Ngalaba Gọọmentị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe

  

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) bụ otu gọọmentị etiti nke United Nations. Ọrụ ya bụ ịkwalite ihe ọmụma sayensị gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe nke ọrụ mmadụ na-eme. Otu World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) na United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) hibere IPCC na 1988. United Nations kwadoro imepụta IPCC ka emechara n'afọ ahụ. O nwere odeakwụkwọ na Geneva, Switzerland, nke WMO kwadoro. O nwere obodo 195 na-achị IPCC. Mba ndị otu ahụ na-ahọpụta ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị iji jee ozi site na usoro ntule. Otu okirikiri na-abụkarị afọ isii ruo afọ asaa. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ahọrọ ndị ọkachamara iji kwado akụkọ IPCC. Ọ na-adọta ndị ọkachamara site na nhọpụta nke gọọmentị na otu ndị na-ekiri ihe. IPCC nwere otu ọrụ atọ na ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ sayensị.

IPCC na-agwa gọọmentị gbasara ọnọdụ ịma mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ na-eme nke a site n'inyocha akwụkwọ sayensị niile dị mkpa na isiokwu a. Nke a gụnyere mmetụta okike, akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ihe egwu. Ọ na-ekpuchikwa nhọrọ nzaghachi enwere ike. IPCC anaghị eme nyocha izizi nke ya. Ọ chọrọ ịbụ ebumnobi na nke sara mbara. Ọtụtụ puku ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ wepụtara onwe ha iji nyochaa akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. Ha na-achịkọta isi nchoputa n'ime "Assessment Report" maka ndị na-eme iwu na ọha na eze; Ndị ọkachamara akọwawo ọrụ a dị ka usoro nyocha ndị ọgbọ kachasị na mpaghara sayensị.

IPCC bụ ikike mba ụwa nabatara maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ndị ọkachamara sayensị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na gọọmentị ndị otu niile kwadoro nchoputa ya. Mgbasa ozi, gọọmentị, ndị otu obodo na azụmaahịa na-ehota akụkọ ya. Akụkọ IPCC na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mkparịta ụka ihu igwe kwa afọ nke United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) na-enwe. Akụkọ nyocha nyocha nke ise IPCC bụ mmetụta dị mkpa na Agreement Paris akara na 2015. IPCC kesara 2007 Nobel Peace Prize na Al Gore maka ntinye aka na nghọta mgbanwe ihu igwe.

IPCC malitere okirikiri ntule nke asaa ya na 2023. N'August 2021, IPCC bipụtara onyinye ya na-arụ ọrụ otu m na mkpesa nyocha nke isii (IPCC AR6) na ndabere sayensị anụ ahụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. The Guardian kọwara akụkọ a dị ka "ịdọ aka na ntị kachasị njọ" nke "nnukwu mgbanwe ihu igwe a na-apụghị izere ezere na nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe". Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ gburugburu ụwa kwughachiri isiokwu a. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2022, IPCC weputara akụkọ ya na-arụ ọrụ Group II gbasara mmetụta na mmegharị. Ọ bipụtara onyinye "mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe" Working Group III na nyocha nke isii na Eprel 2022. Akụkọ nyocha nke isii mechiri na mkpesa Synthesis na Maachị 2023.

N'ime oge nke akụkọ nyocha nke isii, IPCC wepụtara akụkọ atọ pụrụ iche. Nke mbụ na nke kachasị emetụta bụ akụkọ pụrụ iche na okpomọkụ ụwa nke 1.5 ° C na 2018. Na 2019 Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL), na Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Change Climate (SROCC) bịara. pụọ. IPCC emelitere usoro ya na 2019. Ya mere usoro ntule nke isii bụ nke kacha nwee nnukwu ọchịchọ na akụkọ IPCC.

Mmalite ya

Onye bu ụzọ IPCC bu ụzọ bụ Group Advisory on Greenhouse Gases (AGGG). Òtù atọ hibere AGGG na 1986. Ndị a bụ International Council of Science Unions, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), na World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). AGGG tụlere nyocha sayensị gbasara ikuku ikuku. Ọ mụọkwara mmụba nke ikuku griin haus. Sayensị ihu igwe na-aghọwanye mgbagwoju anya ma na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ ọzụzụ. Obere ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị enweghị ihe onwunwe iji kpuchie sayensị ihu igwe.

Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke United States chọrọ mgbakọ mba ụwa iji gbochie ikuku ikuku griin. Ndị nchịkwa Reagan na-echegbu onwe ha na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nọọrọ onwe ha ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu. Ya mere, WMO na UNEP mere IPCC ka ọ bụrụ otu gọọmentị etiti na 1988. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekere òkè na IPCC dịka ndị ọkachamara na ndị nnọchiteanya gọọmenti. IPCC na-ewepụta akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị niile na-eduga. Ndị ọchịchị otu ga-akwadorịrị akụkọ ndị ahụ site na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta. Ya mere IPCC bụ ma òtù sayensị na nzukọ nke gọọmentị. Ọrụ ya bụ ịgwa gọọmentị ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị maara banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ na-enyochakwa mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na nhọrọ maka ime ya. IPCC na-eme nke a site n'ịtụle akwụkwọ sayensị ndị ọgbọ nyochara.

Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kwadoro imepụta IPCC na 1988. Mkpebi Nzukọ Ezumezu kwuru na ọrụ mmadụ nwere ike ịgbanwe ihu igwe. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. O kwuru na ịba ụba nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike ime ka ụwa dị ọkụ. Nke a ga-eme ka ọkwa oke osimiri na-ebili. Mmetụta dịịrị ụmụ mmadụ ga-ajọ njọ ma ọ bụrụ na e meghị ihe n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị.

Nhazi

Nkwado nke Nchịkọta maka Ndị Na-eme Iwu nke IPCC Special Report on Global Warming nke 1.5°C na 2018

Ụzọ e si arụ ọrụ

IPCC anaghị eme nyocha izizi. Ọ na-emepụta nyocha zuru oke na ọnọdụ ihe ọmụma banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ na-akwado akụkọ gbasara isiokwu pụrụ iche metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ na-emepụtakwa usoro. Usoro ndị a na-enyere mba dị iche iche aka ịkọpụta ikuku ikuku griin ha na mwepụ ha site na sink. Ntụle ya na-adabere na akụkọ ndị gara aga na akwụkwọ sayensị. N'ime nyocha isii, akụkọ ndị ahụ na-egosipụta ihe akaebe na-eto eto maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ha gosikwara otú nke a si metụta ọrụ mmadụ.

