Mgbanwe ọnụahịa gburugburu ebe obibi
| obere ụdị nke | economic reform  |
|---|
Mgbanwe ọnụahịa gburugburu ebe obibi ( EPR ) ma ọ bụ Ecological fiscal reform ( EFR ) bụ amụma gbasara mmefu ego nke ịhazigharị ọnụ ahịa ahịa iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ụgwọ na uru gburugburu ebe obibi; A na-arụzu nke a site n'iji ụdị ụtụ isi ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ntinye aka iji kpalie ma ọ bụ mebie omume nwere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. [1] [2]
Mpụga (ụdị ọdịda ahịa ) dị ebe ọnụ ahịa ahịa na-ewepụ ụgwọ gburugburu ebe obibi na/ma ọ bụ uru. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, ezi uche (mmasị onwe) mkpebi akụ na ụba nwere ike ịkpata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi, yana mgbagha akụ na ụba na adịghị arụ ọrụ. [3]
Ndozigharị ọnụahịa gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ lekwasịrị anya karịa (dịka ọmụmaatụ kpọmkwem na mpaghara (dị ka ike ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ Ngwuputa ) ma ọ bụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe ). Ngwa dabere na ahịa "ma ọ bụ" ngwa akụ na ụba maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi" bụ ihe atụ nke mgbanwe ọnụahịa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọmụmaatụ gụnyere mgbanwe ụtụ isi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ( ecotaxation ), ikike mmetọ nwere ike ịzụ ahịa, ma ọ bụ inye aka nke ahịa maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. [4]
Hụkwa dezie
- Ecotax
- Ndekọ gburugburu ebe obibi
- Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi
- Ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi
- Ego gburugburu ebe obibi
Edensibia dezie
- ↑ Thompson (May 2010). The Power of Prices and the Failure of Markets. The Edmonton Sustainability Papers. City of Edmonton. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved on 3 January 2015.
- ↑ Beauregard-Tellier (17 March 2006). Ecological Fiscal Reform. Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved on 3 January 2015.
- ↑ Mankiw (2012). Principles of Economics, 6th, Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning, 196. ISBN 9780538453059.
- ↑ OECD (2015-06-25). Taxing Energy Use 2015: OECD and Selected Partner Economies, Taxing Energy Use (in en). OECD. DOI:10.1787/9789264232334-en. ISBN 978-92-64-23232-7.