Wikipedia

Ningxia

Ningxia
Autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China
Akụkụ nkeNorthwestern China Dezie
Oge/afọ mmalite25 Ọktoba 1958 Dezie
aha gọọmenti宁夏回族自治区 Dezie
mba/obodoChina Dezie
isi steetiYinchuan Dezie
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpagharaChina Dezie
dị na mpaghara ogeUTC+08:00 Dezie
nhazi ọnọdụ38°28′0″N 106°16′14″E Dezie
geoshapeData:China/Ningxia.map Dezie
ebe kachasi eluHelan Mountains Dezie
party chief representativeLiang Yanshun Dezie
Onyeisi gọọmentiXian Hui, Zhang Yupu Dezie
òtù omebe iwuQ106033018 Dezie
òtù nlekọta ejimaShimane Prefecture Dezie
Nkwekọrịtara oke alaInner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu Dezie
dochieQ15916494 Dezie
Asụsụ ọ na-asụSouthern Mongolian Dezie
webụsaịtịhttp://www.nx.gov.cn Dezie
udi maka maapụCategory:Maps of Ningxia Dezie
Map

Ningxia bụ isi mpaghara Ndịda anyanwụ Xia na narị afọ nke iri na otu ruo nke iri na atọ nke ndị Tangut guzobere; aha ya, "Xia udo", sitere na mmeri Mongol nke steeti . [1] Ndị Tangut nwetara ọmarịcha ọganiihu n'akwụkwọ, nka, egwu na ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọkachasị mepụtara edemede Tangut . Ogologo otu n'ime mpaghara obodo kachasị daa ogbenye, obere ụlọ ọrụ na -emepụta mmanya abụrụla ebe dị ezigbo mkpa n'akụ na ụba kemgbe afọ ndị gbara n'usoro afọ 1980. Tupu ọbịbịa viticulture, nde mmadụ isii n' ụma asatọ nke Ningxia, pasent iri atọ n'isi n'ime ha bụ ndị Alakụba sitere na agbụrụ Hui, dabere nke ukwuu anụ na -ata ahịhịa , ọrụ ugbo maka nri na ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi wolfberries nke eji eme ọgwụ odinala ndị China. Ogbe ahụ nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka o ruo hectare puku iri anọ nke mkpụrụ vaịn wee mepụta nde karama mmanya otu narị na iri abụọ n'afọ 2017 - otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mmepụta mba ahụ dum. [2]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Nzuzu 108 dị nso na Qingtongxia .

Dị ka mpaghara dị n'etiti ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-anọkarị otu ebe, Ningxia bụ oche agha na mwakpo nke agbụrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị China. Iji mee ka mpaghara ahụ dị jụụ, gọọmentị alaeze ukwu guzobere ógbè ndị agha iji weghachite ala. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e hiwere ebe ịta ahịhịa ịnyịnya n'okpuru Ọchịchị Alaeze ukwu iji chekwaa ị nweta ịnyịnya ndị agha, dị ka usoro ndị eze Han nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ (206 BCE - 9CE). [3] E webatara Ningxia na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu na usoro ndị eze Qin na narị afọ nke atọ BC. N'ime oge nile nke ọchịchị Han na usoro ndị eze Tang enwere ọtụtụ obodo ukwu e hiwere na mpaghara ahụ. Nnupụisi nke mpaghara Liang na njedebe nke Ọchịchị Han metụtara Ningxia.

Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke iri n'otu, ndị Tangut ehiwela usoro ndị eze ọdịda anyanwụ Xia na mpụga nke usoro ndị eze Song . Ndị Juu bikwa na Ningxia, dịka ọ na -egosi n'eziokwu na n'afọ 1489, mgbe nnukwu iju mmiri bibiri akwụkwọ mpịakọta Torah na Kaifeng, ndị obodo Ningbo na ndị Juu bi na Ningxia zigara ndị juu Kaifeng onye nnọchiteanya. [4]

Ọ bịara n'okpuru ọchịchị Mongol mgbe Genghis Khan meriri Yinchuan na mbido narị afọ nke iri na atọ. Ndị Alakụba si etiti Eshia malitekwara ịkwaga na Ningxia site n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Nnupụisi ndị Alakuba Dungan nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu metụtara Ningxia.

