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Nosferatu

 

Nosferatu na-enweghị akara nke ọha na eze site na 1947 na intertitles Bekee, na-eji aha njirimara mbụ sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Bram Stoker (a na-akpọ vampire Count Dracula yana Nosferatu n'ụdị a)

Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror (German: Nosferatu - Eine Symphonie des Grauens ) bụ 1922 silent German Expressionist ihe nkiri egwu egwu nke FW Murnau na-eduzi na Max Schreck dị ka Count Orlok, vampire nke na-erigbu nwunye ( Greta Schröder ) nke ala ya. onye nnọchi anya ( Gustav von Wangenheim ) ma weta ọrịa ahụ na obodo ha.

Prana Film mepụtara Nosferatu ma bụrụ nke a na-enyeghị ikike na nke a na'amaghị ama nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Bram Stoker nke 1897 Dracula. A gbanwere aha dị iche iche na nkọwa ndị ọzọ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gụnyere Count Dracula ka a gbanwere aha ya Count Orlok. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-anọchite anya mgbanwe ndị ahụ dị ka ihe nchebe megide mmebi ikike nwebisiinka, intertitles mbụ nke German kwetara na Dracula bụ isi iyi.[1] Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri bụ David Kalat na-ekwu na ebe ọ bụ na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ "ihe nkiri ego dị ala nke ndị Germany mere maka ndị na-ege ntị na Germany... itinye ya na Germany na ndị a na-akpọ German na-eme ka akụkọ ahụ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụ anya na ozugbo maka ndị na'asụsụ German".

Ọbụna na ọtụtụ nkọwa gbanwere, ndị nketa Stoker gbara akwụkwọ maka mgbanwe ahụ, na mkpebi ikpe ụlọ ikpe nyere iwu ka e bibie ihe nkiri ahụ niile. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mbipụta nke Nosferatu lanarịrị, a na-ewerekwa ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ihe nkiri na-emetụta ihe nkiri na ụdị egwu.[2][3] N'afọ 1838, n'obodo German nke Wisborg, onye were ya n'ọrụ, onye na-ahụ maka ala Herr Knock, zigara Thomas Hutter na Transylvania ileta onye ahịa ọhụrụ, Count Orlok, onye na'ezube ịzụta ụlọ n'ofe ụlọ Hutter.[4] Ka ọ na-amalite njem ya, Hutter kwụsịrị n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ebe ndị obodo na-atụ egwu naanị ịkpọ aha Orlok.

Hutter na-agba ụgbọ ala gaa n'otu nnukwu ụlọ, ebe Count Orlok nabatara ya. Mgbe Hutter na-eri nri abalị ma na mberede bepụ mkpịsị aka ukwu ya, Orlok gbalịrị ịmị ọbara, mana onye ọbịa ya na-asọ oyi dọpụrụ aka ya. Hutter tetara n'ụtụtụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ịchọta ọnya ọhụrụ n'olu ya, nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ anwụnta. N'abalị ahụ, Orlok bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ iji zụta ụlọ ahụ ma hụ foto nke nwunye Hutter, Ellen, na-ekwu na o nwere "olu mara mma". N'ịgụ akwụkwọ banyere ndị vampire nke o si n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị n'ógbè ahụ were, Hutter malitere inyo Orlok enyo na ọ bụ onye vampire. Ebe ọ na-enweghị ụzọ ọ ga-esi mechie ọnụ ụzọ, ọ na-atụ ụjọ n'ime ụlọ ya ka etiti abalị na-eru nso. Ọnụ ụzọ ahụ meghere n'onwe ya ma Orlok abanye, Hutter wee zoo n'okpuru ihe mkpuchi àkwà ma daa n'amaghị onwe ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nwunye ya na-eteta n'ụra ya ma, n'ime mmụọ, na-aga n'elu mgbidi ya, nke na-adọta uche enyi ya Harding. Mgbe dọkịta ahụ rutere, ọ na-eti aha Hutter ma o doro anya na ọ nwere ike ịhụ Orlok n'ụlọ elu ya nke na-eyi di ya na-amaghị onwe ya egwu.

