Narị Ndị Eze Ise nke Ayyavolu

Narị ike ise nke Ayyavole bụ ndị otu ndị ọrụ si Aihole nyere njikọ USB n'etiti obodo na Tamil Nadu, Karnataka na Andhra Pradesh . A dị ha aha n’ihe odide ndị na-ejedebe na ike OA. [1] Aihole bụbu obodo ukwu nke Chalukyas nke Badami na ebe nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ arụsị na brahmans, ụfọdụ n'ime ha yiri ka ha etinyela aka na azụmahịa nke ụtụtụ ise. [1] Mana ọtụtụ ndị Ayyavolu Lords bụ ndị ọrụ, ndị na-azụ akara ogologo oge. Ihe odide ha n'etiti mbụ awụ nke 9 na nke 14 na-edekọ onyunyo ha nyere nnchegbu wee mee ka a ike ihe omume ahuhu ma ọ bụ ngwa akara ha nyere.. ^[1]

. ^[2]Ndị otu ụtụtụ ise, nke a dị mara ka Ayyavole na Kannada , Ayyavolu na Telugu , Aryarupa na Sanskrit , na Ainuruvar na Tamil, na-arụ ọrụ na South India na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa ọrụ Eshia . Ha bịara dị ike n'okpuru Cholas . [1] Ha bụ ndị ozi nke Veera-Banaju-Dharma, ya bụ, iwu nke ndị dike ma ọ bụ ndị aha mara mma. Ehi bụ akara ha nke ha mere n'ọkọlọtọ ha; ma ha nwere aha ọma maka ịbụ ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na ndị na-

Nkọwa

, ..Ndị a ma ama n'ụwa nile, nke e ji ọtụtụ ọma, ọcha, ọcha, omume ọma, ikọ, nrubeisi, na ak kọ ya mma; ndị na-echebe vira-Bananju-dharma [iwu nke ndị na-ere aha dike], na-enwe 32 veloma, obodo 18, 64 yoga-pithas, na asramas na isi anɔ nke compass; amuru ibu ndi nāwaghari n'elu ọtutu mba, uwa dika akpa-ha,…. Oga na-agba ọsọ dị ka ụdọ, akpa betel dị ka akpa,... site n'okporo ụzọ ala na ụzọ mmiri na-abanye na mpaghara kọntinent isii, nwere enyí ndị ka elu, ụgbọ a na-azụ nke ọma , nnukwu sapphires, nkume nke ụnwa, pearl, rubies, diamonds,... cardamom, cloves, sandal, camphor, musk, saffron na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ndị ọzọ na ọgwụ, site n'ịre nke n'ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ na -agbagịji n'ubu ha, na-Mfu site na ọrụ omenala, ha na-e dere edo nke eze ukwu, akụ ya nke ọla, na ihe-agha ya nke ngwa-agha; na ndị ọzọ ha na-enye onya kwa ụbọchị nye ndị pundits na munis; nche anwụ na-acha ọcha dị ka nke ha, oké osimiri dị ike dị ka ihie ha, Indra dị ka aka nke mma agha ha, Varuna dị ka ọkọlọtọ, Kubera dị ka onye na-echekwa ego, ..

Mmalite na ihe omume

Narị ise ahụ bụ ndị na-eme njem nke ghọrọ obodo n'ihi ọrụ ha. ^[3] N'ịtụnyere ndị guild ndị ọzọ, a na-ele ha anya dị ka ndị kacha mara mma. Ya na otu ndị ahịa ọzọ a na-akpọ Manigramam, a chọtara otu narị narị ise n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ebe azụmahịa. Ha nyere ụlọ nsọ, nye ndị Brahman nri, ma nye aka n'ịkwado ọrụ ịgba mmiri. Ihe odide ha na-emetụta akụkụ ala ndịda dum, na-achọpụta netwọk nke ndị ahịa na mpaghara na mba ụwa. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ahịa a ka a na-akpọ " nanadesi " (ma ọ bụ "nke ọtụtụ mba), ebe a na-akpọ ụfọdụ " swadesi " (ma ọ bụ "nke obodo ya"). Ndị ahịa ndị a bụ otu n'ime ụzọ isi ebuga omenala ndị India na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. ^[4]

Veera-Balanjas

^[5]A na-akpọ ndị isi nke Ayyavolu Vira-Balanjas. [1] Okwu Vira-Balanja na Kannada na Vira-Valanjiyar na Tamil, Vira-Balija na Telugu, ha niile "ndị soja nwere obi ike". [2] Ndị akara a na-eme onwe ha dị ka ndị ozi nke Vira Balanja Dharma ( Vira Balanja Dharma Pratipalanulu ) ma na-edekarị ihe odide nke Andhra ochie. [3] Enwere ọtụtụ epigraph dị na Veera-Balanjas. Otu ihe atụ bụ akwụkwọ nke 1531 OA sitere na obodo Anilama nke Cuddapah, nke na-ezo aka n'inye ego ụfọdụ (Magama) na-azụ akara, dị ka owu, yarn, ihe, wdg, nke Veera-Balanja mere. ndị otu ndị ozi nke Ayyavolu, maka àjà oriọna nke Chineke Sangamesvara nke obodo ahụ