N'afọ 1914, ejikọtara Ningxia na mpaghara Gansu . Agbanyeghị, n'afọ 1928 ewepụrụ ya na Gansu wee bụrụ mpaghara dị iche. N'agbata afọ 1914 na 1928, ndị otu Ma chịrị ógbè Qinghai, Ningxia na Gansu; General Ma Hongkui bụ gọvanọ ndị agha nke Ningxia ma nwee ikike zuru oke na mpaghara ahụ. Esemokwu ndị Alakụba na Gansu, nke dị site na 1927 ruo 1930, rutere na Ningxia. Na 1934, onye ọchịagha na onye ọchịagha nke National Revolutionary Army Sun Dianying nwara imeri ógbè ahụ, mana njikọ aka nke ndị Ma clique meriri ya. [12]

Site na 1950 ruo 1958, mwakpo ndị Alakụba Kuomintang kpatara ịlụ ọgụ na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China, gụnyere Ningxia. Na 1954, gọọmentị China jikọtara Ningxia na Gansu, mana na 1958 Ningxia ghọrọ mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya nke China . Na 1969, Ningxia nwetara akụkụ nke mpaghara Mongolia kwụrụ onwe ya, mana eweghachiri mpaghara a na 1979.

E gwupụtara ọtụtụ ihe nka ochie China sitere na usoro ndị eze Tang na usoro ndị eze Song, nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ nke Eze Ukwu Zhenzong, nke egwuputara ọ wee bata n'aka Ma Hongkui, onye jụrụ ịkpọsa nchoputa ya. N'ime ihe ndị ahụ bụ mbadamba nkume marble ọcha sitere na usoro ndị eze Tang, mbọ ọla edo, na agbụ e ji ọla mee. Ọ bụ rue mgbe Ma nwụsịrị ka nwunye ya si America gaa Taiwan na 1971 butere arịa ndị ahụ na Chiang Kai-shek, onye tụbara ha n'ụlọ ebe a na- edebe ihe ngosi nka nke Taipei . [5]

 
Site na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala na -agbago n'elu ugwu Helan .

Ningxia nke ugbu a bụ otu n'ime obere ọkwa obodo yana ókèala mpaghara Shaanxi na Gansu na mpaghara Ime Mongolia nọrọ onwe ya . Na mita puku atọ, narị ise na iri ise na isii karịa elu oke osimiri, Aobaogeda (敖包疙瘩) n'ugwu Helan bụ ebe kachasị elu na Ningxia. [6]

Ningxia bụ mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ nke yiri ọzara ma nwee ọdịdị ala dị iche iche nke oke ọhịa na ugwu nta, ala tebụl, ọzara, ọzara ide mmiri na ọwa mmiri nke Osimiri Yellow kewara. Ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi Ningxia bụ otu n'ime mpaghara kacha pee mpe n'ọmụmụ. Nnukwu ịgba mmiri n'ala na-akwado itolite mkpụrụ osisi wolfberries , mkpụrụ osisi a na-erikarị na mpaghara ahu. Ọzara Ningxia gụnyere ọzara Tengger na Shapotou .

Akụkụ ugwu, nke Osimiri Yellow na -asọfe, na -akwado ala ọrụ ugbo kacha mma. ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, na -ejikọ Lanzhou na Baotou, gafere mpaghara ahụ. Arụọla okporo ụzọ gafere Osimiri Yellow na Yinchuan.

N'ụbọchị iri na isii nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 1920, ala ọma jijiji Haiyuan, ịdị ukwuu asatọ na ụma isii, na na digrii iri atọ n'isii na ụma isii nke mpaghara ugwu na digrii otu narị na ise na ụma iri atọ na abụọ nke mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ, butere usoro mbuze nke gburu ihe dị ka mmadụ Puku narị abụọ. Ihe karịrị nnukwu mkpọda ala narị isii dakwasịrị ihe karịrị ọdọ mmiri ọhụrụ iri anọ. [7]

N'afọ 2006, onyonyo satịlaịtị gosiri na mpaghara gbara ogige narị asaa na narị abụọ n'ime Ningxia- kilomita ise (mita atoo na otu uma) ọdịda anyanwụ nke Yinchuan, nke dị nso na ime obodo Huangyangtan dị nso-bụ mmeputa ihe ngosipụta dị nso nke otu n'ime narị ise nke mpaghara kilomita narị anọ na iri ise site narị atọ na iri ise nke Aksai Chin dị na okeala India, juputara n'oke ugwu, ndagwurugwu, ọdọ mmiri na ugwu. Amabeghị ebumnuche ya. [8] [9]

