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Mingas pụtara

Avelino Henrique Saíde Vieira Dias Rodrigues Mingas (13 Febrụwarị 1934 – 27 Mee 1977) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, onye edemede na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Angolan bụ onye ama ama n'ọgụ megide ọchịchị colonial maka nnwere onwe na Angola. Ọ bụ onye minista ego mbụ nke Angola na otu n'ime mmadụ iri nke ndị omebe iwu mba mbụ, Council Revolutionary of People (ma ọ bụ "Council of the Revolution"). Ọ bụkwa onye otu Central Committee of Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Onye ya na ya na-akpachi anya Agostinho Neto na Lúcio Lara, ndị ha na ndị na-ekwo ekworo gburu ya n'oge 1977 mgbalị ọchịchị Angolan mere.

Saíde Mingas
Born
Avelino Henrique Saíde Vieira Dias Rodrigues Mingas

(1934-02-12) 12 Febụwarị 1934
Luanda, Portuguese Angola
(now Angola)
Died27 Mee 1977(1977-05-27) (aged 43)
Luanda, Angola
Alma materUniversity of Havana (PhD)
Occupation

Akụkọ ndụ

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A mụrụ Mingas na mpaghara Ingombota nke Luanda, [1] na 13 February 1934, [2] nwa André "Mongone" Rodrigues Mingas na Antónia Diniz de Aniceto Vieira Dias.[3] Ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụnne ya bụkwa ndị ama ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Angola, dị ka ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na-ede egwú André Mingas na Ruy Mingas, ndị nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha dere ukwe mba Angola; ọkà mmụta asụsụ na onye nyocha Amélia Mingas; onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye nchịkwa Júlia Rodrigues Mingas; na onyeisi ndị uwe ojii José "Zé" Rodrigues Mingas.[3] Ezinụlọ ya enwewokwa njikọ siri ike na mba Angolan, nke kachasị site na nna ya, André Mongone, onye nchoputa na otu n'ime ndị isi nke African National League, [4] na site na nwanne nna ya, Liceu Vieira Dias, onye ọsụ ụzọ nke pop Angolan. egwu na onye guzobere MPLA. [1][2]

Dịka onye otu ezinaụlọ Afrịka dị elu na Luanda,[5] ọ nwere ike nweta nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ,[3] mechaa ọmụmụ ya na Instituto Médio Industrial de Luanda.[6] Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitere itinye onwe ya n'ọgụ megide ọchịchị colonial, karịsịa iji akwụkwọ dị ka ụdị okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya.[3]

Ọ ghọrọ onye agha na mmegharị nke ịhụ mba n'anya, nke nwanne nna ya na-emetụta ya. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi njide nwanne nna ya na nna ya na mbido 1960, ọ kwagara Portugal maka ọmụmụ ihe ya.[6] N'ebe ahụ, a bịara mara ya dị ka ezigbo onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ na-egwu otu egwuregwu egwuregwu obodo, a dọrọ ya aka ná ntị na a ga-ejide ya. O nwere ike karịa ndị uwe ojii Portuguese n'okpuru ebubo nke isonye na asọmpi egwuregwu na Spain, ma mesịa gbaga Paris.[6] Ọ gbabara na Mário Pinto de Andrade, [3] n'ihi njikọ aka ya na MPLA. [2][4]

Ọ nọgidere na-eje ozi n'ọfịs dị iche iche nke Europe nke MPLA n'oge ụfọdụ ruo mgbe o nwere ike ịnata agụmakwụkwọ iji gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na Cuba.[4] Mgbe ọ nọ na Cuba, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na Instituto de Planificación Física ma nweta nzere doctorate na akụ na ụba site na Mahadum nke Havana. Ọ nwetakwara ọzụzụ agha na nka na martial arts. [5][4] Oge ya na Cuba gbanwere ya, tinyere ịbụ onye na-ahụ mba n'anya, ka ọ bụrụ onye Marxist.[4]

Ọ laghachiri n'isi ụlọ ọrụ pati na Brazzaville na 1971, n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe nke Angola. Ọ nwetara ọkwa nke onye isi, wee bụrụ onye otu ma na-alụ ọgụ na Ndị agha nnwere onwe nke Angola (EPLA) n'okpuru aha nzuzo Lutuima. [4]-6" id="mwRw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;">[6] A kpọrọ ya onye nduzi nke Center of Revolutionary Instruction of the Eastern Front, ọkwá ọ nọrọ ruo 1972, gụnyere oge ọ ghọrọ onye ndu nke "Movement of Readjustment of the Eastern Frente". N'afọ 1972, a kpọfere ya na Ngalaba Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ, a kpọkwara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n'ọfịs mpaghara nke pati ahụ na Lusaka. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, o mere aha nzuzo ya, Saíde, aha iwu ya. [4]

