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Nchekwa nke ebe e wusiri ike

Nchekwa ebe e wusiri ike bụ ihe nlereanya nchedo dabere na nkwenye na nchedo dị iche iche kachasị mma site na ịmepụta ebe echedoro ebe gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na-anọpụ iche na nsogbu mmadụ.[1] A katọrọ mmejuputa ya maka mmebi ikike ụmụ mmadụ megide ụmụ amaala obodo mgbe ha na-eke ma na-echekwa ebe echedoro.

Mgbidi eletrik gbara ebe nchekwa gburugburu na West Virginia
Nchekwa nke ebe e wusiri ike

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

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Njem Okike

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A na-ekwu na ego njem gburugburu ebe obibi na-akpali nchụpụ nke ụmụ amaala.

A na-ekwu na ego a na-enweta site na njem gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe na-akpali ịchụpụ ndị bi n'ala ahụ.[2][3] Òtù African Parks, nke onye isi oche ya bụ Prince Harry, nwere dị ka ụkpụrụ ya "ụzọ azụmahịa maka nchekwa" ma nwee na mbido ya na njem nleta bụ isi ya n'ime ka ogige ntụrụndụ ha nwee ego.[4]

Ịga agha

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Ndị ọrụ ebere na-ahụ maka nchekwa, nke kachasị n'ime ha bụ World Wildlife Fund, emeela ka mkpọsa megide ịchụ nta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Ịchụ nta a na-ezighị ezi na-abụkarị site n'aka ndị omempụ a haziri ahazi na-eri anụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, na 2018, e gburu ndị na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ iri ise n'ụwa niile. Ogige ntụrụndụ Africa anọwo n'ihu agha site na ọzụzụ sitere n'aka ndị agha South Africa, French na Israel.[5] Akpọrọ Ndị agha ndị ochie na-alụ agha na Afghanistan na Iraq ewerewo ọrụ ka ha kuziere ndị na-elekọta ọhịa ka ha na-alụso ọgụ ọgụ na ndị ọrụ agha pụrụ iche na-akwalite ọrụ ha na nnọkọ anụ ọhịa.  Nke a na-etinyekarị aka n'iweta ndị otu ndị agha na-ebunye ha ngwa agha ọkwa ọkwa agha.[6]

Ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma

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A na-ekwu na ịnyefe ikike ala nye ndị bi n'obodo ahụ iji chekwaa ọhịa nke ọma.

Ụfọdụ òtù na-echekwa ihe na-arụ ụka maka ihe nlereanya nchedo ebe e wusiri ike na Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, nsonaazụ nke 2022 United Nations Biodiversidad Conference, na-arụrịta ụka maka atụmatụ 30 site na 30 iji họpụta 30% nke ala na mpaghara oké osimiri dị ka ebe echedoro site na 2030.[5] Ọ bụ ezie na ihe nlereanya nchedo nke ebe e wusiri ike na-ele mmadụ anya dị ka onye na-ebibi gburugburu ebe obibi, ụfọdụ ekwuola na usoro nchedo kachasị mma gụnyere ịnyefe ikike n'ala site na ngalaba ọha na eze gaa na ndị bi na ya, ndị nwere òkè ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ n'ichekwa ọhịa ha dabere na ya.[7] Nke a na-agụnye nchedo nke ikike ndị dị otú ahụ dị na iwu ndị dị ugbu a, dị ka Iwu Ikike Ọhịa na India, ebe ikike ala na-aga n'ihu na-aga na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ike.[7] Mbufe nke ikike dị otú ahụ na China, ikekwe mgbanwe ala kachasị ukwuu n'oge a, arụrịta ụka na ọ mụbara oke ọhịa.[8][9] Inye aha ala ahụ egosila na ọ nwere okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ karịa ọbụna ogige ntụrụndụ steeti, ọkachasị na Amazon nke Brazil. Ọbụna ọ bụ ezie na ihe kachasị akpata mgbukpọ ọhịa na oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke abụọ kachasị n'ụwa na Congo bụ obere ọrụ ugbo na mmepụta coal, mpaghara ndị nwere ikike obodo nwere obere mgbukpọ osisi ka a na-akpali obodo iji jikwaa ala ahụ n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide, ọbụnakwa belata ịda ogbenye.[10] Na mgbakwunye, ịchụpụ ndị bi na mpaghara echedoro mgbe mgbe n'okpuru usoro nchekwa nchekwa na-edugakarị na nrigbu ala ka ndị bi na ya na-atụgharị na-arụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ka ha dị ndụ..

Mgbasawanye

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A na-ebo World Wildlife Fund ebubo na ọ na-akwado esemokwu ndị na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ nke na-achụpụ ụmụ amaala n'ala ha n'ogige ntụrụngwa mba.