Ala ahịhịa

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A kọrọ na ihe dị ka pasentị iri atọ na anọ (mu nde iri atọ na atọ na ụma iri asatọ na ise) nke mpaghara ahụ bụ ala ahịhịa . [10] Ọnụ ọgụgụ a gbadara site na ihe dị ka pasent iri anọ n'afọ 1990. Ala ahịhịa a gbasara na mpaghara ọzara-ala ahihia nke dị na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ (nke mejupụtara akụkụ mpaghara ala ahihia ime Mongolia), na ebe ịta nri nke ugwu dị na ọkara ọzara ala dị larịị Loess nke na ndịda. [11] Achọpụtara na ala ahịhịa nke Ningxia emebiela ruo ogo dị iche iche. [12] Agbanyeghị, enwere arụmụka sayensị gbasara oke mbibi a na-ewere ọnọdụ dịka a tụrụ ya na oge na oghere. [13] Nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme chọtakwara obere ihe akaebe nke ịgbasa mbibi ahịhịa na mmebi ahịhịa na Ningxia. [3] [14] Akụkụ bụ isi na njikwa ala na Ningxia bụ mmachibido mmepe nri ahịhịa, nke dị adị kemgbe afọ 2003. [15] A na-agbagha mmetụta obibi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke mmachibido ịta ahịhịa a n'ihe metụtara ala ahịhịa na ebe obibi ndị na-azụ atụrụ. [11] Iwu mmachibido a kwuru na ịkpa anụ ụlọ ga-ejedebe n'ogige ndị mechiri emechi na enweghị ohere ịta ahịhịa n'ime oge ụfọdụ nke Gọọmentị Ndị Obodo Kwuru.

Ihu igwe

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Templeeti:Climate chartMpaghara ahụ bụ kilomita otu narị na narị abụọ (mi narị asaa na iri ise) site n'oké osimiri ma nwee ihu igwe kọntinent nke nwere oke okpomọkụ na -ebili site na digirii Celsius iri na asaa ruo iri abụọ na anọ (digirii F iri isii na atọ ruo iri asaa na ise) n'ọnwa Julaị na nkezi oge oyi na-ada n'etiti mwepụ digirii Celsius asaa ruo mwepu iri na ise (digirii F iri na itoolu ruo ise) n'ọnwa Jenụwarị. Oké okpomọkụ nke oge a nwere ike iru Digirii celsius iri atọ na itoolu (digirii F otu narị na abụọ) n'oge ọkọchị na digirii celsius mwepụ iri atọ (digirii F mwepụ iri abụọ na abụọ) n'oge oyi. Mgbawne Okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị nwere ike iru n'elu gafe digrii Celsius iri na asaa (digirii F iri atọ na otu), ọkachasị n'oge opupu ihe ubi. Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ sitere na millimita otu narị na iri itoolu ruo narị asaa (in asaa na ụma ise ruo iri abụọ na asaa na ụma isii), mmiri na-ezo karịa na mpaghara ndịda.

Ihe onwunwe ịnweta

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Ningxia bara ọgaranya ihe onwunwe na akụ nke nwere ụdị nkwụnye iri atọ na anọ, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ya dị na mpaghara ala ahịhịa. [11] N'afọ 2011 e mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ahịa onye ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a nwere ruru pasentị otu narị na iri isii na atọ na ụma ise nke nkezi obodo.Ningxia na-etu ọnụ maka ichekwa coal dị ihe karịrị ijeri tọn iri atọ, yana atụmatụ echekwara ihe karịrị ijeri tọn narị abụọ na abụọ, na -enye ọkwa nke isii na mba niile. A na-agbasa nkwụnye coal ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta nke Ningxia, ma na-egwupụta ya na mpaghara anọ dị n'ugwu Helan na Xiangshan, Ningdong na Yuanzhou (ma ọ bụ Guyuan). Enwere ike ịhụ mmanụ na mmanụ gas na mpaghara Yanchi na Lingwu, ọ dịkwa mma maka mmepe nke mmanụ, gas na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ. Ningxia na-edu China na nkwụnye gypsum, yana nchekwa nke ukwuu karịa tọn ijeri anọ na ụma ise, nke a na-adịghị ahụ mgbe ọbula, gypsum dị elu bụ ọkara nke ngụkọta Nkwụnye niile. Nkwụnye mpaghara Hejiakouzi na Tongxin na-egosipụta nchekwa nde tọn gypsum iri abụọ na ngụkọta nke

