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Mgbọ (ihe osise)

 

Mgbọ (ihe osise)
painting
Oge/afọ mmalite2010 Dezie
mba/obodoSouth Africa Dezie
ebeỤlọ ngosi Goodman Dezie
Onye nchepụtaBrett Murray Dezie
nchịkọtaunknown value Dezie

Spear bụ ihe osise 2010 nke onye omenkà South Africa bụ Brett Murray sitere na Cape Town . Na-etinye na ngosi ọha na eze na 2012, ọ na-egosi mgbe ahụ South Africa President Jacob Zuma, ya genitals kpughere, na a guzo pose reminiscent nke Russian mgbanwe Vladimir Lenin . [1] Ihe osise a kpalitere ikpe nkwutọ sitere n'aka ndị otu Zuma, African National Congress (ANC).

Mkpesa ọha nke ANC maka eserese na imebi ihe n'elu ya wetara nlebara anya obodo na mba ụwa niile na eserese ahụ, ebe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ obere ọrụ.

Ihe ngosi

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Ihe osise a bụ otu n'ime iberibe ihe nkiri Brett Murray 's Hail to the Thief II ngosi na Goodman Gallery na Johannesburg, nke mepere na 10 Mee 2012. [2] E nwetara mkpali sitere n'aka onye na-ese ihe Russia Viktor Semyonovich Ivanov akwụkwọ mmado Lenin Lived, Lenin Is Ndụ, Lenin Ga-adị ndụ . [3] Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara iberibe dị iche iche na-akatọ pati na-achị Saụt Afrịka, bụ ANC, na-egosi ihe ọkpụkpụ na onyonyo na-egosi nrụrụ aka na ọchịchị ọjọọ. [2] Ọrụ Murray na ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyekwara mgbanwe nke akwụkwọ mmado nnwere onwe ANC-mgbagwoju anya na akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'oge Apartheid, ụfọdụ na-egosipụta ederede " Amandla, anyị na-achọ Chivas, BMWs na ngarị ". [4]

Echiche ọha Jacob Zuma

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Zuma na-abụkarị ebe ihe nrịba ama na ịkwa emo, n'ihi ụdị ndụ ọ na-ebi n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na ọtụtụ ndị nwunye na ndị enyi nwanyị, [5] na okwu o kwuru n'oge ikpe mmeko nwoke na nwanyị 2006 na ịsa ahụ mgbe mmekọahụ ga-ebelata ohere nke ibute nje HIV . [6] Ụzọ ndụ ya mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama bụ onye na-ese foto Zapiro, bụ onye na-egosipụtakarị Zuma na-asa ahụ n'isi, na-akwa emo okwu ndị o kwuru n'oge ikpe ya. [7] ANC gbakwara Zapiro akwụkwọ maka nkwutọ, ebe a na-atụ anya ịnụ na Ọktoba 2012. [8] Echiche ọha ndị a banyere Zuma nyere akụkụ nke ndabere maka eserese Brett Murray. [8]

Zapiro gbakwunyere ọkụ na ọkụ site n'ịme ụdị nke ya nke eserese ahụ, na-eji isi ịsa ahụ dochie akụkụ anụ ahụ. [9] Onye ọzọ pụtara ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, na-akwa Zuma emo. [10]

Nzaghachi ANC

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Mgbe nyocha na foto pụtara na <i id="mwRw">City Press</i>, Liza Essers, onye nwe na onye nduzi nke Goodman Gallery, kwuru na ya natara oku ekwentị site n'aka Mduduzi Mbata, onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye minista nka na omenala, na-achọ ime ka echiche ya doo anya. ihe ngosi. Ọ kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa na gallery ahụ na Tuzdee na-esote. [11]

Ndị ANC wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ na 17 May 2012 na-ekwupụta iwe maka eserese ahụ ma kwuo na ọ ga-emetụta Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu iji wepụ ya. Ndị ọkaiwu na-anọchite anya ANC na Zuma kwughachiri egwu a na ozi email ezigara Essers otu ụbọchị. [11] Ihe osise a nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị isi ANC na òtù okpukpe dị iche iche, bụ ndị hụrụ ihe osise a "ihe rụrụ arụ" na "ihe rụrụ arụ". [12] Otu onye ndú nke Chọọchị Baptist Nazaret kpọrọ oku ka a tụgbuo onye na-ese ihe na nkume. [11] Ndị ANC chọkwara ka ewetuo onyonyo a na webụsaịtị <i id="mwUw">City Press</i> . Onye nkwuchite ọnụ ANC bụ Jackson Mthembu kwuru maka eserese a, "Ndị otu mba Afrịka na-akpasu oke iwe ma na-akpasu iwe n'ụzọ jọgburu onwe ya na nke adịghị mma nke Brett Murray na Goodman Gallery dị na Johannesburg na-egosipụta ụdị onye comrade President Jacob Zuma". [13] Zuma zara ihe osise ahụ site n'ikwu na ọ na-ese ya dị ka "onye na-akpa ọchị na onye na-akpa nwanyị". [14]

