Strand Mag. Retrieved on 2023-01-28.

[6] Sturdy Beggars. Probertencyclopaedia.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved on 22 July 2009.

[7] R. O. Bucholz, Newton Key, Early modern England, 1485–1714, p176

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