.Ihe odide ọla kọpa nke Nellore kwuru na akwụkwọ nke Ayyavola, ma ọ bụ Ayyavola-enumbaru-swamigalu bụ ndị ozi nke Vira-Balanja dharma (aka Vira-Bananja dharma) wee soro Vira-Banaja-Samaya. [1] Dị ka ihe odide e depụtara n'afọ 1240 OA dị na Chintapalli dị na Guntur, Vira-Balanja Samaya (ahịa ọrụ azụmahịa) nwere Ubhayananadesis, Gavara, na Mumuridandas; ma ha bụ ndị nna nna iwu ndị dike ise. [2] N'ime ndị a, Ubhayananadesis bụ otu ndị ọrụ sitere na mpaghara niile na mba niile, nke m Desis, Paradesis na Nanadesis, ebe Kavarai bụ Aha Clan Tamil ochie sitere na Omenala Ha Occupation 'Conch' Ịcha na ime ihe omume. mma dị iche iche

Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ dabere na , dị ka Nakaras (otu òtù) nke bụ otu ndị Nagara Komati na-efe Nakaresvara na ndị Kavarai Valanjiyar na-efe Kavaresvara nke bụ otu ndị omenkà sitere na aha Tamil Sangaru Vaaniyan (Sangaruppaani) onye onye ahuhu. onye na-egbutu shei conch [1] Ndị Mummuridanda bụ ndị dike mbụ na ndị ọrụ na-esote. Ihe odide nke 1177 AD sitere na Kurugodu, Bellary kwuru hoo haa na ndị Mummuridandas bụ mpụ nke 'narị ise' bụ ndị ma ama na Aryapura, ya bụ, Aihole ma ọ bụ Ayyavole ( srimad aryya nama pura mukhyabhutar enip ainurvarind adavid anyvay ) . [2] Ndị ọrụ ọrụ dị ka Vira-Balanja-Samaya toro n'okpuru ukwu dị iche iche n'agbanyeghị agha na mbuso agha. ^[6]

Na Tamil isi mmalite

Ihe odide Chera nke gbajiri agbawa na 1000 OA n'oge ọchịchị Bhaskara Ravi, nke a hụrụ na nkume atọ gbajiri agbaji n'otu ụlọ alakụba dị na Pandalayini-Kollam (nke dị nso na Kozhikode), na-ezo aka na Valanjiyar na ndị ahịa ndị ọzọ achọtara na nzukọ ndị otu ahia Ayyavole-500. ^[7] A na-akpọ Ayyavole-500 ahụ Ainuruvar na Tamil.

^[8]Ọ ga-adị ka mgbe Ayyavole-500 guild ngosi ụlọ ọrụ na-agafe agafe nke ndị India, ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na obodo dị àmà ya na ya. Manigramam na nanadesi guilds sonyeere Ayyavole-500. N'ihi njem mmiri dị iche iche nke Chola na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Eshia na nkwado nke Cholas nyere ndị otu Ayyavole, Ayyavole guild dị ka ikike ụgbọ mmiri wee na-aga n'ihu n'alaeze Srivijaya (obodo ukwu nke thalassocratic dabere n'ahụetiti ahụ. Edere nke a nke ọma n'ihe odide nke Ayyavole guild nke afọ 1088 AD a imera na Barus nke West Sumatra, Indonesia. Ndị ahuhu South India nọkwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Burma na ala dị Thai

Hụkwa

Trade Guilds nke South India
Anjuvannam
Manigramam

Ntụaka

↑ A History of India, by Burton Stein and David Arnold, p.120
↑ Peranakan Indians of Singapore and Melaka: Indian Babas and Nonyas--Chitty Melaka, by Samuel Dhoraisingam, p.3
↑ A History of India, by Burton Stein, p. 126
↑ A History of India, by Burton Stein and David Arnold, p.121
↑ (1984) in Ravula Soma Reddy: Hindu and Muslim Religious Institutions, Andhra Desa, 1300-1600. New Era.
↑ (1975) in Kambhampati Satyanarayana: A Study of the History and Culture of the Andhras: From stone age to feudalism. People's Publishing House.
↑ Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany, Vijay Sakhuja. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia. p. 163.
↑ Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany and Vijay Sakhuja, p.10-12

[HI120-1] A History of India, by Burton Stein and David Arnold, p.120

[2] Peranakan Indians of Singapore and Melaka: Indian Babas and Nonyas--Chitty Melaka, by Samuel Dhoraisingam, p.3

[3] A History of India, by Burton Stein, p. 126

[4] A History of India, by Burton Stein and David Arnold, p.121

[5] (1984) in Ravula Soma Reddy: Hindu and Muslim Religious Institutions, Andhra Desa, 1300-1600. New Era.

[6] (1975) in Kambhampati Satyanarayana: A Study of the History and Culture of the Andhras: From stone age to feudalism. People's Publishing House.

[7] Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany, Vijay Sakhuja. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia. p. 163.

[8] Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany and Vijay Sakhuja, p.10-12

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