A chụpụla ihe ruru mmadụ Narị abụọ na iri ise n'ụwa niile n'ụlọ ha iji mee ka ọrụ nchekwa dị iche iche dị kemgbe 1990, dị ka onye na-ekwuchitere UN maka ikike nke ụmụ amaala si kwuo.[11] Atụmatụ ọzọ na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'etiti nde 10.8 na nde Otu narị na iri asaa na atọ.[5]

Botswana

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Na Botswana, a chụpụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ amaala San site n'ala ha gaa n'ebe obibi. Iji mee ka ha kwaga ebe ọzọ, a machibidoro ha ịnweta mmiri n'ala ha ma jide ha ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-achụ nta, nke bụ isi ihe oriri ha.[12] Gọọmentị na-ekwu na ịkwaga bụ iji chekwaa anụ ọhịa na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ ezie na ndị San ebiwo n'ala ahụ ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ.[12] Ọzọkwa, ala ha dị n'etiti ubi diamond kasị baa ọgaranya n'ụwa.  Na ndoputa ha, ha na-agbasi mbọ ike ịchọta ọrụ, mmanya na-aba n'anya juru ebe niile.[12]

Cameroon

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Ndị Baka nọ n'Ogige Ntụrụndụ Lobéké nke Cameroon ekwuola na ndị na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ na-akwado site na World Wildlife Fund (WWF).[6]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

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N'ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị na Democratic Republic of the Congo, dị ka Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kahuzi-Biéga, ndị na-elekọta ogige ntụrụnụ na-ebu ngwá agha na-abanye n'ọgụ na-egbu egbu na ndị bi na ya bụ ndị na-egbutu osisi iji ree icheku ọkụ.[13] Mgbalị nchekwa nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị na mba ahụ na-abụkarị ndị otu mba dị ka WWF na-akwadokarị ma na-agụnyekarị iwepụ ndị bi n'ime ala..[14]

Nepal

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Okike nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Chitwan na 1970s mere ka a chụpụ ọtụtụ iri puku ụmụ amaala Tharu. A na-ebo World Wildlife Fund ebubo na ha na-enye ndị na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ngwá ọrụ, ego, na ngwá agha na-emetụta ịta Tharu ahụhụ bi nso ogige ntụrụndụ dị ka Bardiya National Park. Agbanwere iwu Nepalese iji nye ndị nche ọhịa ikike inyocha mpụ metụtara anụ ọhịa, ijide mmadụ n'enweghị akwụkwọ ikike, na ijigide ihe nchebe n'ọnọdụ ebe onye uwe ojii na-enweghị "ọ nweghị ihe ọzọ" ma ọ bụghị ịgbagbu onye ahụ dara iwu ebe onye isi ndị nlekọta ogige ahụ nwere ikike.  wepụrụ mkpọrọ afọ 15 n'onwe ha.[6]

Republik nke obodo Congo

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A na-ebo ndị na-elekọta ọhịa, ndị a maara dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-eyi uwe ndị agha ma jiri ego sitere na WWF, ebubo ịta ahụhụ, ndina n'ike na igbu ndị Baka pygmies na mpaghara nchedo Messok Dja dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị iji wepụ ndị Baka pygmy n'ógbè ahụ.[11]

Tanzania

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Ihe karịrị ndị Maasai 150,000 chere ihu nchụpụ na Tanzania site na mmegharị iji tụgharịa ala ha ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa okike maka njem nlegharị anya safari okomoko na maka ịchụ nta iko na Mpaghara Nchekwa Ngorongoro, nke bụ saịtị UNESCO World Heritage Site, yana na Loliondo dị nso na Serengeti National Park.[15] Mgbalị ndị gara aga iji chụpụ ndị Maasai n'ike gụnyere ịgba ụlọ ha ọkụ.[2]

United States nke America

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Nchekwa nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Yosemite n'okpuru nkwado nke John Muir pụtara ịchụpụ ndị Miwok na Paiute Native Americans.[16]

Hụkwa

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  • Njem Okike
  • Ịnọcha ahịhịa
  • World Wide Fund for Nature#Mmetụta mmetọ nke ikike mmadụ site n'aka ndị agha

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Critique of fortress conservation. SESMAD. Retrieved on 26 May 2022.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Maasai herders driven off land to make way for luxury safaris, report says", The Guardian, 10 May 2018. Retrieved on 6 June 2022. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "theguardian0518" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Who is ordering continuous attacks against Batwa people in DRC?. Deutsche Welle (9 April 2022). Retrieved on 26 May 2022.
  4. ↑ van der Duim (16 November 2014). Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Dynamic Perspective. Springer. ISBN 9789401795296. Retrieved on 22 January 2018. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Conservation Protected Areas are a disaster for Indigenous People. Foreign Policy Magazine (1 July 2022). Retrieved on 1 August 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "FP0722" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Warren (4 March 2019). WWF Funds Guards Who Have Tortured And Killed People. BuzzFeed News. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Buzzfeednews" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "India should follow China to find a way out of the woods on saving forest people", The Guardian, 22 July 2016. Retrieved on 2 November 2016.
  8. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fp0718
  9. ↑ China's forest tenure reforms. rightsandresources.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved on 7 August 2016.
  10. ↑ "The bold plan to save Africa's largest forest", BBC, 7 January 2021. Retrieved on 16 September 2021.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "'Large-scale human rights violations' taint Congo national park project", The Guardian, 26 November 2020. Retrieved on 27 May 2022. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Guardian1120" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us", BBC News, 7 January 2014. Retrieved on 24 July 2016.
  13. ↑ "Gorillas, charcoal and the fight for survival in Congo's rainforest", The Guardian, 22 July 2019. Retrieved on 1 September 2019.
  14. ↑ "Congo: The tribe under threat", Unreported World, 2 June 2019. Retrieved on 1 September 2019.
  15. ↑ "Tanzania's Maasai appeal to west to stop eviction for conservation plans", The Guardian, 22 April 2022. Retrieved on 6 June 2022.
  16. ↑ Yosemite Finally Reckons with Its Discriminatory Past. Outside (23 August 2018). Retrieved on 2 June 2022.
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