Wikipedia

Ndị Kachin

. [1]Asụsụ Jingpho nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Kachin na-asụrụ nwere ụdị olumba dị iche iche ma jiri edemede sitere na Latin dee na njedebe apụ nke iri na-agha.  E mechara gburu ụdị script Burmese .  A na-asụrụ olumba Singhpo na Northeast India na Jingpho na ndị na-eme egwuregwu China

Ụmụ nwanyị Kachin yi uwe ọdịnala
Kachin c. 1900

[2]Kachin bụ ụdị nke mejuputara otu ụdị dị iche iche n'usoro isiokwu ọnụ yana usoro ọha .  Ojiji Kachin n'oge a mgbasa ozi isii: Rawang, ndị Lisu, ndị Jingpo, ndị Zaiwa, ndị Lashi/Lachik na Lawngwaw/Maru.  [1] [2] nkọwa ụfọdụ na-ekewa ndị Kachin na Shan (Tai) n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ ndị Kachin kwurula mfe nke echiche nke ụdị sitere n'ọdịbendị "ịghọ Shans"

Etymology

dezie

[3]E ọtụtụ nwere echiche ka ndị Kachin si na aha ha.  Otu n'ime ha sitere n'aka onye ozi ala ọzọ onye America baputizizi bụ Dr. Eugenio Kincaid .  Mgbe o rutere n’ebe ugwu Myanmar, o bu ụzọ zute ndị Gahkyeng.  Mgbe ọ ụmụaka ha ndị ha bụ, ha zara na ha bụ ndị obodo Gahkyeng .  Ya mere, o dere "Ga hkyeng" na ndetu ya.  Ndị edemede Europe ndị ọkachamara Kachin "Kakhyens" ruo 1899. Akwụkwọ "The Great Queen is Coming 1890" ndị agha Major Ecy Brong bụ onye mbụ nke iji "Kachin" na edemede Roman.  [1] O see ike ịbụ na aha ahụ si na okwu Harari (Harla) bụ "qachin", nke mkpụrụ dị gịrịgịrị, dị nro, dị gịrịgịrị ma ọ bụ dị warara.

Nhazi

dezie

Na Yunnan, a na-etinye usoro iche iche wee chịkọta ndị mmadụ dịka Wunpong n'ime mba anɔ.  Nkọwa Chinese maka Jingpo (nke asị ndị niile na-asụrụ Zaiwa akwụkwọ nke ncheta Northern Burmese) sara mbara nke ahụ na Kachin Hills ma ọ dịtụ ka Wunpong na Kachin Hills.  [1] Ndị Lisu, Anung (Rawang) na Derung (Taron) na Yunnan n'okpuru n'okpuru Jingpo, ngwaọrụ na-ekewapụta na ngosipụta mba Jingpo :

Ọchịchị colonial nke Britain na nnwere onwe Burmese

dezie

. [4]mgbe agha Anglo-Burmese mbụ mbọ.  N'ihi ebe dịpụrụ iche nke Kachin State na ebe ike egwuregwu ya, Otú ọ dị, Briten emetụtaghị ndị Kachin.  Ndị ozi ala ọzọ America bụ ndị mbụ ha na ndị Kachin na-akpa nwoke nke ukwuu ma ha tụpụtara traktị nke ndị mmadụ site na animism gaa na Iso Ụzọ ụmụaka .  [1] N'ime 1800s na-akpa 1900s, ndị Britain mgbasa iji ndị agha Chin, Kachin na Karen ahụhụ ndị Burman nri na ndị agha.  Mwepụ a nke Gal Burman na ndị agha Britain bụ nke a nakweere na 1925 mgbe e dere akara na-enye nhọrọ ka ndị nta ịbanye n'òtù ndị agha.  N'ihi akara na nhazi ndị agha, ọtụtụ Burman akwụkwọ ijikọ na mmegbu Britain.  [2] Mgbe ndị Japan wakporo Burma na 1942, ọtụtụ ndị agha Burmese gbapụtara ọnụ iji guzobe ndị agha Independence Burmese (BIA) wee buso ndị Britain agha n'ụdị ndị Japan.  Otú ọ dị, ndị Kachin bụ ndị Briten na America kpọbatara iji buso ndị agha Japan agha na nkwa nke akwụkwọ onwe mgbe agha ahụ nchebe.  [3] Mgbe Agha nke ihe ịrịba biri na Britain na mpaghara ahụ, ndị Kachin enyemaka na Union of Burma na 1947 Panglong Conference .  iru ahụ kpọ isi ndị isi Kachin, Chin na Shan - yana onye ndu Burman n'oge ahụ General Aung San .  Ha bịanyere aka n'iche Panglong nke nyere steeti ikike ikike onwe na obodo yana nha anya nke steeti.  [4] Otú ọ dị, ogbugbu nke General Aung San, papara nkwado maka mgbasa ahụ ma mee ka ndị Kachin nwee ike nke ndu.