N'echi ya, Hutter nyochara nnukwu ụlọ ahụ, naanị ịlaghachi n'ime ụlọ ya mgbe ọ chọtara igbe ozu nke Orlok na-ezu ike na crypt. Mgbe awa ole na ole gachara, Orlok kpokọtara igbe ozu na onye nkuzi wee rịgoro na nke ikpeazụ tupu onye nkuzi apụọ, Hutter wee gbaga n'ụlọ ka ọ mụtachara nke ahụ. A na-ebuba igbe ozu ndị ahụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri, ebe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-achọpụta oke n'ime igbe ozu. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri niile mechara nwụọ, Orlok weghaara ya. Mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ rutere na Wisborg, Orlok na-ahapụ n'amaghị ama, buru otu n'ime igbe ozu ya ma banye n'ụlọ ọ zụrụ.

Ọtụtụ ọnwụ n'obodo ahụ na-esote mgbe Orlok rutere, nke ndị dọkịta obodo ahụ na-ata ụta maka ihe otiti a na-akọwaghị akọwa nke òké si n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpatara. Ellen na-agụ akwụkwọ Hutter chọtara; ọ na-ekwu na enwere ike imeri vampire ma ọ bụrụ na nwanyị obi dị ọcha ejiri ịma mma ya dọpụ uche vampire ma nye ya ọbara nke nnwere onwe ya. O kpebiri ịchụ onwe ya n'àjà. Ọ meghere windo ya iji kpọọ Orlok ma mee ka ọ na-arịa ọrịa ka o wee nwee ike iziga Hutter ka ọ kpọta Prọfesọ Bulwer, onye dọkịta. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ, Orlok batara ma ṅụọ ọbara ya, mana anyanwụ na-apụta, nke na-eme ka Orlok pụọ n'oké anwụrụ ọkụ. Ellen dị ndụ ogologo oge nke di ya na-eru uju makụrụ ya.

Ihe nkiri ikpeazụ na-egosi ụlọ elu Count Orlok mebiri emebi na Ugwu Carpathian.

Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

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Faịlụ:Schreck.jpg
Max Schreck na mkpọsa maka ihe nkiri ahụ
  • Max Schreck dị ka Count Orlok
  • Gustav von Wangenheim dị ka Thomas Hutter
  • Greta Schröder dị ka Ellen Hutter
  • Alexander Granach dị ka Knock
  • Georg H. Schnell dị ka onye nwe ụgbọ mmiri Harding
  • Ruth Landshoff dị ka Ruth
  • John Gottowt dị ka Prọfesọ Bulwer
  • Gustav Botz dị ka Prọfesọ Sievers
  • Max Nemetz dị ka Onye isi nke Empusa
  • Wolfgang Heinz dị ka Onye Mbụ nke Empusa
  • Hardy von Francois [de] as Mental Hospital Doctor
  • Albert Venohr [de] as Sailor Two
  • Guido Herzfeld dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ
  • Karl Etlinger dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Bulwer
  • Fanny Schreck dị ka Nọọsụ Ụlọ Ọgwụ

Isiokwu

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A maara Nosferatu maka isiokwu ya gbasara egwu nke ndị ọzọ, yana maka okwu mgbochi ndị Juu, nke abụọ nwere ike isite na akwụkwọ akụkọ Bram Stoker Dracula, nke ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere na ya.[5] A na-eji ọdịdị ahụ nke Count Orlok, ya na imi ya, mbọ mkpịsị aka ogologo, na isi nkwọcha buru ibu, tụnyere ihe osise ndị Juu site n'oge e mepụtara Nosferatu.[6] A na-ejikwa ọdịdị ya tụnyere nke òké ma ọ bụ òké, nke a na-ejikarị ndị Juu tụnyere.[7][8] Mmasị Orlok nwere n'inweta ihe onwunwe n'obodo Wisborg nke Germany, mgbanwe na mpaghara site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Stoker nke London, a tụlere ya dị ka ihe na-egbu egwu na nchegbu nke ọha na eze Germany n'oge ahụ.[9] Prọfesọ Tony Magistrale kwuru na ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara "mmegide nke ala nna Germany site n'ike ndị ọzọ [...] na-eme ka ihe yiri nke na-emegide ndị Juu na-agbasa na Northern Europe na 1922."[9]

