Mmụọ ozi

N'ọdịnala okpukperechi dị iche iche, mmụọ ozi bụ mmụọ mmụọ karịrị nke mmadụ nke na-ejere Chineke ozi.

Maịkel onyeisi ndị mmụọ ozi yi uwe ndị agha Rom na cuirass n'ihe ngosi nke narị afọ nke 17 nke Guido Reni mere.

Jacob mgba na mmụọ ozi, nke Gustave Doré dere na 1855

..Okpukpe Abraham na-egosipụtakarị ndị mmụọ ozi dị ka ndị na-emekọrịta ihe nke eluigwe na-eme ebere n'etiti Chineke (ma ọ bụ Eluigwe) na mmadụ.[1][2] Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ndị nchebe na ndị nduzi maka ụmụ mmadụ, dị ka ndị mmụọ ozi na-eche nche, na ndị ohu Chineke.[3] Okpukpe Abraham na-akọwa ọkwa ndị mmụọ ozi, nke dịgasị iche site n'okpukpe na otu. Ụfọdụ ndị mmụọ ozi nwere aha kpọmkwem (dị ka Gebriel ma ọ bụ Maịkel) ma ọ bụ utu aha (dị ka seraf ma ọ bụ onyeisi ndị mmụọ ozi). Ndị ahụ a chụpụrụ n’eluigwe ka a na-akpọ ndị mmụọ ozi dara ada, dị iche na ndị agha nke eluigwe.

The Wounded Angel, Hugo Simberg, 1903, họpụtara "ihe osise mba" nke Finland na 2006

.oNdị mmụọ ozi na-ese ihe na-emekarị ka ụmụ mmadụ mara mma pụrụ iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mgbe nile ka ọ na-adị otú ahụ—mgbe ụfọdụ, a pụrụ ịkọwa ha n'ụzọ na-atụ egwu na nke na-adịghị mma.[1] A na-amatakarị ha n'ihe osise Ndị Kraịst nwere nku nnụnụ,[2] halos,[3] na ìhè dị nsọ.

Okwu mmalite

Okwu mmụọ ozi na-abịa na Bekee nke oge a site na Old English engel (nke nwere g siri ike) na Old French angele. Ha abụọ sitere na Late Latin angelus, nke n'aka nke ya gbaziri site na Late Greek angelos (nke pụtara "onye ozi") Ụdị okwu mbụ nke Τhe bụ Mycenaean a-ke-ro, nke akaebe na Linear B syllabic script. Dị ka onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Dutch R. S. P. Beekes si kwuo, ángelos n'onwe ya nwere ike ịbụ "ihe a gbazinyere n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, dị ka Ōiγγαρος (ángaros, 'onye ozi nọ n'elu ịnyịnya nke Persia').

Na Zoroastrianism, e nwere ndị mmụọ ozi dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye ọ bụla nwere otu mmụọ ozi na-echebe ya, nke a na-akpọ Fravashi. Ha na-akwado ụmụ mmadụ na ihe ndị ọzọ e kere eke, ma gosipụta ike Chineke. A na-elekarị Amesha Spentas anya dị ka ndị mmụọ ozi, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla a na-ezo aka na ha na-eziga ozi, kama ha bụ ihe sitere na Ahura Mazda ("Onyenwe Ọkachamara", Chineke); ha pụtara na mbụ n'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụ anya ma mesịa ghọọ nke onwe, jikọtara ya na akụkụ dị iche iche nke okike.

N'ihe gbasara uwe ha, e gosipụtara ndị mmụọ ozi, ọkachasị onyeisi ndị mmụọ ozi Michael, dị ka ndị ọrụ agha nke Chineke ma gosipụta ha na-eyi uwe agha Late Antique. Uwe a nwere ike ịbụ uwe agha nkịtị, nke nwere uwe elu na-emetụta ikpere, ihe agha na pteruges, mana ọ na-abụkarị uwe nke onye nche nke Eze Ukwu Byzantium, na uwe ogologo na loros, ogologo ọla edo na pallium dị oké ọnụ ahịa nke a na-ejedebe na ezinụlọ Imperial na ndị nche ha kacha nso.