Iwu na ụkpụrụ na-achịkwa

IPCC anabatala iwu nke usoro ya na "ụkpụrụ na-achị ọrụ IPCC". Ndị a na-ekwu na IPCC ga-enyocha:

• ihe ize ndụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nke ọrụ mmadụ kpatara,
• mmetụta ya, na
• nhọrọ ndị nwere ike ime maka mgbochi.

N'okpuru iwu IPCC, nyocha ya bụ nke zuru oke, ebumnobi, mepere emepe na nke doro anya. Ha na-ekpuchi ozi niile metụtara nghọta sayensị nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. Nke a na-adọta na ozi sayensị, teknụzụ na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba. Akụkọ IPCC ga-abụrịrị nnọpụiche gbasara ntụnye iwu. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ike ileba anya n'ebumnobi ihe ndị dị mkpa iji wepụta atumatu.

Ọdịdị ya

IPCC nwere usoro ndị a:

• Ogwe IPCC: Na-ezukọ na nnọkọ nnọkọ ihe dị ka ugboro abụọ n'afọ. Ọ nwere ike na-ezute ọtụtụ mgbe maka nkwado akụkọ. Ọ na-achịkwa nhazi, usoro, mmemme ọrụ na mmefu ego nke IPCC. Ọ na-anabata ma na-akwado akụkọ IPCC. Ogwe ahụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ IPCC.
• Onye isi oche: Ndị otu ahụ họpụtara ya. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Bureau na ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-anọchite anya nzukọ ahụ.
• Ọfịs: Ndị otu ahụ họpụtara ya. Ọ nwere ndị otu 34 ugbu a sitere na mpaghara mpaghara dị iche iche. E wezụga Onye isi oche na ndị isi oche IPCC atọ, ha na-enye ndị ndu maka ìgwè ọrụ atọ nke IPCC na Task Force. Ọ na-enye ntụziaka na Panel na akụkụ sayensị na teknụzụ nke ọrụ ya.
• Òtù Ọrụ: Nke ọ bụla nwere ndị isi abụọ, otu sitere na mba mepere emepe na otu sitere na obodo na-emepe emepe. Otu nkwado teknụzụ na-akwado otu ọrụ ọ bụla. Nzukọ nke Òtù Na-arụ Ọrụ na-akwado Nchịkọta maka Ndị Na-eme Iwu nke nyocha na akụkọ pụrụ iche. Òtù Ọrụ ọ bụla nwere ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a na-agụnye ndị isi oche na ndị isi oche, ndị bụkwa ndị otu IPCC Bureau.
  • Òtù Ọrụ I: Na-enyocha akụkụ sayensị nke usoro ihu igwe na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ndị isi oche: Robert Vautard (France) na Xiaoye Zhang (China)
  • Òtù Ọrụ nke Abụọ: Na-enyocha mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na usoro mmadụ na nke okike. Na-enyocha nhọrọ mgbanwe. Ndị isi oche: Bart van den Hurk (Netherlands) na Winston Chow (Singapore)
  • Otu na-arụ ọrụ nke Abụọ: Na-enyocha mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na sistemu mmadụ na eke. Nyochaa nhọrọ mmegharị. Ndị isi oche: Bart van den Hurk (Netherland) na Winston Chow (Singapore) Otu na-arụ ọrụ III: Na-enyocha otu esi akwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe site na ịmachi ikuku ikuku griin haus. (Amara dị ka "mbelata".) Ndị isi oche: Katherine Calvin (United States) na Joy Jacqueline Pereira (Malaysia)
• Task Force na National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Ọ na-emepụta usoro maka ịtụle ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ. Ndị isi oche: Takeshi Enoki (Japan) na Mazhar Hayat (Pakistan)
  • Task Force Bureau: Ọ nwere ndị isi abụọ, ndị bụkwa ndị otu IPCC Bureau, na ndị otu 12.
• Kọmitii Nchịkwa: Ọ na-agụnye Onye isi oche, Ndị isi oche IPCC na ndị isi oche nke Òtù Ọrụ na Task Force. Ọ na-ekwu maka okwu ngwa ngwa na-ebilite n'etiti nnọkọ nke Panel.
• Secretariat: Na-ahụ maka ọrụ, na-akwado Onye isi oche na Ọfịs, ebe njikọ maka gọọmentị. Nkwado nke UNEP na WMO.

Oche

Onye isi oche nke IPCC bụ onye Britain na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba Jim Skea. Skea jere ozi kemgbe 28 Julaị 2023 na ntuli aka nke ụlọ ọrụ IPCC ọhụrụ. Onye bu ya ụzọ bụ onye Korea bụ onye akụ na ụba Hoesung Lee, onye a họpụtara na 2015. Oche ndị gara aga bụ Rajendra K. Pachauri, onye a họpụtara na 2002, Robert Watson, onye a họpụtara na 1997, na Bert Bolin, họpụtara na 1988.

Ogwe osisi

Panel ahụ nwere ndị nnọchi anya gọọmentị họpụtara. Ha na-eso na nnọkọ zuru ezu nke IPCC na otu ọrụ ya. Otu ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na ndị gọọmentị etiti nwere ike ịga dị ka ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri. Nzukọ ndị otu IPCC bụ naanị òkù. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 500 sitere na mba 130 gara nnọkọ nke 48 nke Panel na Incheon, Republic of Korea. Nke a mere na October 2018. Ha gụnyere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị 290 na ndị nnọchiteanya 60 nke òtù ndị na-ekiri ihe. Ememe mmeghe nke nnọkọ ndị otu na nzukọ ndị ode akwụkwọ ghe oghe maka mgbasa ozi. Ma ọ bụghị ya, a na-emechi nzukọ IPCC.