ọkpụrụkpụ mita narị. Enwere nnukwu nkwụnye nke quartz sandstone, nke achọpụtala nde tọn iri na asaa n'ime ya. Na mgbakwunye, enwere phosphorus, flint, ọla kọpa, iron, barite, mineral ndị ọzọ na nkume Helan - nkume ụrọ pụrụ iche . [1] [16]

Ọchịchị

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Nlele Yinchuan na -ele anya ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'elu Pagoda Temple Chengtian .
 
Ogige ndị mmadụ na Yinchuan.
 
Isi iyi Phoenix na Yinchuan.

A haziri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ningxia na usoro ọchịchị abụọ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ niile dị na Isi ala China .

Onye isi oche nke mpaghara a kwụụrụ onwe ya bụ onye nọ n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'ọchịchị gọọmentị nke Ningxia. Agbanyeghị, na usoro ọchịchị pati abụọ nke mpaghara a kwụụrụ onwe ya, Onye isi oche enweghị ikike karịa onye Patị Kọmunist nke Chinaodeakwụkwọ Kọmitii Ningxia nke akpọrọ "Ningxia CPC Party Chief ".

Ningxia nwere nkwekọrịta enyi na mpaghara Sogn og Fjordane nke Norway. [17]

Nkewa nchịkwa

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  E kewara Ningxia na ngalaba ọkwa ise : obodo ọkwa niile :

Ngalaba nchịkwa nke Ningxia
Templeeti:Image label begin

Templeeti:Image label Templeeti:Image label Templeeti:Image label Templeeti:Image label Templeeti:Image label

Shizuishan
Wuzhong
Guyuan
Zhongwei
Koodu nkewa [18] Nkewa Mpaghara n'ime km 2 [19] Ọnụọgụgụ ndị mmadụ 2010 [20] Oche Nkewa [21]
Mpaghara Mpaghara Obodo CL
640000 Mpaghara Ningxia Hui 66400.00 6,301,350 Obodo Yinchuan 9 11 2
640100 Obodo Yinchuan 8874.61 1,993,088 Mpaghara Jinfeng 3 2 1
640200 Obodo Shizuishan 5208.13 725,482 Mpaghara Dawukou 2 1
640300 Wuzhong obodo 21420.14 1,273,792 Mpaghara Litong 2 2 1
640400 Obodo Guyuan 13449.03 1,228,156 Mpaghara Yuanzhou 1 4
640500 Zhongwei obodo 17448.09 1,080,832 District Shapotou 1 2

A na-ekewa obodo ise ọkwa Ningxia n'ime ngalaba ọkwa ime obodo iri abụọ na abụọ ( mpaghara iteghete, obodo abuo dị n'ọkwa, na ógbè iri na otu).

Mpaghara obodo mepere emepe

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Onu ogugu site na mpaghara ime obodo & obodo ime obodo
# Obodo Mpaghara obodo [22] Mpaghara mpaghara [22] Obodo kwesịrị ekwesị [22] Ubochi onuogugu
1 Yinchuan 1,159,457 1,290,170 1,993,088 2010-11-01
2 Shizuishan 403,901 472,472 725,482 2010-11-01
3 Wuzhong 232,134 544,362 1,273,792 2010-11-01
4 Zhongwei 160,279 378,606 1,080,832 2010-11-01
5 Guyuan 130,155 411,854 1,228,156 2010-11-01
6 Lingwu 125,976 261,677 see Yinchuan 2010-11-01
7 Qingtongxia 99,367 264,717 see Wuzhong 2010-11-01

Akụ na ụba

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Ememe owuwe ihe ubi Wolfberry.

