Michael Young, Baron Young nke Dartington

Michael Dunlop Young, Baron Young nke Dartington, PC , HonFBA [1] (9 Ọgọst 1915 - 14 Jenụarị 2002), bụ ọkà nyere nsogbu na eze Britain, onye ikendọrọ ego na onye agha ego.  Ọ bụ onye obodo mepere emepe nke dị iche iche dị iche onye ọdịiche, onye ụgbọ agha ndị na onye na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ

The Right Honourable The Lord Young of Dartington Àtụ:Postnominals
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal
[[ Ambassador to Àtụ:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office Àtụ:En dash range
Personal details
Born	(1915-08-09) 9 Ọgọstụ 1915 Manchester, England
Died	14 Jenụwarị 2002(2002-01-14) (aged 86) London, England
Resting place	Highgate Cemetery, London, England
Political party	Labour (until 1981; 1989–2002) SDP (1981–88) 'Continuing' SDP (1988–89)
Spouse(s)	Joan Lawton ​ ​ (m. 1945; div. Àtụ:Hover title)​ Sasha Moorsom ​ ​ (m. Àtụ:Hover title; died Àtụ:Hover title)​ Dorit Uhlemann ​ ​ (m. 1995)​
Children	6, including Toby Young
Alma mater	London School of Economics
Awards	Albert Medal (1992)

N'oge ndụ ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ọ nyere aka n'ịkpụzi echiche Labor Party .  Mgbe ibu nke kọmitii nke Labour Party, ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka idepụta Ka anyị Chee Ọdịnihu, Ihe ngosi nke Labor maka nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 1945, [1] bụ onye na-akwado protagonist na ndụ mmadụ na ibe ya,  ma guzobe ma ọ bụ nyere aka nde mmadụ ndị mmadụ.  ụlọ ọrụ bara uru.  Ndị a na-akpọ Association Consumers' Association, Kedu?  magazin, National Consumer Council, na Open University, Institute for Community Studies, National Extension College, na Open College nke Arts na Asụsụ Line, a ekwentị-azụ azụmahịa.

Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ

ili di na Highgate Cemetery, London

A egwuregwu na-eto eto na Manchester, nwa (Ernest) Gibson Young, onye na-egwu violin Australia na onye nkatọ;  na onye Irish Bohemian na-ese ihe na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Edith Hermia Dunlop.  Dị ka nwa Michael, Toby si kwuo, Gibson bụ "ne'er-do-well", na "naanị ikike ndị nna ya nwere bụ ihe ha nwere ike zuru ohi n'aka ndị gentry".

Ruo mgbe ọ dị apụta, Young tolitere na Melbourne, na- England obere oge tupu eje ozi nne na nna ya agbasa.  Ọ gara ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, mechaa banye Dartington Hall, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na Devon, na 1920s.  Ya na obere ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ogologo oge, dịka nwa akwụkwọ, onye akwụkwọ, osote onye isi na onye ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ihe mere eme.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mgbasa na London School of Economics (BScEcon, MA), wee bụrụ onye iwu mgbe ọ na-ebu akwụkwọ ka ọka a na Bar na 1939.

Nnyocha ọha na eze na ime obodo

N'oge Agha nke ihe, Young jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke ndị soja na Economic Planning think tank wee ihe onye isi nke ihe maka Labor Party, ebe o dere akwụkwọ maka ndị mbụ aka n'ozuzu 1945 na akwụkwọ ikike  ọkà okwu buru ibu.  Ọ jere ozi n'okpuru ndị ọrụ nke Clement Attlee na-edu, ma በቀላሉ na 1950 na-ekwu na otu ahụ agwụla echiche.  Ọkakọ oku ka e guzobe otu Social Science Research Council wee bụrụ onye nduzi mbụ ya 17 afọ mgbe e ima