Mgbe Orlok si mba ọzọ rutere Wisborg site na ụgbọ mmiri, ọ na-eweta ọtụtụ òké nke, na ntụgharị site na akwụkwọ akụkọ, gbasaa ihe otiti ahụ n'obodo ahụ dum.[8][10] Akụkụ a na-ejikọwanye Orlok na ụmụ oke na echiche nke "Jew dị ka ihe na-akpata ọrịa".[6][8] Onye edemede Kevin Jackson kwuru na onye nduzi F. W. Murnau "bụ enyi na onye na-echebe ọtụtụ ndị ikom na ndị inyom ndị Juu" n'oge ndụ ya niile, gụnyere onye na-eme ihe nkiri ndị Juu Alexander Granach, onye na-egwu Knock na Nosferatu.[11] Tụkwasị na nke a, Magistrale dere na Murnau, ebe ọ bụ onye na-edina ụdị onwe ya, ga-abụrịrị na ọ na-emetụta mkpagbu nke obere ìgwè n'ime nnukwu obodo Germany.[8] N'ihi nke a, a na-ekwu na njikọ dị n'etiti Orlok na echiche ndị na-emegide ndị Juu agaghị abụ mkpebi mara mma site n'aka Murnau.[8][11]

Mmepụta

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Ihe ngosi Prana Film

Ụlọ ihe nkiri dị n'azụ Nosferatu, Prana Film, bụ ụlọ ihe nkiri German na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke Enrico Dieckmann na onye na-ese ihe omimi Albin Grau guzobere na 1921, nke akpọrọ aha akwụkwọ akụkọ Theosophical nke akpọrọ onwe ya maka echiche Hindu nke prana. Ọ bụ ezie na ebumnuche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ imepụta ihe nkiri anwansi na nke karịrị nke mmadụ, Nosferatu bụ naanị mmepụta ya, ebe ọ kwupụtara na ọ dara ogbenye n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ.[12]

Grau kwuru na ọ bụ ahụmahụ agha kpaliri ya ịgba ihe nkiri vampire: n'akụkọ apocryphal nke Grau, n'oge oyi nke 1916, onye ọrụ ugbo Serbia gwara ya na nna ya bụ vampire na otu n'ime ndị nwụrụ anwụ.

 
E sere ọpụpụ Hutter na Wisborg n'ogige Heiligen-Geist-Kirche na Wismar; foto a sitere na 1970.

Diekmann na Grau nyere Henrik Galeen, onye na-eso ụzọ Hanns Heinz Ewers, ọrụ iji dee ihe nkiri nke sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Dracula, ọ bụ ezie na Prana Film enwetaghị ikike ihe nkiri ahụ. Galeen bụ ọkachamara nwere ahụmahụ na ịhụnanya ịhụnanya gbara ọchịchịrị ; ọ rụburu ọrụ na The Student of Prague (1913), na screenplay maka Golem: Olee otú O si bata n'ụwa (1920). Galeen debere akụkọ ahụ na obodo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Wisborg nke ugwu German. Ọ gbanwere aha ndị odide ahụ wee gbakwunye echiche nke vampire na-ebute ọrịa ahụ na Wisborg site na oke na ụgbọ mmiri, ma hapụ Van Helsing vampire dinta agwa. Ụdị ihuenyo nke Galeen's Expressionist bụ uri urithmic, na-enweghị ikesa ya dị ka akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na-emetụta akwụkwọ edemede Expressionism, dị ka nke Carl Mayer . Lotte Eisner kọwara ihe nkiri Galeen dị ka " voll Poesie, voll Rhythmus</link> "(" juputara na uri, juputara na uda"). [13]

 
Salzspeicher dị na Lübeck jere ozi dị ka ebe ụlọ Orlok dị na Wisborg.