Na nzaghachi maka usoro iwu na-abịanụ, ọnụ na-ekwuchitere gallery Lara Koseff kwuru na ndị ọka iwu ya azaghachila na ọ ga-anọ ruo mgbe ihe ngosi a ga-agwụ, na-ekwu maka mkpachapụ anya dị ka isi na mkpebi ikwe ka ihe ngosi ahụ gaa n'ihu. [12] Otu ndị otu nwanyị ANC chọkwara ka a kwụsị ihe ngosi a, ma wepụ ihe onyonyo a na ịntanetị. [15] [16] Brett Murray kwuru na e bughị ihe osise ya n'obi ọjọọ, kama dịka "mgbalị ịme ọchị ọchị nke ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nna ochie n'ime ihe osise ndị ọzọ na ihe ngosi na n'ime okwu South Africa sara mbara". [17]

Nsonaazụ

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Nkatọ ọhaneze nke ANC gbasara eserese ahụ wetara nlebara anya obodo na mba ụwa niile na eserese a, ebe ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ nwere ike bụrụ na ọ bụ obere ọrụ. N'ihi nke a, a na-akọwa ihe omume na ọdịda na-esote dị ka ihe atụ nke mmetụta Streisand . [18] [19] N'ikpeazụ, e gosipụtara Spear na nchịkọta akụkọ na njirimara akụkọ n'ụdị mgbasa ozi ọdịnala na dijitalụ niile.

Mgbapu mgbasa ozi

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Mgbe City Press jụrụ ugboro ugboro iwepu onyonyo eserese na webụsaịtị ha, ANC kpọkuru ndị otu ya na ndị na-akwado ya ka ha kwụsị itinye mgbasa ozi na, na ịzụrụ akwụkwọ kwa izu. Nkwupụta nke ANC wepụtara kwuru, sị: "Ọjụjụ ha jụrụ iwepụ ihe onyonyo a na webụsaịtị ha na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ha na-achịkwa bụ ihe na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya na akwụkwọ akụkọ a esoghị n'ọgbọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ụkpụrụ anyị. N'ịzaghachi n'iwepụ akwụkwọ ahụ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ City Press Ferial Haffajee kọwara oku Nzimande kpọrọ ka ọ wepụ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ihe na-akpasu iwe. [20]

Ndị South African National Editors' Forum (SANEF) katọrọ ANC, [21] nke kwuru na "Ọ bụ ezie na anyị ghọtara ikike ANC nwere inye ndị otu ndụmọdụ ka ha na-eme mkpebi ndị ahịa ha, oku maka ịhapụ akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ. dị ka iyi egwu na iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi ... Ụdị omume a adịghị mma nke otu pati na-arụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na karịsịa nke na-edu ọchịchị mba." [22] International Press Institute (IPI) katọrọ mwepu nke City Press, [23] na ka ọ na-erule 28 Mee, ụbọchị iri ka akwụkwọ akụkọ bipụtara eserese ahụ na nke mbụ, echiche ndị dị na ANC kewara na ọtụtụ ndị agadi. ndị otu na-emegide mgbochi ahụ. [24]

Defacement

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N'ụtụtụ ụbọchị Mee 22, 2012, ụmụ nwoke abụọ batara na gallery n'oge awa nleta wee mebie ihe osise ahụ - nke mbụ site n'esere obe na-acha uhie uhie n'elu ihe ngosi nke ihu Zuma na akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ ahụ wee site n'itinye agba ojii n'elu kwaaji. E jidere ha abụọ - Barend la Grange na Lowie Mabokela [25] . A na-aga ikpe ụlọikpe nke ANC wetara. [17] [26]