Nkwado

IPCC na-enweta ego site na ego ntụkwasị obi raara onwe ya nye. UNEP na WMO hibere ego a n'afọ 1989. Ego ntụkwasị obi na-enweta onyinye ego kwa afọ site n'aka gọọmentị ndị otu. WMO, UNEP na otu ndị ọzọ na-enyekwa aka. Ịkwụ ụgwọ bụ nke afọ ofufo ma enweghị ego a kapịrị ọnụ achọrọ. WMO na-ekpuchi ụgwọ ọrụ nke odeakwụkwọ. Ọ na-esetịpụ ụkpụrụ na iwu gbasara ego nke IPCC. Otu panel na-edobe mmefu ego kwa afọ.

Na 2021, mmefu ego nke IPCC kwa afọ ruru ihe dị ka nde euro isii, nke mba ndị otu UN 195 na-akwado, ndị na-enye onyinye "n'onwe ha na afọ ofufo". N'afọ 2021, mba ndị kacha enye ego gụnyere United States, Japan, France, Germany na Norway. Mba ndị ọzọ, na-abụkarị ndị na-emepe emepe, na-enye "onyinye n'ụdị, site n'ịkwado nzukọ IPCC". Na 2022, mmefu ego a bụ ihe na-erughị nde euro asatọ.

Ndepụta nke akụkọ niile

Year	Name of report	Type of report
2023	AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023 (March 2023)	Synthesis Report
2021 and 2022	Sixth Assessment Report (AR6): Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (Working Group I, August 2021), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Working Group II, February 2022), Mitigation of Climate Change (Working Group III, April 2022)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)
2019	Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC)	Special Report
2019	Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL)	Special Report
2019	2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories	Methodology Report
2018	Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw_w"> </span>°C (SR15)	Special Report
2014	AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014	Synthesis Report
2013 and 2014	Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (Working Group I, September 2013), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Working Group II, March 2014), Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change (Working Group III, April 2014)	Assessment (Working Group contributions)
2013	2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands	Methodology Report
2013	2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol	Methodology Report
2011	Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX)	Special Report
2011	Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)	Special Report
2007	AR4 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2007	Synthesis Report
2007	Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (Working Group I, February 2007), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (Working Group II, April 2007), Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change (Working Group III, May 2007)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)
2006	2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories	Methodology Report
2005	Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System	Special Report
2005	Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage	Special Report
2003	Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry	Methodology Report
2003	Definitions and Methodological Options to Inventory Emissions from Direct Human-induced Degradation of Forests and Devegatation of Other Vegetation Types	Methodology Report
2001	TAR Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2001	Synthesis Report
2001	Third Assessment Report (TAR) Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Working Group I), Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (Working Group II), Climate Change 2001: Mitigation (Working Group III)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)
2000	Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories	Methodology Report
2000	Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer	Special Report
2000	Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry	Special Report
2000	Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)	Special Report
1999	Aviation and the Global Atmosphere	Special Report
1997	The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability	Special Report
1996	Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories	Methodology Report
1996	SAR Synthesis Report: Climate Change 1995	Synthesis Report
1995	Second Assessment Report (SAR) Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change (Working Group I), Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses (Working Group II), Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change (Working Group III)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)
1994	IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories	Methodology Report
1994	Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and An Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios	Special Report
1994	IPCC Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations	Special Report
1992	FAR Climate Change: The IPCC 1990 and 1992 Assessments (June 1992) (includes an Overview of the whole report)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)/Synthesis Report
1992	FAR Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment (Working Group I, February 2022), Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Impacts Assessment (Working Group II, February 2022)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)
1990	First Assessment Report (FAR) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment (Working Group I), Climate Change: The IPCC Impacts Assessment (Working Group II), Climate Change: The IPCC Response Strategies (Working Group III)	Assessment Report (Working Group contributions)

Ihe omume ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nkwadebe akụkọ

IPCC gbadoro ụkwụ n'ọrụ ya na mkpebi WMO na UNEP bụ ndị hiwere IPCC. Ọ na-akwadokwa ọrụ UNFCCC. Isi ọrụ nke IPCC bụ ịkwadebe nyocha na akụkọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-akwadokwa mmemme ndị ọzọ dị ka Ebe Nkesa Data. Nke a na-enyere aka ijikwa data metụtara akụkọ IPCC.

IPCC nwere "atụmatụ okike na mmejuputa atumatu" iji tinye uche na okike n'ọrụ ya. Ọ na-achọ ịrụ ọrụ ya na nsonye na nkwanye ùgwù. IPCC bu n'obi itule n'ikere òkè na ọrụ IPCC. Nke a kwesịrị inye ndị niile sonyere ohere nha anya.

Ọrụ nkwukọrịta na mgbasa ozi

IPCC kwalitere mmemme nkwukọrịta ya maka mkpesa nyocha nke ise. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, o mere ka akụkọ akwadoro na ntọhapụ mgbasa ozi dị maka mgbasa ozi edebanyere aha n'okpuru mmachi tupu ahapụ ya. Ma jiri kalenda mgbasa ozi gbasaa ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya. IPCC mere Nzukọ Ọkachamara na nzikọrịta ozi na February 2016, na mmalite nke okirikiri akụkọ nyocha nke isii. Ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ochie na ndị ọhụrụ na ndị ọkachamara nkwurịta okwu na ndị na-eme ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ na nzukọ a. Nzukọ a weputara ọtụtụ ndụmọdụ. Ndị IPCC nakweere ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Otu bụ iwebata ndị nwere nka nzikọrịta ozi n'ime Ngalaba Nkwado nka na ụzụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọzọ bụ ịtụle ajụjụ nzikọrịta ozi n'oge na-akwadebe akụkọ.

N'ịgbaso usoro ndị a na nkwukọrịta, IPCC hụrụ mmụba dị ukwuu na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi nke akụkọ ya. Nke a bụ nke kachasị na mkpesa pụrụ iche banyere okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1.5 Celsius C na 2018 na mgbanwe ihu igwe 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I ntinye aka na mkpesa nyocha nke isii, na 2021. Enwekwara mmasị ọha na eze ka ukwuu. gosipụtara na ndị ntorobịa na mmegharị ndị ọzọ pụtara na 2018.

Akụkọ IPCC dị mkpa maka mmata ọha na eze maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na ime amụma metụtara ya. Nke a ebutela ọtụtụ ọmụmụ agụmakwụkwọ nke nkwukọrịta IPCC, dịka ọmụmaatụ na 2021.

