Mike Campbell
William Michael Campbell (12 Ọktoba 1932 - 8 Eprel 2011) bụ onye ọrụ ugbo ọcha nke Afrịka si na mpaghara Chegutu na Zimbabwe (nke bụbu Rhodesia). Ya na ọgọ ya nwoke Ben Freeth, ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama n'ụwa niile maka ịgba ọchịchị Robert Mugabe akwụkwọ maka imebi iwu na ikike mmadụ na Zimbabwe, n'okwu Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd na Others v Republic of Zimbabwe. Mgbalị ya bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi mmeri, Mugabe na White African.
Mike Campbell | |
|---|---|
| Born |
12 Ọktoba 1932 |
| Died | 8 Eprelụ 2011 (aged 78) |
| Nationality | Zimbabwean |
| Occupation | Farmer |
| Known for | Human rights activist; Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd and Others v Republic of Zimbabwe; Mugabe and the White African |
| Spouse(s) | Angela Campbell |
| Children | Bruce Campbell Laura Freeth Cathy |
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
dezieEzinụlọ Campbell abụwo ndị ọrụ ugbo n'Africa kemgbe 1713, mgbe nna nna ya, onye isi ụgbọ mmiri a mụrụ German, malitere ọrụ ugbo na Western Cape nke oge a. Campbell weere onwe ya dị ka onye Africa.[1]
Ugwu Carmel
dezieN'ime mmalite 1970s, Campbell, onye isi SADF, tinyere aka na agha Rhodesian Bush nke mere ka ọchịchị Rhodesia bụrụ nke kachasị ọcha megide ndị agha obodo na-akwado ndị Kọmunist. Ọ kwagara n'ugbo Ugwu Kamel n'afọ 1974. Ọ gbakwunyere ala gbara agbata obi n'afọ 1980, mgbe agha ahụ biri na nrụzigharị obodo ahụ dịka Zimbabwe na-achị ndị isi ojii. Yana ọrụ ugbo, Campbell guzobere nnukwu nchekwa ihe okike n'ụlọ ahụ, juputara na giraffes, impala na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ mekwara Biri River Safari Lodge, nke ghọrọ ebe ndị njem na-ewu ewu.
Ugbo 3,000 acres (1,200 hectare) dị nso na Chegutu (nke a na-akpọ Hartley ruo 1982), nke dị 80 (130 km) n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Harare, were ihe dị ka mmadụ 500 n'ọrụ ma bụrụ ebe ọrụ ugbo, anụ na njem nleta. Campbell bụ onye nchedo mbụ, na-echegbu onwe ya maka idebe anụ ọhịa Africa. N'afọ 1999, afọ iri na itoolu mgbe Zimbabwe nweere onwe ya, gọọmentị kwupụtara na ya enweghị "mmasị" na ala Ugwu Carmel, ma nye Campbell ikike zuru oke nke ala ahụ.[1]
Otú ọ dị, n'afọ sochirinụ, ka usoro mgbanwe ala Robert Mugabe gbakọrọ ọsọ ọsọ, n'etiti ndị isi ojii 20 na 30 batara n'ala ahụ, ma jụ ịpụ. N'ịbụ ndị na-eche na ha nwere ike igbutu osisi dị n'ala ahụ iji wuo ụlọ, Campbell nyere ha ụlọ mposi ka ha na-ehi ụra.[1] N'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, ndị mwakpo ji nwayọọ nwayọọ weghara ugbo Campbell; ha gbara ụlọ obibi safari na ugbo ọkụ, ma gbuo ehi na anụ ọhịa niile nọ n'ugbo ahụ.[2] Ọrịa ịba wee gbasaa n'ógbè ahụ ma gbuo ndị ọrụ 11, yana nwunye nwa Campbell dị ime.[3] Ọtụtụ narị ndị ọrụ Campbell tụfuru ọrụ ha.[2] Ndị uwe ojii jidere onye njikwa ugbo Campbell na ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ ma mekpọọ ha ọnụ mgbe ha nwara ịgbachitere ugbo ahụ. A wakporo Campbell na nwunye ya na ọgọ ya nwoke mgbe ha laghachiri n'ụlọ ha mgbe ikpe ha na SADC na-aga n'ihu.
Ọnwụ
dezieCampbell nwụrụ n'ụlọ nwa oge ya na Harare na 8 Eprel 2011.[2][4] Nwunye ya Angela, ụmụ ya Bruce, Cathy na Laura, na ụmụ ụmụ 6 hapụrụ ya.[5] Ezinụlọ Campbell kwuru na ọ nwụrụ site na mgbagwoju anya nke mwakpo 2008 . [6]
Ihe odide
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Mike Campbell", The Economist, Economist Group, 20 April 2011. Retrieved on 25 January 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "economist" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Obituary – Mike Campbell", The Telegraph, 8 April 2011. Retrieved on 29 June 2011. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "grauniad" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Lamb. "Zimbabwe: white farmer Mike Campbell mounts last stand over land grab", The Sunday Times, 23 March 2008. Retrieved on 29 June 2011.
- ↑ Dugger. "Mike Campbell, Zimbabwean Farmer Who Fought Land Seizure, Dies at 78", The New York Times, 10 April 2011. Retrieved on 29 June 2011.
- ↑ "Mugabe and the White African: Film Update", POV, PBS, 25 July 2011. Retrieved on 8 October 2012.
- ↑ Dixon. "Mike Campbell dies at 78; white Zimbabwean challenged seizure of lands", Los Angeles Times, 8 April 2011.