Ime obodo Ningxia bụ n'ogologo oge mpaghara akpọrọ mpaghara ịda ogbenye, ọ ka dịkwa na ọkwa ala nke ọkwa mmepe. [11] Ọ bụ mpaghara nwere GDP nke atọ kacha pee mpe (Tibet bụ nke ikpeazụ) na China, n'agbanyeghị agbata obi ya, Ime Mongolia na Shaanxi, so na akụ na ụba mpaghara na-apụta ike na mba ahụ. GDP ọnụ ya na-afọ 2011 bụ naanị ijeri yuan narị abụọ (ijeri US $ iri atọ na abụọ na ụma asaa) yana GDP nke otu onye bu yuan puku iri abụọ na otu na narị anọ na iri asaa (US $ puku atọ  na otu narị na iri anọ na atọ). Ọ na-enye 0.44% nke akụ na ụba mba .

Ọrụ ugbo

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site na Oyiyi nke mpaghara ndị ọzọ, Ningxia ahụtala ọdida nwayọ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo onwe ya n'ihi ịkwaga mbughari site na ime obodo gaa obodo mepere emepe. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ihe ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ (pasent iri isii na abụọ na ụma asatọ) ka na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'oge nyocha ahụ. [23] Ịzụ anụmanụ dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba mpaghara. N'ime mpaghara na azụ atụrụ, Yanchi, ọ bụ ọbụna ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga mgbe akọwapụtara ya maka ngalaba izizi. Anụmanụ ndị na-ata nri bụ kacha na atụrụ na ewu. [24] Na mpaghara (ọkara) ndị na-azụ atụrụ, ndị na-azụ anụ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na-anọkarị otu ebe na-arụ ọrụ ubi akọrọ na nnukwu anụ ụlọ, ebe a na-emezịghị ọzụzụ anụ ụlọ zuru ezu. [11]

Ningxia bụ mpaghara izizi na China ebe a na-akụ mkpụrụosisi Wolfberries. Ndị ọkachamara ndi ọzọ nke Ningxia bụ licorice, ngwaahịa e mere si nkume Helan, fiddlehead na ngwaahịa e mere site na ajị atụrụ .

Mmanya Ningxia bụ mpaghara na -ekwe nkwa mmepe. Ndị ọchịchị China enyela nkwado maka mmepe ntọala ala ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Helan dịka mpaghara dabara maka imepụta mmanya. Ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanya China gụnyere Changyu na Wine Dynasty amalitela mmepe na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara ahụ. Ha niile nwere ala hekta puku iri abụọ ugbu a maka ebe a na-akọ mmanya na usoro ndị eze emeela ka nde yuan narì banye Ningxia. Na mgbakwunye, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ na China ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na kemikal hiwere ntọala mkpụrụ vaịn n'akụkụ ugwu Helan. Ulọ ọrụ ngwa ụlọ Mideaamalitekwala isonye na ụlọ ọrụ mmanya Ningxia. E guzobewo ubi vaịn na mpaghara ahụ. [25]

Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mpaghara akụ na ụba

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E guzobere mpaghara mmepe akụ na ụba na teknụzụ Yinchuan [26] n'afọ 1992. Na -akwado kilomita iri atọ na abụọ, ọ na -enwe mmepụta akụ na ụba kwa afọ ijeri Rmbiri abụọ na atọ na ụma asaa (25.1% gbagoro) (Ijeri US $ atọ na ụma ise). Nnukwu ndị na-etinye ego bụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara dị ka Kocel Steel Foundry, FAG Railway Bearing (Ningxia), Ningxia Little Giant Machine Tools, dgz. Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere igwe na nrụpụta akụrụngwa, ihe ọhụrụ, kemịkalụ dị mma na ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ihe nkiri.

Ogige ụlọ ọrụ Desheng (na Ogbe Helan. ) bụ ntọala maka ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ narị anọ. Ogige ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere ụdọ ụlọ ọrụ sitere na nri na ngwa ahịa ndị Alakụba ruo azụmaahịa na lọjistik, ihe ọhụrụ na ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ nwere ijeri yuan iri asatọ na akụ ofu. Desheng na-ele anya ka ọ bụrụ ogige mmepụta ihe na -ekwe nkwa nke ọma n'obodo. O nwetara ngụkọta mmepụta nke ijeri anọ na ụma iri asatọ na ise n'afọ 2008, rịrị pasent iri anọ kwa afọ. Gọọmentị ime obodo na-ezube ibelata ụtụ isi na ụgwọ ndị ọzọ iji belata ibu dị na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara. Ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ruru ijeri yuan abụọ na ụma iri isii na asatọ n'afọ 2008, mmụba nke pasent iri anọ na asatọ site n'afọ gara aga.