Nchịkọta Ihe Ochie

IPCC na-edobe akụkọ ya na faịlụ eletrọnịkị na webụsaịtị ya. Ha gụnyere nkọwa nyocha na mpempe akụkọ. Ebe nchekwa nchekwa gburugburu Sayensị na Ọha Ọha na Ọbá akwụkwọ Harvard na-edokwa ha ebe nchekwa.

Akụkọ nyocha

N'agbata 1990 na 2023, IPCC ebipụtala akụkọ nyocha isii zuru oke na-enyocha sayensị ihu igwe kachasị ọhụrụ. IPCC ewepụtakwala akụkọ iri na anọ pụrụiche gbasara isiokwu ụfọdụ. Akụkọ ntule ọ bụla nwere akụkụ anọ. Ndị a bụ onyinye sitere na nke ọ bụla n'ime otu atọ a na-arụ ọrụ, gbakwunyere akụkọ njikọ. Akụkọ njikọ ahụ jikọtara onyinye otu ndị ọrụ. Ọ na-ejikọta akụkọ ọ bụla pụrụ iche emepụtara na okirikiri ntule ahụ.

Usoro nyocha nke akwụkwọ sayensị

IPCC anaghị eme nyocha nke ya. Ọ naghị enyocha data metụtara ihu igwe. Akụkọ nke IPCC na-enyocha akwụkwọ sayensị yana nsonaazụ nnwere onwe sitere na ngalaba sayensị ndị ọzọ. IPCC na-ewepụta oge ngwụcha maka ibipụta akwụkwọ sayensị nke akụkọ ga-ekpuchi. Akụkọ ahụ agaghị agụnye ozi ọhụrụ na-apụta mgbe njedebe a gasịrị. Agbanyeghị, enwere mgbanwe mgbanwe nke isi nchoputa yana ọkwa ntụkwasị obi sayensị site n'otu akụkọ nyocha gaa na nke ọzọ. Akuko IPCC nke ọ bụla na-edetu mpaghara ebe sayensị emelitere kemgbe akụkọ gara aga. Ọ na-ekwukwa ebe ndị ga-erite uru site n'ịchọkwu nyocha.

Nhọrọ na ọrụ nke ndị edemede

Isi mmalite nke steeti ndị otu - onye nke steeti ọ bụla họpụtara ka ya na IPCC nwee njikọ - yana ndị otu na-ekiri ihe na-edobere ụlọ ọrụ IPCC ndepụta ndị mmadụ, nke ha mebere n'efu. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ (kpọmkwem, ndị isi oche nke ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa, site n'enyemaka nke ngalaba nkwado teknụzụ ya) na-eji ndepụta ndị a dị ka ihe ndabere maka ịhọpụta ndị edemede, ma na-ejigide ohere nke ịhọpụta ndị na-anọghị na listi ahụ, bụ isi. na ndabere nke nkà mmụta sayensị kacha mma na iche iche echiche, na n'ókè dị nta site n'ịhụ na mpaghara iche iche, ahụmahụ n'ime IPCC na okike. Ndị ode akwụkwọ nwere ike ịgụnye, na mgbakwunye na ndị nyocha, ndị mmadụ sitere na ngalaba nkeonwe yana ndị ọkachamara sitere na NGO.

Ụlọ ọrụ IPCC ma ọ bụ Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-arụ ọrụ na-ahọrọ ndị dere akụkọ sitere na nhọpụta gọọmentị. Ndị isi ode akwụkwọ akụkọ IPCC na-enyocha ozi dị gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe dabere na isi mmalite ndị ebipụtara. Dịka ntuziaka IPCC siri dị, ndị ode akwụkwọ kwesịrị ibute isi mmalite nyochara ndị ọgbọ. Ndị ode akwụkwọ nwere ike na-ezo aka na isi mmalite ndị na-abụghị ndị ọgbọ nyochara ("akwụkwọ isi awọ"), ma ọ bụrụ na ha tozuru oke. Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye akụkọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na ndị otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ ọrụ na nsonaazụ nlereanya bụ ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke isi mmalite ndị na-abụghị ndị ọgbọ nyochara.

Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-akwadebe akwụkwọ akụkọ zuru ezu nke kewara n'ime isi. Ha na-akwadokwa nchịkọta ọrụ nka nke akụkọ ahụ, yana nchịkọta maka ndị na-eme iwu.

Isiakwụkwọ ọ bụla nwere ọnụọgụgụ ndị odee iji dee na dezie ihe. Otu isiakwụkwọ nwere ndị ode akwụkwọ na-achịkọta ụzọ abụọ, ndị edemede iri ruo iri na ise yana ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị ode akwụkwọ na-enye aka. Ndị na-edu ndú na-achịkọta onyinye nke ndị odee ndị ọzọ. Ha na-ahụ na onyinye na-emezu ihe a chọrọ n'ụdị na nhazi. Ha na-akọrọ ndị otu ngalaba na-arụkọ ọrụ. Ndị isi ode akwụkwọ na-ede akụkụ nke isiakwụkwọ. Ha na-akpọ ndị ode akwụkwọ na-enye aka ka ha kwado ederede, eserese ma ọ bụ data maka nsonye. Ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ga-ahụrịrị na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-azaghachi na nkwupụta ndị natara n'oge usoro abụọ nke nyocha nyocha: nke mbụ bụ naanị ndị ọkachamara na ndị nchọpụta na-emepe emepe, ebe nke abụọ na-emeghekwa ndị nnọchiteanya gọọmenti.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-achọ ọtụtụ echiche, nka na nnọchite anya mpaghara na nhọrọ ndị odee ya. Nke a na-eme ka ndị otu odee gụnye ndị ọkachamara sitere na mba ndị mepere emepe na mba mepere emepe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-achọkwa nguzozi n'etiti ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị. Ọ na-achọkwa nguzozi n'etiti ndị rụburu ọrụ na akụkọ IPCC na ndị ọhụrụ na usoro a.

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị edemede na akụkọ IPCC anaghị enweta ụgwọ ọ bụla maka ọrụ a, ha niile na-arụkwa ọrụ na afọ ofufo. Ha na-adabere na ụgwọ ọnwa ha na-enweta n'ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Arụ ọrụ a na-arụ ọrụ siri ike na nnukwu oge itinye ego. Ọ nwere ike imebi nyocha nke ndị sayensị na-esonye. Nke a ebutela nchegbu na usoro IPCC nwere ike ịkụda ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ruru eru isonye. Ihe karịrị ndị edemede 3,000 (ndị na-ahazi ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị nchịkọta akụkọ) esonyela na idepụta akụkọ IPCC kemgbe e kere ya.