 

Ihe odide

Ebe e si nweta ya

• Esposito (2002b). What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Bamberger, Bernard Jacob, (15 March 2006). Fallen Angels: Soldiers of Satan's Realm. Jewish Publication Society of America. Templeeti:ISBN
• Barker, Margaret (2004). An Extraordinary Gathering of Angels, M Q Publications. Templeeti:ISBN
• Templeeti:Cite EB1911
• Briggs, Constance Victoria, 1997. The Encyclopedia of Angels : An A-to-Z Guide with Nearly 4,000 Entries. Plume. Templeeti:ISBN.
• Bunson, Matthew, (1996). Angels A to Z: A Who's Who of the Heavenly Host. Three Rivers Press. Templeeti:ISBN.
• Cheyne, James Kelly (ed.) (1899). Angel. Encyclopædia Biblica. New York, Macmillan.
• Cruz, Joan Carroll, OCDS, 1999. Angels and Devils. TAN Books and Publishers, Inc. Templeeti:ISBN
• Cummings, Owen F., 2023. Angels In Scripture and Tradition, Paulist Press, New Jersey. Templeeti:ISBN
• Templeeti:Cite encyclopedia
• Davidson, Gustav, (1967). A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. Free Press. Templeeti:ISBN
• Driver, Samuel Rolles (Ed.) (1901) The book of Daniel. Cambridge UP.
• Graham, Billy, 1994. Angels: God's Secret Agents. W Pub Group; Minibook edition. Templeeti:ISBN
• Guiley, Rosemary, 1996. Encyclopedia of Angels. Templeeti:ISBN
• Jastrow, Marcus, 1996, A dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Bavli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic literature compiled by Marcus Jastrow, PhD., Litt.D. with and index of Scriptural quotatons, Vol 1 & 2, The Judaica Press, New York
• Kainz, Howard P., "Active and Passive Potency" in Thomistic Angelology Martinus Nijhoff. Templeeti:ISBN
• Kreeft, Peter J. 1995. Angels and Demons: What Do We Really Know About Them? Ignatius Press. Templeeti:ISBN
• Leducq, M. H. (1853). "On the Origin and Primitive Meaning of the French word Ange". Proceedings of the Philological Society 6 (132). 
• Lewis, James R. (1995). Angels A to Z. Visible Ink Press. Templeeti:ISBN
• Melville, Francis, 2001. The Book of Angels: Turn to Your Angels for Guidance, Comfort, and Inspiration. Barron's Educational Series; 1st edition. Templeeti:ISBN
• Michalak, Aleksander R. (2012), Angels as Warriors in Late Second Temple Jewish Literature.Mohr Siebeck. Templeeti:ISBN.
• Muehlberger, Ellen (2013). Angels in Late Ancient Christianity. Oxford University Press. Templeeti:ISBN
• Oosterzee, Johannes Jacobus van. Christian dogmatics: a text-book for academical instruction and private study. Trans. John Watson Watson and Maurice J. Evans. (1874) New York, Scribner, Armstrong.
• Proverbio (2007). La figura dell'angelo nella civiltà paleocristiana (in it). Assisi, Italy: Editrice Tau. ISBN 978-88-87472-69-1. 
• Ronner, John, 1993. Know Your Angels: The Angel Almanac With Biographies of 100 Prominent Angels in Legend & Folklore-And Much More! Mamre Press. Templeeti:ISBN.
• Smith, George Adam (1898) The book of the twelve prophets, commonly called the minor. London, Hodder and Stoughton.
• Templeeti:Cite EB9
• Swedenborg E. Heaven and its Wonders and Hell From Things Heard and Seen (Swedenborg Foundation 1946), Templeeti:ISBN (Detailed information on angels and their life in heaven)
• Swedenborg, E. Wisdom's Delight in Marriage ("Conjugial") Love: Followed by Insanity's Pleasure in Promiscuous Love (Swedenborg Foundation 1979 Templeeti:ISBN) (Extensive review of angelic marriage)
• von Heijne, Camilla, 2010. The Messenger of the Lord in Early Jewish Interpretations of Genesis. BZAW 412. De Gruyter, Berlin/New York, Templeeti:ISBN
• von Heijne, Camilla, 2015 "Angels" pp. 20–24 in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Theology, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, New York. Templeeti:ISBN

Njikọ mpụga

• Doxology nke Eluigwe
• Ndị mmụọ ozi Zoroastrian
• Ntinye nke Jewish Encyclopedia banyere ndị mmụọ ozi
• Ndepụta banyere nsọpụrụ na liturgy. Ụkpụrụ na ntuziaka Ọgbakọ maka ofufe Chineke na ịdọ aka ná ntị nke sakramenti. Directory of Popular Piety and the Liturgy, §§ 212-217, "The Holy Angels, Vatican City, December 2001]
• Angels, BBC Radio 4 mkparịta ụka na Martin Palmer, Valery Rees & John Haldane (In Our Time, Mar. 24, 2005)