Ụgbọ njem

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Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Yinchuan Hedong

Ọdụ ụgbọelu

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  • Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Yinchuan Hedong International
  • Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Zhongwei Shapotou
  • Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Guyuan Liupanshan
  • Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Wuhai (na -eje ozi mpaghara ugwu)

Okporo ụzọ

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  • Okporo ụzọ mba China 109
  • Okporo ụzọ mba China 110
  • Okporo ụzọ mba China 211
  • Okporo ụzọ mba China 307
  • Okporo ụzọ mba China 309
  • Okporo ụzọ mba China 312

Àkwà mmiri

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  • Ọdọ Taole Yellow River Expressway Bridge (陶乐黄河大桥)

Okporo ígwè

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  • Baotou -Lanzhou ụgbọ okporo ígwè
  • Baoji -Zhongwei ụgbọ okporo ígwè (宝中铁路)

Mmụta

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Ndị mmadụ

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Templeeti:Historical populations

Okpukpe

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Templeeti:Pie chartOkpukpe ndị bụ isi na Ningxia bụ Alakụba n'etiti ndị Hui China, ebe ọtụtụ ndị Han Chinese na -ekpe okpukpe ndị China, Taoism, Confucianism na Buddha ndị China . Dika nyocha igwe mmadụ nke afọ 2010, ndị Alakụba bụ pacentị iri atọ na anọ nke ndị bi na mpaghara. [27] Ndị n'eso ụzọ Kraịst bụ okpukpe nke Otu pacentị na ụma iri na asaa nke ndị bi na mpaghara dị ka nyocha ọha China nke afọ 2004. [28]

N'afọ 2008, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ alakụba na Ningxia bụ puku atọ, narị asaa na iri isii, ma ọ bụ otu onye n'ime ndị Alakụba narị isee na iri asaa na asaa. [29]

 
Nnukwu ụlọ alakụba Tongxin, otu n'ime ụlọ alakụba kacha ochie na Ningxia . Ọdịiche ọdịnala ama ama n'etiti ndị obodo.

Ụlọ ọgwụ

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  • Ụlọ Ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke Ningxia
  • Ụlọ ọgwụ nke ọgwụ ọdịnala China nke Ningxia
  • Ụlọ ọgwụ mmekọ Kọlejị ọgwụ Ningxia.
  • Ụlọ ọgwụ Yinchuan nke Ọgwụ China ọdịnala
  • Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ Yinchuan
  • Ụlọ ọgwụ Stomatology nke Yinchuan
  • Ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nke Yinchuan
  • Ebe nlekọta ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nke Ningixa
  • Yinchuan Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke mbụ
  • Yinchuan Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke abụọ
  • Yinchuan Ụlọ Ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke atọ
  • Shizuishan Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke abụọ
  • Ụlọ ọgwụ Guyuan nke Ningxia

Njem nleta

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Ili nke Western Xia

Otu n'ime ebe nlegharị anya Ningxia bụ saịtị Ili Xixia kilomita iri atọ (mi iri na itoolu) mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Yinchuan . Ihe ndị fọdụrụ ili ndị eze itoolu ọdịda anyanwụ Xia na ili abụọ ọzọ dị n'ime kilomita iri ise mpaghara. Ebe ndị ọzọ a ma ama na Ningxia gụnyere Ugwu Helan, ihe omimi stupas otu narị na asatọ, ejima pagodas nke Baisikou na Ebe nche nyocha ọzara na Shapatou . Ebe nlegharị anya nke ndị njem nleta anaghị aga na Ningxia bụ Ugwu Sumeru Grottoes (须弥山), nke bụ otu n'ime ụzọ iri ama ama karịa na China. [30]

Ngosi ihe mgbe ochie

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  • Ningxia Museum, mepere na 1988
  • Ningxia Transportation Museum, mepere na Ọgọst 2008
  • (MOCA Yinchuan) Museum of Contemporary Art Yinchuan, mepere na 8 Ọgọst 2015.