Usoro nyocha maka akụkọ nyocha

Ndị na-enyocha ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu okwu na ọkwa dị iche iche na nke a. Ndị na-enyocha si n'aka gọọmentị ndị otu na ndị na-ekiri IPCC. Ọzọkwa, onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịghọ onye nyocha IPCC site n'ikwu na ha nwere nka dị mkpa.

Enwere usoro atọ n'ozuzu na usoro nyocha. Nke mbụ na-abịa nlebanya ndị ọkachamara na nke mbụ nke isiakwụkwọ ndị ahụ. Usoro nke na-esote bụ ntụleghachi nke gọọmentị na ndị ọkachamara nke ederede edegharịrị nke isiakwụkwọ na nke mbụ nke nchịkọta maka ndị na-eme iwu. Usoro nke atọ bụ nyocha gọọmentị nke nchịkọta akụkọ maka ndị na-eme iwu. Nyochaa nkọwa na nzaghachi onye ode akwụkwọ ka nọ na ebe nchekwa mepere emepe opekata mpe afọ ise. N'ikpeazụ ndị nnọchi anya gọọmentị yana ndị ode akwụkwọ na-enyocha nchịkọta maka ndị na-eme iwu. Ha na-aga site na nchịkọta nchịkọta maka ndị na-eme iwu site n'ahịrị iji hụ na ọ bụ nchịkọta dị mma maka akụkọ dị n'okpuru. Nlebanya ikpeazụ a nke nchịkọta nke ndị na-eme iwu na-ewere ọnọdụ na nnọkọ nke otu ọrụ ma ọ bụ nke Panel.

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nkwado akwụkwọ na-enweta:

• Nkwado - Ihe onwunwe abụrụla ihe a ga-enwe nkọwa zuru ezu, mkparịta ụka na nkwekọrịta ahịrị site na ahịrị. (Òtù Ọrụ ndị dị mkpa na-akwado nchịkọta nke Òtù Ọrụ maka ndị na-eme iwu. Kọmitii ahụ kwadoro nchịkọta akụkọ maka ndị na-eme iwu.)
• Nkuchi - A kwadoro ngalaba site na ngalaba (ọ bụghị ahịrị site na ahịrị). (Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nabatara akụkọ zuru ezu nke IPCC Synthesis Report. Ọ na-anakwa Isiakwụkwọ Nchịkọta nke Methodology Reports.)
• Nkwado - Enweghị mkparịta ụka na nkwekọrịta ahịrị site na ahịrị. Mana ọ na-enye echiche zuru oke, nke ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi banyere isiokwu ahụ. (Òtù Ndị Ọrụ na-anabata akụkọ ha. Kọmitii ahụ na-anabata nchịkọta nke otu ọrụ maka ndị na-eme iwu mgbe ndị otu ọrụ kwadoro ya. Kọmitii ahụ na-anabata akụkọ usoro.)

Nchọpụta ndị dị mkpa na mmetụta ya

Nnyocha na-akọ otu ruo ise (1990 ruo 2014)

IPCC Third Assessment Report Working Group I Onye isi oche Sir John T. Houghton na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gụnyere na "Summary for Policymakers" nke akụkọ ahụ ("hockey stick graph") na nzukọ ihu igwe na 2005

• Akụkọ Ntụle Mbụ nke IPCC (FAR) pụtara na 1990. Akụkọ ahụ nyere nkọwa sara mbara gbasara sayensị mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ tụlere ihe ndị a na-ejighị n'aka ma nye ihe àmà nke ikpo ọkụ. Ndị ode akwụkwọ kwuru na ha ji n'aka na ikuku ikuku na-abawanye na ikuku n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ. Nke a na-ebute okpomoku karịa nke elu ụwa. Akụkọ ahụ butere nguzobe nke United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
• Akuko nyocha nke abuo (SAR), ka ebiputara na 1995. O wusiri nchoputa nke akuko nyocha nke mbu. Ihe akaebe na-egosi na enwere mmetụta a na-ahụ anya nke mmadụ na ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, o kwuru. Akụkọ nyocha nke abụọ nyere ihe dị mkpa maka mkparita uka na-eduga na Protocol Kyoto nke UNFCCC.
• E dechara Akụkọ Nnyocha nke Atọ (TAR) n'afọ 2001. Ọ chọtara ihe akaebe ndị ọzọ na ọtụtụ n'ime okpomọkụ ụwa a hụrụ n'ime afọ 50 gara aga bụ n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ. Akụkọ ahụ gụnyere eserese na-eweghachi okpomọkụ ụwa kemgbe afọ 1000. Nnukwu ịrị elu nke okpomọkụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nyere ya aha "osisi hockey". Nke a ghọrọ onyinyo dị ike nke otu okpomọkụ si arịgo na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Akụkọ ahụ na-egosikwa otu ime mgbanwe na mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike isi belata ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta ọjọọ ya.
• E bipụtara akụkọ nyocha nke anọ nke IPCC (AR4) n'afọ 2007. Ọ na-enye ihe doro anya banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ na-ekwu, sị: "Oké okpomọkụ nke usoro ihu igwe bụ ihe doro anya.." Akụkọ ahụ nyeere aka ime ka ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa mara mgbanwe ihu igwe. IPCC kesara Nobel Peace Prize n'afọ e bipụtara akụkọ ahụ maka ọrụ a (lee n'okpuru).
• E bipụtara akụkọ nyocha nke ise (AR5) na 2013 na 2014. Akụkọ a kwupụtakwara eziokwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ihe ize ndụ ndị dị ize ndụ. O mesiri ike otu ụwa nwere ike isi gbochie mgbanwe ihu igwe. Nchọpụta atọ dị mkpa bụ dịka ọmụmaatụ: Nke mbụ, mmetụta mmadụ na usoro ihu igwe doro anya. Nke abụọ, ka anyị na-emebi ihu igwe anyị, ka anyị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ siri ike, nke zuru ebe niile na nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. Nke atọ, anyị nwere ụzọ iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe ma wuo ọdịnihu bara ọgaranya, nke na-adịgide adịgide. Nchọpụta nke akụkọ ahụ bụ ntọala sayensị nke UNFCCC's 2015 Paris Agreement.