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ na Eastern Front na Lusaka, ọ rịgooro ngwa ngwa n'ọkwa ndị isi na MPLA, na-aga n'ihu ịghọ akụkụ nke Neto na Lara, karịsịa n'oge Active Revolt na Brazzaville. Neto kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ MPLA na Stockholm, Sweden, na mba Europe nke kwadoro MPLA n'ụzọ siri ike na-abụghị ndị nọ na Socialist Bloc.[4] Ọ kpọtụrụ oge ya na Cuba na Sweden aha na uri ya, na-ebipụta ha na nchịkọta maka oge mbụ na Stockholm. Ọ nabatara aha edemede "Gasmin Rodrigues".[3] E gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, ebe ọ mụtara, tinyere Portuguese, Spanish, English, Swedish, Russian, na French.[4]

N'etiti Mgbanwe Carnation na atụmanya nke iwepụ Angola, Neto kpọrọ ya na July 1974 ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya otu na Organisation of African Unity iji kwurịta ma gbalịa otu ngwọta ikpeazụ iji kewaa Nnupụisi na Nnupụchi Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. [6] N'ịbụ onye nwere nkụda mmụọ na iwu, ọ natara ikike ya na ndị ọchịagha ndị ọzọ iji gbanwee EPLA ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ Ndị agha nnwere onwe nke Angola (FAPLA). [7]

N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1974, ọ sonyeere "ndị nnọchi anya mmadụ iri abụọ na isii" nke pati ahụ, nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu Lara duziri. Ntinye aka ya nyere aka n'ịgbago ngwa ngwa n'ọkwa ndị isi na MPLA, gụnyere ịbụ onye a họpụtara na Central Committee of the Movement. [4] Na Jenụwarị 1975, na Nkwekọrịta Alvor, ọ haziri Kansụl Onye isi ala na Mgbanwe nke Gọọmentị dị ka minista nke Atụmatụ na Ego.[8]

A kwụsịtụrụ ọrụ nke gọọmentị mgbanwe n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1975, ebe Mingas laghachiri n'agha dị ka onye isi na FAPLA, na-anọ n'ihu iji weghara Luanda. Ndị agha MPLA nwere mmeri site n'ịchịkwa isi obodo ahụ.[9] Ọbụna mgbe ọ nọ n'ọgụ agha, o sonyere, dị ka arịrịọ nke Manuel Rui, n'ide akwụkwọ iwu dị ka onye nhazi, na-ede isi ụkpụrụ akụ na ụba nke Iwu Angola nke 1975.[10]

Site na nkwupụta nke nnwere onwe Angola na 11 Nọvemba 1975, ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka akụkụ nke Kansụl Mgbanwe ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, yana iduzi Directory of Agriculture and Accounting Services.[11] Ọ gbanwere ndekọ ahụ ma, na Machị 1976, ọ ghọrọ Minista mbụ nke ego nke mba ọhụrụ ahụ.[12] N'ihe gbasara iwu ego na akụ na ụba, o guzobere oge nke ịkpachara anya megide nnukwu nsogbu ego maka mba ahụ, na-anwa igbochi ụgwọ ọha na eze na-arịwanye elu, na-edebe nguzozi na mmefu ego, ma na-emepụta nkwụsi ike ego nke ụlọ ọrụ. [1][13]

Ọnwụ

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Ka ọ na-erule 1976, a malitere inwe otu mmegide hibere na nzuzo n'ime MPLA nke a na-akpọ Fractionists (ma ọ bụ ndị nitistas), bụ ndị kwalitere okwu mkparị megide ndị a na-akpọ "white-mestiço elite", yana megidekwa amụma mmekọrịta akụ na ụba nke ha kwuru na ya bụ. ịda ogbenye na-aga n'ihu na mba Angola. Nke a bịara mgbe agha nnwere onwe gasịrị mana ozugbo agha obodo malitere ịmalite. Isi okwu ikpeazụ mere Mingas, onye na-agafeghị oke n'ime mmegharị ahụ, onye iro nke nitistas..[11]

N'akụkụ ha, n'oge nzukọ ya na Kọmitii Central nke MPLA na February 1977, Mingas bụ otu n'ime ndị boro ndị nitistas ebubo " fractionalism "[13]. Tinyere nke a, na 21 May 1977, ọ bịara mara maka akwụkwọ ndị metụtara nchụpụ Nito Alves na José Jacinto Van-Dúnem na pati ahụ.[13] N'otu oge ahụ, nwanne ya nwoke nke ọdụdụ, Zé Mingas, onye uwe ojii na Directory of Information and Security of Angola (DISA), abụrụla onye na-akwado ndị nitistas ma gwa Alves atụmatụ ịkwatu mgbalị ọchịchị imegide steeti ahụ.[14]

