Mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi na mgbukpọ ọhịa
[1]Mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi bụ isi ihe na-akpata igbukpọsị osisi n'ụwa niile. Ná mba ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, a na-ekpochakarị oké ọhịa iji kụọ osisi ndị na-amị mkpụrụ, dị ka unere, painiapulu, na mango.[1] Mkpọkpọsị osisi a na-enwe ọtụtụ mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma, gụnyere mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, imebi ihe ndị dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, na mmebi ala.
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
dezieIkpochapụ oke ọhịa nke ebe okpomọkụ maka ịmị mkpụrụ nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma. Nke mbụ, ọ na-eduga ná mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche. Osisi ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ bụ ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dịgasị iche iche, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha adịghị n'ebe ọzọ n'ụwa. Mgbe a na-ekpochapụ oke ohia, a na-ebipụkarị ma ọ bụ gbuo ụdị ndị a.[2][3]
Nke abụọ, mgbukpọ ọhịa nke oké ọhịa na-emebi usoro okike. Oké ọhịa na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ha na-enyere aka ịmị mmiri ozuzo, gbochie idei mmiri, ma belata mgbanwe ihu igwe. Mgbe a na-egbutu oké ọhịa, a na-emebi ọrụ ndị a dị mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Nke atọ, mgbukpọ ọhịa nke oké ọhịa na-eduga na mmebi ala. Mgbe a na-egbutu ọhịa, a na-ahapụkarị ala ka ọ ghara ịba n'ime ala. Nke a nwere ike ibute mmebi ala, nke nwere ike ime ka o sie ike ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ.
Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa nke oké ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ maka mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi bụ nnukwu nsogbu nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi.[4][5] Ọ dị mkpa ịchọta ụzọ isi mịpụta mkpụrụ osisi n'emeghị ka e bibie ọhịa. Ụfọdụ ngwọta ndị nwere ike ịgụnye:
Ịkwalite usoro mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi na-adịgide adịgide: Usoro mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịgidere adịgide nwere ike inye aka belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta mkpụrụ. Omume ndị a gụnyere iji ihe ọkụkụ na-anabata ndò, ịkụ osisi n'ugbo, na iji njikwa nje.Idebe oké ọhịa: Ọ dị mkpa ichekwa oké ọhịa ka ha wee nwee ike ịga n'ihu na-enye ọrụ dị mkpa nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Enwere ike ime nke a site na ịmepụta ebe echedoro, itinye iwu megide igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, yana ịkwado usoro nchịkwa ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide.Mgbanwe omume ndị na-azụ ahịa: Ndị na-azụ ihe nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ibelata ọchịchọ maka mkpụrụ osisi a na-emepụta na mmefu nke ọhịa. Ha nwere ike ime nke a site n'ịhọrọ mkpụrụ osisi ndị a na-emepụta n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide na site n'inye aka na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji chekwaa ọhịa.
Ebenside
dezie- ↑ (January 2002) in Peña: Tropical fruit pests and pollinators: biology, economic importance, natural enemies and control. DOI:10.1079/9780851994345.0000. ISBN 9780851994345.
- ↑ Maxwell (1995). "With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest". Foreign Affairs 74 (5): 172. DOI:10.2307/20047336. ISSN 0015-7120.
- ↑ Corlett (2014-08-21). The Ecology of Tropical East Asia. Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681341.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-968134-1.
- ↑ Stocks (1994-01-01). "Not by Timber Alone: Economics and Ecology for Sustaining Tropical Forests. By Theodore Panayotou and Peter S. Ashton. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1992. xx + 282 pp. Notes, tables, bibliography, index. Cloth $40.00, paper $22.00". Forest and Conservation History 38 (1): 41–42. DOI:10.2307/3983596. ISSN 1046-7009.
- ↑ (2001-12-31) in Fimbel: The Cutting Edge. DOI:10.7312/fimb11454. ISBN 9780231114554.