Ihe mkpakọ nke Young ụlọ obibi na mgbaàmà ime obodo na East London, bụ nke sitere na akara akara doctoral ya, mere ka ọ daa mbà n'obi na ọnọdụ obodo na ndị isi obodo Labour.  Nke a mụrụ ya Institute of Community Studies, nke bụ ụgbọ ala ya bụ isi ịga ịgagharị echiche ya nke mmadụ na ibe ya.  factor ya bụ ime ka ndị mmadụ kwuo okwu n'ịgba ndụ ha na ụlọ ọrụ ha.  Butler na-arụ ụka na ọ dọtara n'elu nhụcha nke dị ugbu a na nkà na-egosi ọha na eze na ọha mmadụ na eze iji mkpa dị n'ime ọha mmadụ nke oge a na inye ihe atụ nke ụmụ amaala na-  mmadụ, mmadụ n'otu na nkwado ibe na-ahụghị na ọrụ na-ama ihe.  Young kwalitere ndị agha nke ndị ọrụ obodo mepere, yana echiche ziri ezi maka ndị dị n'etiti ụmụ iji gosi na ndị ekpe leghaara ezina-ama anya na e-nna iweghachite ya dịka ike na-aga n'ihu.  Ebumnobi ya bụ ime ka akara na-arụ ọrụ sikwuo ike dị ka e debere ya dị ka ihe maka ihe ike

Ọ ntọala ntọala Mutual Aid Center n'oge a.  Ndị na-eto eto na-edekọ akwụkwọ (ya na Peter Willmott) Ezin na ndị ikwu na East London, na-edekọ na ndị ọnụ na-enyere aka mgbasa na eze nke ịweghachi obodo nwere njikọ chiri anya n'ime ụlọ dị iche (nke ndị mmadụ  Ọka njọ nsogbu na eze mara dị ka Fakinel na-akpọkarị ya na-ekiri olu).

Ọrụ nhazi

Nwoke nwere ume na onye nwere ikike, Young hibere ọtụtụ òtù ọhụrụ na mmepụta nke inye ụmụ amaala ngosi bara uru "n'okpuru ala".  N'afọ 1950 na 1960 ochie aka mkpuchi Consumers 'Association na National Consumer Council, na-azọrọ na "ndọrọ ngwaọrụ ga-adị akwụkwọ na-adị na-azụ na ike ike nke inwe, na ndị ọzọ na-enweta nke oriri"  -enye echiche na akwụkwọ nta.  Iko Dover White Chipped (1960).

Na 1960, ọ pụtara Advisory Center for Education [1] National Extension College na, ya na Peter Laslett, mahadum chi ọbọ na Anglia Television, [2] nke ekiri ihe atụ nke Ụlọ Open nke Harold Wilson akwụkwọ na 1964, na-ewuli elu.  na ya.  otu

N'etiti 1980s, Young co-guzobere International Alert, yana Leo Kuper na Martin Ennals.  [1] [2] Mgbe awụ iri ahụ ahụ, na 1987, ọ ntọala Open College of Arts, ndị nkatọ na-agbagwoju anya bụ ndị kwusiri ike na akara ike iji ụzọ dị anya esere nka nka.  O hiwe Asụsụ Asụsụ, azụmahịa ntụgharị ekwentị, iji mee ka ndị na-asụ Bekee nwee nhọrọ nha anya na ọrụ ọha.  Ọ kwalitere ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nche na-eto eto na "ndị ikom ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ", ma guzobe akwụkwọ maka ndị ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ na 1997. onye nke ọrụ Young site na Young Foundation,  nke e kere site na njikọ nke Institute of Community Studies na Mutual Aid Center, n'okpuru nduzi nke Geoff Mulgan

Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enwe ike siri ike, Young nakweere mmekọ ndụ na 20 Maachị 1978, na-ewere ụta Labour na aha Baron Young nke Dartington, nke Dartington na County nke Devon .  [1] Ọtụtụ ugboro njem ugboro ugboro na London, ndị ụgbọ ya na- ịma mma ụgbọ oloko na eze ọbịbịa n'efu n'oge ego ego ya.

Na 1981, Young gbapụrụ site na Labour gaa na Social Democratic Party (SDP), ma ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado 100 aha ha na-a-ajị n'ụdị ntọala SDP, Limehouse Declaration, na February nke afọ ahụ.  N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ebe ahụ na ọ dịpụrụ iche site n'otu n'otu mgbe ahụ na-erip Labour, Nledaanya Young maka ndị na-ede statist na ndị otu azụmahịa nke nkà ihe ndị mmadụ eze na eze agha agha na ọ kwadoro  echiche nke otu ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na-etolite n'ike ya (o nwere. akwadolarị nke ọma ka e guzobe otu "Parti Consumers' na The Chipped White Cups of Dover [1]). Mgbe o hụ na SDP,  ọ nta onye so na kọmitii hel nke pati ahụ na onye ntụzịaka nke ụlọ ọrụ echiche ya, The Tawney Society.