Ịse ihe nkiri malitere na Julaị 1921, yana mpụta mpụta na Wismar . Ihe si n'ụlọ elu Marienkirche dị n'elu ahịa Wismar nwere Wasserkunst Wismar rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ntọhapụ maka ọnọdụ Wisborg. Ebe ndị ọzọ bụ Wassertor, ogige Heiligen-Geist-Kirche na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Na Lübeck, Salzspeicher a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ jere ozi dị ka ụlọ Wisborg ọhụrụ nke Nosferatu, otu n'ime ụlọ ụka nke Aegidienkirche rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hutter's, na ala Depenau otu ndị na-ebu ozu bu igbe ozu nke ndị e chere na ọ bụ ọrịa o metụtara. Ọtụtụ ihe nkiri nke Lübeck pụtara na ịchụ nta Knock, bụ onye nyere iwu ka Hutter na Yard nke Füchting zutere Count Orlok. A na-esote mpụta mpụta ọzọ na Lauenburg, Rostock na na Sylt . Mpụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ e debere na Transylvania bụ n'ezie agbagburu na ebe dị n'ebe ugwu Slovakia, gụnyere High Tatras, Vrátna dolina, Orava Castle, Osimiri Váh, na Starý Castle [ sk ] . [14] Ndị otu ahụ gbara ihe onyonyo ime n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri JOFA dị na mpaghara Johannisthal nke Berlin yana mpụta ọzọ na ọhịa Tegel .

Maka ihe kpatara ọnụ ahịa, onye na-ese foto Fritz Arno Wagner nwere naanị otu igwefoto dị, yabụ enwere naanị otu adịghị mma mbụ. [15] Onye isi ahụ gbasoro ihe ngosi Galeen nke ọma, na-agbaso ntuziaka ejiri aka dee na ndowe igwefoto, ọkụ, na ihe ndị metụtara ya. [13] Ka o sina dị, Murnau degharịrị kpamkpam peeji iri na abụọ nke edemede ahụ, n'ihi na ederede Galeen na-efu na edemede ọrụ onye nduzi. Nke a metụtara ọnọdụ ikpeazụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, nke Ellen ji onwe ya chụọ àjà na vampire na-anwụ na ụzarị mbụ nke anyanwụ. [16] Murnau kwadoro nke ọma; e nwere ihe osise ndị ga-adaba kpọmkwem n'ihe nkiri nke ọ bụla e sere, o jikwa metronome chịkwaa ọsọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ. [17]  

Egwú

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Ọ bụ Hans Erdmann mere akara izizi ya ma bụrụkwa ndị egwu egwu mere na mbido ihe nkiri Berlin. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime akara ahụ efunahụla, ma ihe fọdụrụ bụ naanị ụlọ emegharị emegharị. Ya mere, n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri Nosferatu, ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú na ndị na-egwu egwu edewo ma ọ bụ gbanwee ụda nke ha iji soro ihe nkiri ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, James Bernard, onye na-ede egwú nke ọtụtụ ihe nkiri egwu egwu Hammer na njedebe 1950 na 1960, dere akara maka mbipụtaghachi. [18] Silva Screen Records weputara akara Bernard na 1997. E weputara ụdị akara izizi Erdmann nke ndị ọkà mmụta egwu na ndị na-ede egwú Gillian Anderson na James Kessler rụgharịrị na 1995 site n'aka BMG Classics, yana ọtụtụ usoro na-efu efu ewepụtara ọhụrụ, na mbọ iji kwekọọ n'ụdị Erdmann. Nrụgharị mbụ nke onye na-ede German bụ Berndt Heller nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye nke ọrụ oge gboo na-enweghị njikọ. N'afọ 2022, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times dere maka akara ọhụrụ nke onye dere Dutch Jozef van Wissem na mwepụta ndekọ maka Nosferatu. Malite na solo a na-akpọ na lute, arụmọrụ ya na-agụnye ụbọ ọkụ eletrik na ndekọ gbagọrọ agbagọ nke nnụnụ ekpochapụla, na-agụsị akwụkwọ site na aghụghọ gaa na egwu gothic. "Ụda ụda m na-aga site na ịgbachi nkịtị gaa na mkpọtụ n'ime nkeji 90," ka o kwuru, na-ejedebe na "oke ọnwụ metal." [19]