Akụkọ nyocha nke isii (2021/2022)

Akụkọ IPCC kacha ọhụrụ bụ akụkọ nyocha nke isii (AR6). Nkeji atọ mbụ nke AR6 pụtara na 2021 na 2022. Emechara akụkọ nchịkọta ikpeazụ na Machị 2023.

IPCC bipụtara akụkọ otu Working I, Mgbanwe ihu igwe 2021: The Physical Science Basis, na August 2021. Ọ na-akwado na ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe na mpaghara ọ bụla. A hụbeghị ọtụtụ n'ime mgbanwe ndị a n'ime ọtụtụ puku afọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị ka ịrị elu oke osimiri anaghị agbanwe agbanwe kemgbe ọtụtụ narị puku afọ. Mbelata siri ike na ikuku ikuku ga-amachi mgbanwe ihu igwe. Mana ọ nwere ike were afọ 20-30 ka ihu igwe kwụsie ike. Akụkọ a dọtara nnukwu mgbasa ozi na ọha mmadụ. Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN António Guterres kọwara ya dị ka "koodu na-acha uhie uhie maka mmadụ".

The IPCC bipụtara akụkọ Working Group II, Climate Change 2022: Mmetụta, Mgbanwe na Vulnerability, na February 2022. Mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ihi ọrụ mmadụ na-emetụtarị ndụ nke ọtụtụ ijeri mmadụ, o kwuru. Ọ na-akpaghasị ọdịdị. Ụwa na-eche ihe egwu ndị a na-apụghị izere ezere ihu n'ime afọ iri abụọ na-abịanụ ọbụlagodi na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1.5 Celsius, ka o kwuru.

The IPCC bipụtara akụkọ Working Group III, Climate Change 2022: Mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, na Eprel 2022. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgbachi okpomoku na 1.5°C na-enweghị mbelata ozugbo na miri emi na ikuku ikuku griin haus. O kwuru na ọ ka ga-ekwe omume ibelata ihe na-ekupụta n'afọ 2050.

Akụkọ ndị ọzọ

Akụkọ pụrụ iche

IPCC na-ebipụtakwa ụdị akụkọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-ewepụta akụkọ pụrụ iche na isiokwu gọọmentị ma ọ bụ otu ndị na-ekiri ihe tụpụtara. N'etiti 1994 na 2019 IPCC bipụtara akụkọ 14 pụrụ iche. Ugbu a ihe karịrị otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ iji wepụta akụkọ pụrụ iche. Usoro nkwadebe na nkwenye bụ otu maka akụkọ nyocha.

Akụkọ pụrụ iche na 2011

N'ime usoro ntule nke ise IPCC wepụtara akụkọ abụọ pụrụ iche. Ọ dechara akụkọ pụrụ iche na isi mmalite ike ọhụrụ na mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe (SRREN) na 2011. Òtù Na-arụ ọrụ III kwadoro akụkọ a. Akụkọ ahụ nyochara nhọrọ iji ụdị ume ọhụrụ dị iche iche dochie mmanụ ọkụ. Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na ọnụ ahịa teknụzụ ndị a na-emegharị emegharị adaala. O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-adaba karịa na ọganihu ndị ọzọ na teknụzụ. O kwuru na mmeghari ohuru nwere ike ịbawanye ohere inweta ike. Akụkọ ahụ tụlere ihe ngosi 164 na-enyocha ka ihe ọhụrụ nwere ike isi nyere aka kwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'ime ihe karịrị ọkara n'ime ọnọdụ ndị a, mmeghari ohuru ga-atụnye ihe karịrị 27% nke isi ike n'ime etiti narị afọ. Nke a ga-abụ ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke 13% òkè na 2008. N'ọnọdụ ndị nwere oke kachasị elu maka ume ọhụrụ, ọ na-enye 77% site na 2050.

Mgbe e mesịrị na 2011 IPCC wepụtara Pụrụ Iche Report na Ijikwa ihe ize ndụ nke oké ihe omume na Ọdachi to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX). Nke a bụ mmekorita n'etiti Ndị Ọrụ Na-arụ ọrụ I na II. Ọ bụ nke mbụ ndị otu IPCC abụọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na akụkọ pụrụ iche. Akụkọ ahụ gosiri ka mgbanwe ihu igwe si mee ka mgbanwe ihu igwe dị oke egwu. Ọ na-egosikwa ka atumatu iji zere na ịkwado maka oke ihu igwe nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ha. N'otu aka ahụ atumatu ịzaghachi ihe omume na ịghachite n'aka ha nwere ike ime ka ọha mmadụ na-enwekwu ike.

Akụkọ pụrụ iche 2018-2019

N'ime usoro ntule nke isii IPCC wepụtara akụkọ atọ pụrụ iche. Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ okirikiri kacha nwee nnukwu ọchịchọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme IPCC. UNFCCC setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke idobe okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma n'okpuru 2 Celsius ka ọ na-agbalị ijide ya na 1.5 Celsius, mgbe ọ ruru nkwekọrịta Paris na COP21 na 2015. Ma n'oge ahụ enweghi nghọta dị nta banyere ihe okpomọkụ nke 1.5 ° C. pụtara. Enwere ntakịrị nchọpụta sayensị na-akọwa otú mmetụta nke 1.5 Celsius ga-esi dị iche na 2 Celsius. Ma enwere ntakịrị nghọta maka otu esi eme ka ikpo ọkụ ruo 1.5°C. Ya mere UNFCCC kpọrọ IPCC ka ha kwado akụkọ maka okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1.5°C. Ndị otu IPCC atọ niile jikọrọ aka wepụta akụkọ ahụ. IPCC wepụtara akụkọ pụrụ iche banyere okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 1.5 Celsius (SR15) na 2018. Akụkọ ahụ gosiri na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnọgide na-ekpo ọkụ n'okpuru 1.5 Celsius n'oge narị afọ nke 21st. Mana nke a ga-apụta mbelata nke ukwuu na ikuku ikuku. Ọ ga-apụtakwa mgbanwe ngwa ngwa n'akụkụ niile nke ọha mmadụ. Nkwupụta ahụ gosiri na ikpo ọkụ nke 2 Celsius ga-enwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa 1.5 Celsius. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ: ihe ọ bụla na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. SR15 nwere mmetụta na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya maka akụkọ IPCC na mgbasa ozi yana ọha na eze. O tinyere ebumnuche 1.5 Celsius n'etiti mmemme ihu igwe.