Otu onye otu onye isi nke abụọ nke SDP, David Owen, Young ụgbọ akwụkwọ nke otu ahụ na Liberal Party na 1988 ma kama soro Owen banye na 'na-aga n'ihu' SDP .  [1] Otu afọ ka e nyere, ọ tụrụ na Labor na-esote (n'okwu Owen) otu "nnukwu iwu na EEC, akara akara na Trident."  [2] [3] Ka o sina dị, Young ihe na-enwe obi abụọ ikike Labour nwere imeri atụmatụ aka na-esote ma kwenye na ọ ka ga-eche ihu na ọrụ nke imeziwanye mmadụ nsogbu na eze, nke nwere, o  kwuru, "na-adalata nke ukwuu Tony Crosland nwụrụ."

Dị ka enyi Young bụ Eric Midwinter si kwuo, "Echiche ya niile, ihe odide ya niile na-akpali akpali, Obama ya niile nke ọma, akara ya niile ejiri mee ihe bụ usoro dị mma na-eduzi ya. radicals dị ka Robert  Owen, Saint-Simon ma ọ bụ Charles Fourier, na ụmụ ha nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, ọ bụ n'aka ndịiche ma ọ bụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ."

Ndụ onwe onye

Nwa egwu ugboro atọ.  Na 1945 ọ ngosi Joan Lawton, onye ya na ụmụ nwoke abụọ na otu ihe.  Ha mechara gbaa gbaa, na na Disemba 1961 ọhà Sasha (ada Raisley Stewart Moorsom na nwa Admiral Sir Robert Moorsom ), [1] [2] onye na-ede akwụkwọ, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe nke  ya na nwa (nke a echiche tupu mgbe ahụ).  ozi na-eso ha) na nwa nwoke, onye nta akwụkwọ na onye edemede Toby Young.  [3] Young na Moorsom rụkọrọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ, egwuregwu n'ime obodo ndị dị na South Africa.  Moorsom nwụrụ na 1993 na na 1995 Young ngosi 37 milliner Dorit Uhlemann, [4] [5] [6] onye ya na ya nwere nwa aṅụ Gaia, onye nwụrụ na July 2021 dị afọ 25.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

• Will the War Make Us Poorer? [with Sir Henry Noel Young] (1943)
• Civil Aviation (1944)
• The Trial of Adolf Hitler (1944)
• There's Work for All [with Theodor Prager] (1945)
• Labour's Plan for Plenty (1947)
• What is a Socialised Industry? (1947)
• Small Man, Big World: A Discussion of Socialist Democracy (1949)
• Fifty Million Unemployed (1952)
• Study of the Extended Family in East London (1955)
• Family and Kinship in East London [with Peter Willmott] (1957)
• The Rise of the Meritocracy (1958)
• Chipped White Cups of Dover: A Discussion of the Possibility of a New Progressive Party (1960)
• Family and Class in a London Suburb [with Peter Willmott] (1960)
• New Look at Comprehensive Schools [with Michael Armstrong] (1964)
• Innovation and Research in Education (1967)
• Forecasting and the Social Sciences [ed.] (1968)
• Hornsey Plan: A Role for Neighbourhood Councils in the New Local Government (1971)
• Is Equality a Dream? (1972)
• Lifeline Telephone Service for the Elderly: An Account of a Pilot Project in Hull [with Peter G. Gregory] (1972)
• Learning Begins at Home: A Study of a Junior School and its Parents [with Patrick McGeeney] (1973)
• Symmetrical Family: A Study of Work and Leisure in the London Region [with Peter Willmott] (1973)
• Mutual Aid in a Selfish Society: A Plea for Strengthening the Co-operative Movement [with Marianne Rigge] (1979)
• Building Societies and the Consumer: A Report [with Marianne Rigge] (1981)
• Report from Hackney: A Study of an Inner-City Area [with others] (1981)
• The Elmhirsts of Dartington: The Creation of an Utopian Community (1982)
• Inflation, Unemployment and the Remoralisation of Society (1982)
• Up the Hill to Cowley Street: Views of Tawney Members on SDP Policy [ed. with Tony Flower and Peter Hall] (1982)
• Revolution from Within: Cooperatives and Cooperation in British Industry [with Marianne Rigge] (1983)
• Social Scientist as Innovator (1983)
• To Merge or Not to Merge? (1983)
• Development of New Growth Areas: Workers' Cooperatives and Their Environment: Comparative Analysis with a View to Job Creation: Support for Worker Cooperatives in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands [with Marianne Rigge] (1985)
• Metronomic Society: Natural Rhythms and Human Timetables (1988)
• Rhythms of society [ed. with Tom Schuller] (1988)
• Campaign for Children's After-School Clubs: The Case for Action [with Matthew Owen] (1991)
• Life After Work: The Arrival of the Ageless Society [with Tom Schuller, Johnston Birchall and Gwyneth Vernon) (1991)
• Governing London [with Jerry White] (1996)
• The New East End: Kinship, Race and Conflict [with Geoff Dench and Kate Gavron] (2006)

Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ hiwere na ntinye aka nke Michael Young

• Institute of Community Studies, 1954 (onye nduzi 1954-2002, ugbu a akụkụ nke Young Foundation )
• Association of Consumers, 1957 (onye isi oche 1957–65, Onye isi ala 1965–93)
• Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha maka ndị ahịa nwere nkwarụ, 1963 (onye isi oche 1963)
• Kọmitii South Africa maka agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, 1959 (onye nkwado ntọala)
• Botswana Extension College, 1959
• Ebe nkuzi anya Lesotho, 1959
• Ụlọ ndụmọdụ maka agụmakwụkwọ, 1959
• Betnal Green Exports Ltd., 1964–66
• Kansụl nyocha Sayensị Sayensị Social, 1965 (onye isi oche 1965–68)
• Otu nyocha na mmepe Thameside, 1967–69
• National Consumer Council, 1975 (onye isi oche 1975–77)
• National Extension College, 1962 (onye isi oche 1962–71)
• Mahadum mepere emepe, 1964
• National Innovations Center, 1968–74
• Institute for Social Studies na Medical Care, 1970-94
• International Extension College, 1971–2006
• Social Audit, 1972
• Ebe Enyemaka Mutual, 1977 (nke ugbu a bụ akụkụ nke Young Foundation)
• Klọb Ọmụmụ Ihe Ndị njem, 1980
• Njikere mba ụwa, 1981
• Mahadum nke Agbọ Atọ, 1982
• Tawney Society, 1982–88
• College of Health, 1983
• Association maka Ọmụmụ Ihe Ọmụmụ nke Oge, 1983
• Argo Venture, 1984–95
• Healthline, 1986
• Mepee kọleji nka nka, 1987 (onye isi oche 1987–91)
• Center for Electoral Choice, 1987
• Center for Educational Choice, 1988
• Njikọ, 1988–95
• Samizdat, 1988–90
• Ụlọ akwụkwọ mepere emepe, 1989
• Ahịrị Asụsụ, 1990
• Usoro mmụta ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị maka ndị okenye (ASECA), 1991 p35
• Mmemme Nkụzi Ndị okenye (ABEP), 1991
• Ụlọ ọrụ South Africa nke mmụta anya (SAIDE), 1991
• Mgbakwunye agụmakwụkwọ, 1992
• Otu mba maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa, 1993
• Tower Hamlets Independent News Service (THINK), 1993–94
• National Funerals College, 1994
• Njikọ Ọgbụgba Ndụ Ezinụlọ, 1994
• Ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị ọchụnta ego na-elekọta mmadụ, 1997
• Phoenix Education Trust, 2001

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

• Butler (2015). "Michael Young, the Institute of Community Studies, and the Politics of Kinship". Twentieth Century British History 26 (2): 203–224. DOI:10.1093/tcbh/hwu063. PMID 26411065. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Michael Young 1915–2002 – Social Entrepreneur. The Jobs Letter (14 February 2002).
• "The merits of revisiting Michael Young — a book published 60 years ago predicted most of the tensions tearing contemporary Britain apart", The Economist, 10 February 2018.
• "obituary", The Guardian, 16 January 2002.
• "obituary", The New York Times, 25 January 2002.
• The Advisory Centre for Education (ACE)
• The Young Foundation – History
• The Young Foundation
• The Papers of Michael Young at the Churchill Archives Centre
• The Papers of Sasha Moorsom Young at the Churchill Archives Centre
• The School for Social Entrepreneurs
• Phoenix Education Trust - About Us