Mgbanwe site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ

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Akụkọ nke Nosferatu yiri nke Dracula ma na-ejigide ihe odide ndị bụ isi: Jonathan na Mina Harker, Count Dracula, na ndị ọzọ.  Ọ na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu nke abụọ, dị ka Arthur na Quincey ma gbanwee aha ndị fọdụrụ.  Ebufere ntọala ahụ site na Britain na 1890s gaa Germany na 1838.

N'adịghị ka Count Dracula, Orlok adịghị emepụta vampires ndị ọzọ kama ọ na-egbu ndị ọ metụtara, nke na-eme ka ndị obodo na-ata ahụhụ na-egbu egbu nke na-ebibi obodo ahụ.  Orlok ga-ehikwa ụra n'ehihie, n'ihi na ìhè anyanwụ ga-egbu ya, mana Dracula mbụ na-ada mbà naanị site na ìhè anyanwụ.  Ekwenyere na ọ bụ Belial kere Orlok, mmụọ ọjọọ nke Setan, na Count Dracula na-ekpughe na ọ bụbu voivode e gburu n'agha tupu ọ laghachi azụ dị ka vampire.  Ọgwụgwụ ahụ dịkwa nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ Dracula ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebibi ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ n'oge ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbe Mina analogue na-achụrụ ya onwe ya n'àjà.[1]  Obodo a na-akpọ "Wisborg" na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ n'ezie ngwakọta nke Wismar na Lübeck;  na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-agbanwe aha obodo ahụ, n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, laghachi na "Bremen".

Ntọhapụ

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N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu mmalite ahụ, e debere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi na mbipụta # 21 nke magazin Bühne und Film, na nchịkọta, foto na ọrụ, akụkọ mmepụta, na edemede, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ na vampirism site na Albin Grau.[20] Nosferatu meghere na Netherlands na 16 Febụwarị 1922 na Hague Flora na Olympia sinemas.[21] Nosferatu gosipụtara na Germany na 4 Machị 1922 na Marmorsaal nke Berlin Zoological Garden. A haziri nke a dị ka nnukwu mgbede ọha mmadụ nke akpọrọ Das Fest des Nosferatu (Festival of Nosferatu), a gwakwara ndị ọbịa ka ha bịa na-eyi uwe Biedermeier. Ihe nkiri German nke mbụ mere na 15 Machị 1922 na Primus-Palast nke Berlin.

 
Marmorsaal (ụlọ nzukọ marble) na Berlin Zoological Garden, nke egosiri ebe a na postcard nke 1900, bụ ebe Nosferatu gosipụtara.

N'adịghị ka Count Dracula, Orlok adịghị emepụta vampires ndị ọzọ kama ọ na-egbu ndị ọ metụtara, nke na-eme ka ndị obodo na-ata ahụhụ na-egbu egbu nke na-ebibi obodo ahụ.  Orlok ga-ehikwa ụra n'ehihie, n'ihi na ìhè anyanwụ ga-egbu ya, mana Dracula mbụ na-ada mbà naanị site na ìhè anyanwụ.  Ekwenyere na ọ bụ Belial kere Orlok, mmụọ ọjọọ nke Setan, na Count Dracula na-ekpughe na ọ bụbu voivode e gburu n'agha tupu ọ laghachi azụ dị ka vampire.  Ọgwụgwụ ahụ dịkwa nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ Dracula ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebibi ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ n'oge ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbe Mina analogue na-achụrụ ya onwe ya n'àjà.[1]  Obodo a na-akpọ "Wisborg" na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ n'ezie ngwakọta nke Wismar na Lübeck;  na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-agbanwe aha obodo ahụ, n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, laghachi na "Bremen".[22][23]