Na 27 Mee 1977, ndị nitistas nwara ịkwatu steeti ahụ.[13] A nwụchiri ndị isi mba dị iche iche, gụnyere Mingas, onye chụpụrụ ịga zute Neto wee duru otu ìgwè iji nwaa iweghachi isi ụlọ ọrụ Brigade 9th ma weghara ndị agha ọjọọ ahụ.[13] Ndị nitistas si na DISA weghaara Mingas, ya na Eugénio Nzaji na ndị agha ndị ọzọ megide nnupụisi ahụ, na Sambizanga, bụ ebe e mesịrị kpọọ ha ọkụ na ndụ.[13]. Zé Mingas amaghị atụmatụ ndị nitistas ịtọrọ ma gbuo nwanne ya nwoke, e gbukwara ya n'ikpeazụ n'oge mmegide ime ihe ike nke steeti ahụ megidere mgbagha ọchịchị ahụ..

Ihe Nketa

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A na-echeta Mingas dị ka otu n'ime ndị dike mba Angola. A na-enye aha ya n'otu ebe dị na Luanda, n'akụkụ ụlọ National Bank of Angola, yana ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị dị iche iche. [15][16] E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ncheta na ebe ọha na eze ndị ọzọ gbasara na mba ahụ. [17]

N'afọ 2019, onye isi ala Angola João Lourenço nyere iwu ka e dezigharịa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe omume nke nnupụisi ọchịchị nke afọ 1977 n'ime "Atụmatụ Mmekọrịta na Ncheta ndị agha na-alụ ọgụ na Angola".[18] Nwa nwanyị Mingas, onye ọka iwu Xissole Madeira Vieira Dias Mingas, natara, na June 2021, asambodo ọnwụ nna ya.[19]

Ebem si dee

dezie
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sousa, Ana Carolina Melos de. (7 December 2016). O Movimento Popular Pela Libertação de Angola (MPLA) : de elite revolucionária a elite dirigente. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Sousa" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fátima d'Alva Penha Salvaterra Peres (31 March 2010). A Revolta Activa - Os conflitos identitários no contexto de luta de Libertação Nacional. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Peres" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Angola & Literatura - 'POESIA', de Saydi Mingas - Luanda 1978 - RARO", Livros Ultramar - Guerra Colonial, 14 February 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Livros Ultramar" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Luís, João Baptista Gime (2021). Elites independentistas e nacionalismo no século XX: Angola (1956-1975). Universidade de Lisboa.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Luís" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ Fernado João da Costa Cabral Andresen Guimarães (March 1992). The Origins of the Angolan Civil War. International Politics and Domestic Political Conflict 1961—1976. The London School of Economics And Political Science / ProQuest LLC. 
  6. ↑ Maria-Delfina Bonada (6 July 1974). Il Manifesto - quotidiano comunista: Entrevista a Saydi Mingas, dirigente do MPLA, em Mogadiscio, Somália, durante a cimeira da OUA. Situação do MPLA, "Documento dos 19", próximo Congresso do MPLA. Fundação Mário Soares.
  7. ↑ "O País tem uma falta de memória histórica generalizada" - Maria Helena, viúva de Iko Carreira. Club-K. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved on 31 March 2024.
  8. ↑ Governo de Transição foi há 44 anos. Jornal de Angola. 31 January 2019.
  9. ↑ Dossier 270: O 27 de Maio de 1977 em Angola - Cronologia. Esquerda.Net. 22 May 2017.
  10. ↑ Manuel Albano (21 November 2021). Manuel Rui Monteiro recordado por Fernando Oliveira. Jornal de Angola.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Inácio Luiz Guimarães Marques (2012). Memórias de um golpe: O 27 de maio de 1977 em Angola. Universidade Federal Fluminense.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Marques" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ História. MINFIN. 2020.
  13. ↑ História. Banco Nacional de Angola (2018).
  14. ↑ Luís dos Passos. «Quem matou em casa do Kiferro foi o Tony Laton» (Parte 2 fim). Kesongo. 7 June 2022.
  15. ↑ Chama eterna dos heróis. Jornal de Angola. 24 September 2017.
  16. ↑ INEF prepara professores sob condições inadequadas. Jornal de Angola. 9 May 2021
  17. ↑ Liceu Almirante Lopes Alves / Liceu Nacional do Lobito / Escola de 3.º nível Comandante Saydi Mingas. SIPA. 27 July 2011.
  18. ↑ Governo angolano lançou novo plano de reconciliação. Oposição quer "ver para crer". VOA Português. 11 December 2019.
  19. ↑ Filhas de Nito Alves e Saidy Mingas falam em perdão mas lamentam a dor de não crescer com os pais. VOA Português. 5 June 2021
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