N'afọ 2019, IPCC wepụtara akụkọ abụọ pụrụ iche na-enyocha akụkụ dị iche iche nke usoro ihu igwe. Akụkọ pụrụ iche banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na ala (SRCCL) nyochara otú ụzọ anyị si eji ala eme ihe na-emetụta ihu igwe. Ọ lere anya n'ihe na-esi n'ihe omume dịka ọrụ ugbo na oke ohia kama site n'ike na njem. Ọ lekwara anya ka mgbanwe ihu igwe si emetụta ala. Otu atọ niile IPCC na-arụ ọrụ na Task Force na National Greenhouse Gas Inventories jikọrọ aka na akụkọ ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ chọpụtara na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-agbakwunye nrụgide anyị na-etinye n'ala anyị anyị ji ebi na ịkọ nri anyị. O kwuru na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnọgide na-ekpo ọkụ nke ọma n'okpuru 2 Celsius ma ọ bụrụ na anyị belata ikuku sitere na mpaghara niile gụnyere ala na nri.

Akụkọ pụrụ iche nke Oké Osimiri na Cryosphere na Climate na-agbanwe agbanwe (SROCC) tụlere ka oké osimiri na akụkụ oyi kpọnwụrụ nke mbara ala si emekọrịta ihe na mgbanwe ihu igwe. (Cryosphere na-agụnye sistemu oyi kpọnwụrụ dị ka mpempe ice, glaciers na permafrost.) IPCC Ndị na-arụ ọrụ I na II kwadoro akụkọ ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị ime mgbanwe mgbanwe a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na oke osimiri na cryosphere. O gosikwara ka ngbanwe nwere ike isi nyere mmepe aka.

IPCC ga-akwadebe akụkọ pụrụ iche gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe na obodo n'oge usoro nyocha nke asaa.

Akụkọ banyere usoro

Ndị IPCC nwere Mmemme Inventories Gas Greenhouse nke mba. Ọ na-ewepụta usoro na ngwa ngwa maka mba dị iche iche iji kọọ ikuku ikuku griin ha. Ndị ọrụ IPCC na National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) ejirila mmemme ahụ kemgbe 1998. Ụlọ ọrụ Japan maka atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ (IGES) na-akwado Ngalaba Nkwado nka na ụzụ TFI.

IPCC kwadoro akụkọ usoro ya na nnọkọ nke panel. Otu panel ahụ nakweere Isi Nleba anya nke mkpesa Methodology site na ịkwado ya nkebi site na ngalaba.

Ntuziaka IPCC e degharịrị na 1996

IPCC weputara Akụkọ Usoro Usoro izizi ya, Ntuziaka IPCC maka Nrụpụta Gas Gas nke Mba, na 1994. Ntuziaka IPCC 1996 edegharịrị maka ngwa ahịa gas Greenhouse nke mba melitere akụkọ a. "Akụkọ omume ọma" abụọ mezuru ntuziaka ndị a. Ndị a bụ Nduzi Ezi Omume na njikwa ejighị n'aka na National Greenhouse Gas Inventories na Ezi Omume Ntuzi maka iji Ala, Mgbanwe iji Ala na oke ọhịa. Ndị otu UNFCCC na Protocol Kyoto na-eji ntụzịaka 1996 na akụkọ omume abụọ dị mma maka ntinye ngwa ahịa ha kwa afọ.

Ntuziaka IPCC nke afọ 2006

Ntuziaka IPCC nke afọ 2006 maka ihe nrụpụta gas Greenhouse nke mba na-emelite usoro ndị a. Ha na-agụnye ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke "ihe ndapụta ndapụta". Ihe ndị a bụ ihe a ga-eji tụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmụpụta maka mmemme. IPCC kwadoro ụdị ntuziaka ọhụrụ a na arịrịọ UNFCCC. UNFCCC nabatara ha maka ojiji na 2013 Climate Change Conference, COP19, na Warsaw. IPCC gbakwunyere ihe ndị ọzọ na nchacha ya nke afọ 2019 na ntuziaka IPCC nke afọ 2006 maka ngwa ahịa gas Greenhouse nke mba.

TFI amalitela nkwadobe maka akụkọ usoro maka ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe dị mkpụmkpụ (SLCFs). Ọ ga-emecha akụkọ a na usoro nyocha na-esote, nke asaa.

Ihe ịma aka na esemokwu

Akụkọ IPCC na-adọtakwa nkatọ. Nkatọ sitere n'aka ndị mmadụ abụọ na-ekwu na akụkọ ndị ahụ na-ekwubiga okwu ókè n'ihe ize ndụ na ndị na-ekwu na ha na-eleda ha anya. Ụzọ nkwekọrịta IPCC echewo ihe ịma aka ime na mpụga ihu.

Ụdị nchedo nke akụkọ IPCC

Ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi ekwuola na akụkọ IPCC na-abụkarị nke na-echekwa na nyocha ha gbasara ihe egwu ihu igwe. N'afọ 2012, a kọrọ na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị katọrọ IPCC, bụ ndị na-arụ ụka na akụkọ ndị ahụ na-elelị ọsọ ọsọ na mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa. N'ihi ya, ha kwenyere na nke a na-eduga na nchọta bụ "ọnụahịa nkịtị kachasị ala".

Stefan Rahmstorf, onye prọfesọ nke physics na oceanography na Mahadum Potsdam, rụrụ ụka na 2007 na ọchịchọ IPCC ime nyocha ihe egwu na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere uru. Rahmstorf rụrụ ụka na "N'otu ụzọ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ike nke IPCC na-akpachapụ anya na ịkpachara anya na ịghara ibufe ihe ize ndụ ọ bụla mgbanwe ihu igwe". Akụkọ IPCC bu n'obi ịgwa ndị na-eme iwu gbasara ọnọdụ ihe ọmụma banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ha na-eme nke a site n'ịtụle nchọpụta nke ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ sayensị dị na isiokwu a n'otu oge. Akwụkwọ nke ọ bụla nwere ike ịnwe nkwubi okwu dị iche iche na akụkọ IPCC. Nke a gụnyere ndị na-apụta obere oge ka ewepụtara akụkọ IPCC. Nke a nwere ike ibute nkatọ na IPCC bụ onye na-ama jijiji ma ọ bụ na-echekwa nche. Nchọpụta ọhụrụ ga-echere nyocha na-esote maka ntụle.

Ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike na mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Ihe ndetu nke ExxonMobil degara Bush ọchịchị na United States na 2002 bụ ihe atụ nke mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere ike na IPCC. Ihe ndetu a mere ka ọchịchị Bush siri ike na-agba mbọ ịchụpụ Robert Watson, ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe, dị ka oche IPCC. Ha chọrọ iji Rajendra Pachauri dochie ya. Ọtụtụ ndị weere Pachauri n'oge ahụ dị ka onye dị nwayọọ karị na omume enyi na ụlọ ọrụ.

Gọọmenti na-etolite otu IPCC. Ha bụ ndị isi na-ege ntị maka akụkọ IPCC. Iwu IPCC na-enye ha oke ọrụ na nhazi, nkwado na nkwado nke akụkọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, gọọmentị na-ekere òkè na usoro nyocha ma soro ndị odee rụọ ọrụ iji kwado nchịkọta akụkọ maka ndị na-emepụta amụma. Mana ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe ike ekwuola na gọọmentị na-eji ọrụ a eme ihe iji metụta nsonaazụ akụkọ.

Na 2023, a kọrọ na nrụgide sitere na Brazil na Argentina, mba abụọ nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ anụ ehi, mere ka IPCC hapụ ederede na-akwado nkwado nke nri ndị sitere na osisi. Mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gara aga, nke kwuru na "nri ndị sitere na osisi nwere ike ibelata ikuku GHG ihe ruru 50% ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi nri Western na-ekpo ọkụ", ewepụtara na ntanetị na Machị 2023.

Arụmụka na nyocha mgbe Akụkọ Nnyocha nke Anọ gasịrị na 2007

IPCC bịara n'okpuru nyocha mgbasa ozi na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na 2009 na-aga n'ihu na ogbako ihu igwe nke Copenhagen. Esemokwu email nke ngalaba nyocha ihu igwe gụnyere mwepu ozi-e sitere na ndị sayensị ihu igwe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị a bụ ndị dere akwụkwọ akụkọ nyocha nke anọ nke pụtara na 2007. Nchọpụta nke njehie na akụkọ a na glaciers Himalaya ga-agbaze na 2035 tinye IPCC n'okpuru nrụgide ọzọ. Ndị otu sayensị kwadoro nchoputa izugbe nke akụkọ nyocha nke anọ na ụzọ IPCC. Mana ọtụtụ ndị chere na IPCC kwesịrị ịtụle ụzọ o si arụ ọrụ.

Nnyocha nke InterAcademy Council na 2010

Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na Onye isi oche nke IPCC jụrụ InterAcademy Council (IAC) na March 2010 ka ha nyochaa usoro IPCC maka ịkwado akụkọ ya. Ndị otu IAC, nke Harold Tafler Shapiro na-achị, wepụtara akụkọ ya na 1 Septemba 2010. Ndị otu IAC mere ndụmọdụ asaa maka imeziwanye usoro ntule IPCC. IPCC mebere ọtụtụ ndụmọdụ nyocha n'afọ 2012. Otu n'ime ihe ndị a bụ iwebata usoro iji dozie njehie na akụkọ. Ndụmọdụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ime ka usoro nyocha sayensị sikwuo ike na imeziwanye nkwukọrịta. Mana IPCC anabataghị atụmatụ ịhọpụta odeakwụkwọ onye isi oge niile.

Nsogbu ndị e ji nkwekọrịta mee

Michael Oppenheimer, onye na-eso ogologo oge na IPCC, kwuru na usoro nkwekọrịta IPCC nwere ụfọdụ njedebe. Oppenheimer, onye na-ahazi onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ nyocha nke ise, kpọrọ oku maka nkwekọ, nyocha dị nta nke nsogbu pụrụ iche kama iji usoro dị ukwuu nke nyocha IPCC gara aga. Ndị ọzọ na-ahụ "ngọzi agwakọtara" na draịva maka nkwenye n'ime IPCC. Ha na-atụ aro ka etinyere ọkwá dị iche iche ma ọ bụ obere. Ndị ọzọ na-atụ aro imeziwanye nkwupụta gbasara ejighị n'aka.

Nkwado na onyinye

Akụkọ IPCC bụ akara maka sayensị ihu igwe. Enwere nkwado zuru oke maka IPCC na obodo sayensị. Mbipụta sitere n'aka ndị sayensị na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-egosi nke a. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ sayensị ewepụtala nkwupụta gọọmentị na-akwado nchoputa nke IPCC. Ọmụmaatụ:

• Maka Akụkọ Nnyocha nke Atọ na 2001 nkwado sitere na Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, United States National Research Council na European Geosciences Union.
• Maka Akụkọ Nnyocha nke Anọ na 2007 nkwado sitere na International Council for Science (ICSU), na Network of African Science Academies.

Ihe nrite Nobel nke udo na 2007

Na Disemba 2007, IPCC nwetara Nrite Nobel Peace Prize "maka mbọ ha na-agba iji wulite na kesaa ihe ọmụma ka ukwuu banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe mmadụ mere, na ịtọ ntọala maka usoro ndị dị mkpa iji gbochie mgbanwe dị otú ahụ". O kesara ihe nrite ahụ na onye bụbu osote onye isi ala US Al Gore maka ọrụ ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe na akwụkwọ akụkọ An Inconvenient Truth.

Ihe nrite Gulbenkian maka Humanity na 2022

N'October 2022, IPCC na IBES kesara ihe nrite Gulbenkian maka mmadụ. Otu gọọmentị etiti abụọ ahụ nwetara ihe nrite a n'ihi na ha "na-emepụta ihe ọmụma sayensị, na-eme ka ọha mmadụ mara, ma gwa ndị na-eme mkpebi ka ha mee nhọrọ ka mma maka ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche".

Hụkwa

 

• Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services – Towards science-led government policy
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – 1994 international environmental treaty

Njikọ mpụga

• Official website
• Official website of IPCC Data Distribution Centre (Climate data and guidance on its use)