Nnabata na ihe nketa

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Nosferatu wetara Murnau n'ihu ọha, ọkachasị mgbe ewepụtara ihe nkiri ya Der brennende Acker ( The Burning Soil ) ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị. Ndị nta akụkọ kọrọ ọtụtụ ihe na Nosferatu na mmalite ya. Site na votu ndị na-eto eto, a na-akatọkwa mgbe ụfọdụ na nkà na ụzụ zuru oke na nkọwa doro anya nke ihe oyiyi adịghị adaba na isiokwu egwu. Onye Filmkurier nke 6 Maachị 1922 kwuru na vampire ahụ pụtara nke ukwuu ma na-enwu gbaa ka ọ dị egwu n'ezie. Hans Wollenberg kọwara ihe nkiri ahụ na foto-Stage Nke 11 nke 11 Maachị 1922 dị ka "mmetụta" ma too ọdịdị Murnau dị ka "ihe na-emepụta ọnọdụ." [24] Na Vossische Zeitung nke 7 Maachị 1922, a toro Nosferatu maka ụdị anya ya. [25]

Nosferatu bụkwa ihe nkiri mbụ gosipụtara vampire na-anwụ n'ihi ìhè anyanwụ.  Akwụkwọ akụkọ vampire ndị gara aga dị ka Dracula egosila na ìhè anyanwụ adịghị ahụ ha mma, mana ọ bụghị nke na-eyi egwu ọnwụ.[26]

Ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala nyocha dị mma. Na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere nkwenye nke 97% dabere na nyocha 63, na nkezi nke 9.05/10. Nkwekọrịta dị oke egwu nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-agụ, "Otu n'ime ọrụ nka kachasị emetụta n'oge ahụ, mmetụta egwu, Gothic nke Nosferatu - na arụmọrụ na-eme ka Max Schreck dị ka vampire - setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ihe nkiri egwu ndị sochiri. "[27] N'afọ 1995, Vatican gụnyere Nosferatu na ndepụta nke ihe nkiri 45 dị mkpa ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ile.[28] A họpụtara ya na nke iri abụọ na otu na magazin Empire "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema" na 2010.[29]

N'afọ 1997, onye nkatọ Roger Ebert gbakwunyere Nosferatu na ndepụta ya nke The Great Movies, na-ede:

Na 1993, ihe omume 15 nke usoro Nickelodeon Ị na-atụ egwu Ọchịchịrị?  gosipụtara nyocha "pụrụ iche" nke Nosferatu.  Mgbe nyocha ahụ gasịrị, Count Orlok na-apụta na ihuenyo n'ime ụwa n'ezie wee malite ịchụso ndị ọ metụtara na ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Ihe nkiri 2000 bụ Shadow of the Vampire bụ echiche akụkọ ifo banyere ime Nosferatu.

Na 2022 ihe ngosi Phantoms of the Night.  Afọ 100 nke "Nosferatu" ga-emepe na Berlin.[30]

Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi F.W.M.  Symphony ewepụtara na ngwụcha 2022 bụ nkwanye ugwu nye Nosferatu, ma na-egosipụtakwa izu ohi nke okpokoro isi Murnau n'ili ezinụlọ ya na 2015.[31]

Vidiyo ụlọ na ọkwa nwebiisinka

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Nosferatu batara na ngalaba ọha n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke afọ 2019. Nke a butere na nkesa zuru ebe niile nke oyiri bootleg ojii na ọcha eweghachitebeghị. Malite na 1981, ihe nkiri ahụ enweela mweghachi gọọmentị dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ewepụtala na vidiyo ụlọ na US, Europe na Australia. Ụdịdị ndị a, bụ ndị nwere tinted, nke emeziri ọsọ ma nwee akara pụrụ iche, nwere ikike nwebiisinka iche gbasara ihe ọhụrụ nwebiisinka.