Nkwekọrịta nkwụsị nke 1994

dezie

Mgbe afọ 33 nke nnupụisi gasịrị, KIO bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwụsị ọkụ na State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), na-akwụsị ọrụ agha niile nke Tatmadaw (Ndị agha Myanmar) na KIO kwadoro. Nkwụsị ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ agha mana gụnyekwara ụkpụrụ na gọọmentị Mianmaa na-akwado ọrụ mmepe na steeti Kachin. N'oge mbinye aka, KIO nọ na-eche nrụgide agha siri ike site na Tatmadaw na ibelata nkwado sitere n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si mba ọzọ iji nọgide na-ebuso Ọchịchị agha. [5]

Ndị agha nchekwa oke ala

dezie

Tupu ntuli aka nke 2010, Tatmadaw rịọrọ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ka ha mee KIA, yana otu ndị ọgba aghara agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, ka ha bụrụ ndị agha n'okpuru ikike Tatmadaw. [6] Iwu a sitere na iwu ndị agha depụtara na 2008 nke nyere iwu ka ndị agha niile nyefee ngwa ọgụ ha, daa n'okpuru ikike etiti nke Tatmadaw, wee degharịa aha dị ka Border Guard Forces (BGF). [7] KIO jụrụ ịgbanwe ka ọ bụrụ BGF kama wepụta atụmatụ mgbochi nke ga-atụgharị KIA dị ka Kachin Regional Guard Force (KRGF). Nzukọ ọhụrụ a ga-arụ ọrụ maka ịha nhata agbụrụ maka ndị Kachin mana Tatmadaw kagburu mbọ ahụ.

2011-2013 esemokwu na Kachin State

dezie

Na-esochi ntuli aka nke 2011 nke Thein Sein dị ka Onye isi ala Mianma, agbakwunyere nkwụsịtụ ọkụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu agbụrụ kacha ibu (EAO) na-egosi nkwekọrịta. [6] Otú ọ dị, na June 9, 2011, ndị agha Tatmadaw mebiri akwụsị akwụsị afọ 17 wee buso agha agha megide KIO n'akụkụ Osimiri Taping dị nso na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik. [8] N'oge mwakpo ahụ, ndị agha Tatmadaw tọọrọ KIO Lance Corporal Chang Ying naanị ka ọ laghachite ahụ ya a tara ahụhụ ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị. Ntugharị a kpalitere mmegwara sitere na KIO wee malite ọtụtụ ọgụ na-egbu egbu n'etiti ha abụọ. [9] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2012 ọgụ dị n'etiti ndị agha KIA na Tatmadaw gbagoro na mpaghara niile nke steeti Kachin. Mgbe ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka gasịrị, Onye isi ala Thein Sein kwupụtara nkwụsịtụ nwa oge na Mee 2013 megide ọchịchọ nke ndị isi Tatmadaw na ala. [10] Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke ọgụ afọ abụọ ahụ, e mere atụmatụ na ndị Kachin 100,000 gbahapụrụ. [11]

Ikike mmadụ

dezie

Ndị Kachin atawo ọtụtụ mmebi ikike mmadụ na mmejọ megide obodo, karịsịa site na Tatmadaw na-aga n'ihu na-edekọ. Mmebi ndị Tatmadaw mere gụnyere idina mmadụ n'ike na mwakpo mmekọahụ, igbu mmadụ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, ịrụ ọrụ mmanye, ịta ahụhụ, mmetọ anụ ahụ, na ọtụtụ ụdị ịkpa ókè ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Na 2014 naanị, otu Women's League of Burma dekọrọ ihe karịrị 100 ndina n'ike na steeti Kachin. N'ihe ọzọ mere, a tara onye nkịtị Kachin ahụhụ wee manye ya iduzi ndị agha Tatmadaw site na mpaghara ọgụ na Mansi Township . [12]

Hụkwa

dezie

Ntụaka

dezie
  1. ↑ Jingpho - Ethnologue.com (limited access - may require subscription) Retrieved 15 April 2017
  2. ↑ Leach, E. R. (1965) Political Systems of Highland Burma: a study of Kachin social structure. Boston: Beacon Press.
  3. ↑ Leslau (1963). Etymological Dictionary of Harari, Volume 1, University of California Publications, 122. 
  4. ↑ {{citation}}: Empty citation (help)
  5. ↑ Dukalskis (2015-10-03). "Why Do Some Insurgent Groups Agree to Cease-Fires While Others Do Not? A Within-Case Analysis of Burma/Myanmar, 1948–2011". Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38 (10): 841–863. DOI:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1056631. ISSN 1057-610X. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 South (December 2018). "Protecting civilians in the Kachin borderlands, Myanmar: key threats and local responses.". Humanitarian Policy Group.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ Border guard plan could fuel ethnic conflict (en). The New Humanitarian (2010-11-29). Retrieved on 2021-03-29.
  8. ↑ Lintner. "More war than peace in Myanmar", Asian Times, December 18, 2012.
  9. ↑ Lahpai (2014). Debating Democratization in Myanmar: Chapter 14 State Terrorism and International Compliance: The Kachin Armed Struggle for Political Self-Determination. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. ISBN 9789814519151. 
  10. ↑ Farrelly (June 2014). "Cooperation, Contestation, Conflict: Ethnic Political Interests in Myanmar Today". South East Asia Research 22 (2): 251–266. DOI:10.5367/sear.2014.0209. ISSN 0967-828X. 
  11. ↑ Ying (January 2013). "The Situation of Kachin Women during the Current Political Crisis". Asian Journal of Women's Studies 19 (2): 162–171. DOI:10.1080/12259276.2013.11666153. ISSN 1225-9276. 
  12. ↑ Myanmar's Human Rights and Humanitarian Violations in Kachin State and its Duty to Investigate, Prosecute, and Provide Victims with Remedies. Human Rights Now (October 27, 2016). Retrieved on 17 April 2021.
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ndị_Kachin&oldid=142601