Hụkwa

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  • Isi mba akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala saịtị na Ningxia

Ebensidee

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Nkọwa

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hsieh. Ningxia (en). Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2016-10-27. Retrieved on 2021-08-23.
  2. ↑ Tobin. "Can China Become the Wine World's Next California?", South China Morning Post, 12 May 2019. (in en)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ho (2000). "The Myth of Desertification at China's Northwestern Frontier: The Case of Ningxia Province, 1929-1958" (in en). Modern China 26 (3): 348–395. DOI:10.1177/009770040002600304. 
  4. ↑ Xu (2003). The Jews of Kaifeng: China History, Culture, and Religion (in en). Jersey City, NJ: Ktav Publishing House. 
  5. ↑ (2000) China Archaeology and Art Digest, Volume 3, Issue 4. Art Text (HK). Retrieved on 28 November 2010. 
  6. ↑ "Dēng áobāo gēda shǎng juédǐng měijǐng", Fènghuáng zīxùn, 2 September 2014. Retrieved on 6 November 2018. (in zh)
  7. ↑ Feng (1985). "Earthquake Landslides in China", Proceedings, IVth International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides (in en). Tokyo: Japan Landslide Society, 339–346. 
  8. ↑ Haines. "Chinese Black Helicopters Circle Google Earth", The Register, 19 July 2006. (in en)
  9. ↑ Cassidy, Katherine (13 September 2006).
  10. ↑ Ningxia Bureau of Statistics, 2013, 1.2
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Ho (2016). "Empty Institutions, Non-Credibility and Pastoralism: China’s Grazing Ban, Mining and Ethnicity" (in en). The Journal of Peasant Studies 43 (6): 1145–1176. DOI:10.1080/03066150.2016.1239617. 
  12. ↑ Ho (2010). "Rangeland Degradation in North China: Perceptions of Pastoralists" (in en). Environmental Research 110 (3): 302–307. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2009.12.007. PMID 20106474. 
  13. ↑ Ho (2001). "Rangeland Degradation in North China Revisited? A Preliminary Statistical Analysis to Validate Non-Equilibrium Range Ecology". The Journal of Development Studies 37 (3): 99–133. DOI:10.1080/00220380412331321991. 
  14. ↑ Ho (2003). "Mao's War against Nature? The Environmental Impact of the Grain-First Campaign in China" (in en). The China Journal 50 (50): 37–59. DOI:10.2307/3182245. 
  15. ↑ Zhou, Z. 2013.
  16. ↑ Níngxià kuàngchǎn zīyuán gàikuàng jí fēnbù (zh). Zhōngguó bǎikē wǎng (2011-03-16). Archived from the original on 2014-11-12. Retrieved on 2021-08-23.
  17. ↑ Rivedal (17 July 2015). Ningxia og Sogn og Fjordane eit steg vidare på samarbeidsvegen (no). Sfj.no. Retrieved on 7 May 2015.
  18. ↑ Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó xiàn yǐshàng xíngzhèng qūhuà dàimǎ (zh-hans).
  19. ↑ Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. Shēnzhèn tǒngjì niánjiàn 2014 / 2014 Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook (in zh-hans,en). China Statistics Print. Retrieved on 29 May 2015. 
  20. ↑ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (2012). Zhōngguó 2010 rénkǒu pǔchá fēn xiāng, zhèn, jiēdào zīliào, 1, Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2. 
  21. ↑ Zhonghua renmin gongheguo minzhengbu (2014). Zhōngguó mínzhèng tǒngjì niánjiàn 2014 (in zh-hans). Zhongguo tongji chuban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Guowuyuan renkou pucha bangongshi (2012). Zhōngguó 2010 nián rénkǒu pǔchá fēn xiàn zīliào (in zh). Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6. 
  23. ↑ Ningxia Bureau of Statistics 2013, 4.2
  24. ↑ Ningxia Bureau of Statistics 2013, 11.20
  25. ↑ Phillips. "China's Bordeaux: winemakers in 'gold rush' to turn desert into vineyards", The Guardian, 14 June 2016.
  26. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified. Ycda.gov.cn (24 April 2015). Retrieved on 7 May 2015.
  27. ↑ Min Junqing.
  28. ↑ China General Social Survey 2004.
  29. ↑ Níngxià měi 577 míng mùsīlín yǒngyǒu yīzuò qīngzhēnsì-sōuhú xīnwén (zh). news.sohu.com (2008-05-09). Retrieved on 2021-01-11.
  30. ↑ Guyuan Travel Guide: Map, Location, Climate, Attractions (en). travelchinaguide.com. Retrieved on 29 January 2015.

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