Ihe ndị ọzọ e mere

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Mweghachi nke 1979 nke onye isi Werner Herzog, Nosferatu the Vampyre, mere Klaus Kinski (dị ka Count Dracula, ọ bụghị Count Orlok).[32]

Onye isi oche David Lee Fisher nọ na mmepe mgbe enwetachara ya nke ọma na Kickstarter na 3 Disemba 2014.[1]  Na 13 Eprel 2016, a kọrọ na a na-etinye Doug Jones dị ka Count Orlok na ihe nkiri ahụ nakwa na ịse foto amalitela.  Ihe nkiri ahụ ga-eji ihuenyo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ tinye ihe ndabere agba sitere na ihe nkiri mbụ atop live-action, usoro Fisher ejiribu mee ihe maka imegharị ya The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (2005).[2][3]  Dịka nke 2023, ụdị a ka ewepụtabeghị, yana mmelite ikpeazụ sitere na Jones na 2020.[33]

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2015, a mara ọkwa mmezigharị ọzọ na Robert Eggers na-ede ma na-eduzi. Ebumnuche nke ihe nkiri ahụ bụ Jay Van Hoy na Lars Knudsen mepụtara maka Studio 8.[34] N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2016, Eggers kwupụtara ihe ijuanya na Nosferatu remake ga-abụ ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, na-ekwu "Ọ dị njọ ma na-ekwulu onwe ya ma na-asọ oyi maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ m iji mee Nosferatu ọzọ. Anọ m n'ezie na-eme atụmatụ ichere nwa oge, mana nke ahụ bụ otú akara aka si maa jijiji. "[35] N'afọ 2017, a mara ọkwa na Anya Taylor-Joy ga-apụta na ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọrụ a na-amaghị ama.[36] Otú ọ dị, n'ajụjụ ọnụ 2019, Eggers kwuru na ọ maghị ma a ka ga-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ekwu.Mana kwa, amaghị m, ma eleghị anya Nosferatu adịghị mkpa ka e mee ya ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na m etinyela oge dị ukwuu na nke ahụ. "[37] A kọrọ na Septemba 2022 na Focus Features ga-ekesa mmezigharị Eggers, na Bill Skarsgård setịpụrụ dị ka Orlok na Lily-Rose Depp dị ka Ellen Hutter.[38] Ihe nkiri ahụ mechiri foto isi na Mee 19, 2023.[39]

Hụkwa zie

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Edensibia

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  1. ↑ All copies of the cult classic "Nosferatu" were ordered to be destroyed (5 April 2017).
  2. ↑ The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema. Retrieved on 2 December 2016.
  3. ↑ What's the Big Deal?: Nosferatu (1922) (archived October 13, 2011). Archived from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved on 2 December 2016.
  4. ↑ Klinowski (2012). Feature Cinema in the 20th Century: Volume One: 1913–1950: a Comprehensive Guide. Planet RGB Limited. ISBN 9781624075643. Retrieved on 18 August 2017. 
  5. ↑ Giesen 2019 page 109
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Giesen 2019 page 108
  7. ↑ Giesen 2019 pages 108–109
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Magistrale 2005 page 25–26
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Magistrale 2005 page 25
  10. ↑ Joslin 2017 page 15
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Jackson 2013 page 20
  12. ↑ Elsaesser (February 2001). "Six Degrees Of Nosferatu". Sight and Sound. ISSN 0037-4806. Retrieved on 31 May 2013. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Eisner 1967 page 27
  14. ↑ Votruba. Nosferatu (1922) Slovak Locations. Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh.
  15. ↑ Prinzler page 222: Luciano Berriatúa and Camille Blot in section: Zur Überlieferung der Filme.
  16. ↑ Eisner 1967 page 28 Since vampires dying in daylight appears neither in Stoker's work nor in Galeen's script, this concept has been solely attributed to Murnau.
  17. ↑ Grafe page 117
  18. ↑ Randall D. Larson (1996).
  19. ↑ 100 Years of 'Nosferatu,' the Vampire Movie That Won't Die. The New York Times (2022-03-24).
  20. ↑ Eisner page 60
  21. ↑ "ADVERTENTIEN", Haagsche Courant, February 16, 1922, pp. 3.
  22. ↑ Waldemar Ronger. www.filmportal.de. Retrieved on 18 December 2016.
  23. ↑ Reid (2 December 2016). Nosferatu: Chronicles from the Vaults. brentonfilm.com. Retrieved on 23 October 2022.
  24. ↑ (2003) in Prinzler: Murnau – Ein Melancholiker des Films. Berlin: Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek. Bertz. ISBN 3-929470-25-X. 
  25. ↑ Nosferatu (de). www.filmhistoriker.de. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved on 9 December 2018. “Murnau, sein Bildlenker, stellt die Bildchen, sorglich durchgearbeitet, in sich abgeschlossen. Das Schloß des Entsetzens, das Haus des Nosferatu sind packende Leistungen. Ein Motiv-Museum.”
  26. ↑ Scivally (2015-09-01). Dracula FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Count from Transylvania (in en). Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-61713-636-8. 
  27. ↑ Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens) (Nosferatu the Vampire) (1922). Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved on 9 August 2019.
  28. ↑ The Vatican Film List. Decent Films. SDQ reviews. Retrieved on 14 August 2022.
  29. ↑ The 100 Best Films of World Cinema: 21 Nosferatu. Empire.
  30. ↑ Phantome der Nacht. 100 Jahre Nosferatu (en-US). Archived from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved on 2023-03-24.
  31. ↑ F.W.M. – Symphonie. fwms.film. Retrieved on 2023-03-24.
  32. ↑ Erickson. Nosferatu the Vampyre. Allrovi. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved on 6 September 2011.
  33. ↑ Doug Jones' Twitter (11 March 2020). Retrieved on 26 December 2022.
  34. ↑ Fleming. "Studio 8 Sets Nosferatu Remake; The WitchTempleeti:'s Robert Eggers to Write & Direct", Deadline Hollywood, 28 July 2015. Retrieved on 27 March 2019.
  35. ↑ O'Falt. "Filmmaker Toolkit Podcast: Witch Director Robert Eggers' Lifelong Obsession with Nosferatu and His Plans for a Remake (Episode 13)", Indiewire, 11 November 2016. Retrieved on 27 March 2019.
  36. ↑ 'Split' Star Anya Taylor-Joy Reteams With 'Witch' Director on 'Nosferatu' Remake (EXCLUSIVE) (14 August 2017).
  37. ↑ Robert Eggers on Status of Nosferatu, Prepping Next Film (15 October 2019).
  38. ↑ Kroll (September 30, 2022). Bill Skarsgard & Lily-Rose Depp To Star In 'Nosferatu', Robert Eggers' Follow-Up To 'Northman' For Focus. Deadline. Retrieved on October 1, 2022.
  39. ↑ Squires (2023-05-30). Filming on the Robert Eggers 'Nosferatu' Remake Has Reportedly Wrapped in Prague (en-US). Bloody Disgusting!. Retrieved on 2023-06-03.

Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

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Njikọ mpụga

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  • Nosferatu na IMDb
  • Nosferatu at AllMovie
  • Nosferatu at Rotten Tomatoes
  • Nosferatu at the TCM Movie Database
  • Nosferatu: Akụkọ ihe mere eme na Home Video Guide na Brenton Film
  • Nosferatu is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive

Templeeti:NosferatuTempleeti:DraculaTempleeti:F. W. Murnau

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