Nhazi

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Na 22 May 2012, Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe nkiri na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ (FPB) nke South Africa kwupụtara na ezipụla otu ìgwè nke klas ise ka ha nyochaa The Spear, [27] na-agbaso mkpesa kpọmkwem na FPB, nke bụ òtù iwu na-ahụ maka nhazi, na itinye ntụle afọ na ndụmọdụ ọdịnaya na, ọrụ ndị ebipụtara ma ọ bụ kesaa na South Africa, [28] gụnyere ihe nkiri, egwuregwu kọmputa, onyonyo nke ụdị niile, na akwụkwọ ebipụtara; [29] : 1, 3 Otú ọ dị, "Ọ bụ nanị akwụkwọ ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ ka FPB ga-ebufe tupu ha ahapụ ya n'ahịa" ebe a na-atụle ndị ọzọ na-adabere na "mkpesa ndị ọha na eze nwetara gbasara akwụkwọ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ", [30] na ikike FPB na-ewepụ kpọmkwem akwụkwọ akụkọ [29] : 3 [31] [32] na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, [31] [33] nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-achịkwa. N'ihi nke a, usoro FPB nwere ike ịtụle eserese n'onwe ya, ihe ngosi ya site na gallery, na mbipụta ya ma ọ bụ mbipụta enwere ike na weebụsaịtị ma ọ bụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ n'okpuru ikike FPB; na enweghị ike ikwu maka mbipụta nke foto ya site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ bụ ndị mgbasa ozi. [29] : 3 [31] [32] N'oge usoro nhazi ọkwa, e nwere ebubo na FPB na-eme ihe na-abụghị nke iwu kwadoro, [34] nakwa na ndị otu kpọmkwem emeela nkwupụta ma ọ bụ jụọ ajụjụ na-egosi na o ruru eru nyocha echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na igbochi nnwere onwe nke nnwere onwe. pịa. [35]

Na 1 June 2012, FPB mara ọkwa na ọkwa ọkwa e kenyere 'The Spear' jụrụ oku onye mkpesa maka eserese ahụ ka e gosiri X18 [29] : 5 (itinye ya n'ime ụdị ọrụ ndị gba ọtọ iwu kwadoro nke ga-agaferịrị site na FPB tupu ahapụ ha n'ahịa", [30] na nke a nwere ike kesaa naanị site na ndị nkesa nwere ikike, bụ ndị a chọrọ iji nweta ihe akaebe nke afọ [36] : 19 ), ma o kpebiri na a 16N rating maka mbụ, undefaced na uncensored, eserese, nke pụtara na a ga-etinye usoro iji gbochie ịnweta ya na ihe oyiyi ya site n'aka ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na isii, na inye ndụmọdụ "nwere mmetụta. ndị na-ekiri okenye" ihe karịrị iri na isii na ọ nwere ịgba ọtọ (mana ọ bụghị ọdịnaya mmekọahụ doro anya, nke S na ọkwa ahụ ga-ahọpụtara). [29] : 5 [32] [37] [38] N'ime nkwupụta mgbasa ozi ya na-ekwupụta nhazi ọkwa, FPB zoro aka ogologo oge na ikike na ọrụ iwu ya, karịsịa ọrụ ya na "ịkwalite nchekwa ụmụaka"; [29] : 1 ma gọnarị ya n'ụzọ doro anya na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị emetụtawo ya ma ọ bụ mee ihe karịrị ikike ya, na-ekwu na "Anyị kwenyere na akụkọ ndị megidere ya bụ nke e mere kpọmkwem iji mebie aha Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe nkiri na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ, na-agbagha iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, ikike, ntụkwasị obi yana nkwenye. chepụta dị ka eziokwu ụgha echiche na steeti na-achọ ịgbachi nkịtị na censor mgbasa ozi n'ụzọ ọ bụla kwere omume na n'enweghị nkwanye ùgwù maka usoro na ụkpụrụ anabatara ". [29] : 3 Na nzaghachi nye ajụjụ, onye isi ọrụ FPB Mmapula Fisha kwuru na Ube dị iche na ọrụ nka ndị ọzọ nwere ịgba ọtọ, ma kwesịkwa na nhazi 16N, n'ihi na "ihe osise ahụ amanyela ọha mmadụ ilegharị anya akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na-egbu mgbu". [32]

Na 10 Ọktoba 2012, FPB mara ọkwa na Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ihe nkiri na Mkpegharị Ọha akwadola mkpesa Goodman Gallery, wepụrụ nhazi ọkwa ahụ wee si otú ahụ wepụ ihe mgbochi niile na mbipụta na ịnweta eserese ahụ. [39] [40] [41] E bipụtara mkpebi nke ụlọ ikpe ahụ [42] n'otu ụbọchị ahụ. [43]

Ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ahụ kwadoro mkpebi kọmitii nhazi ọkwa mbụ na e kwesịghị ekewa Spear dị ka ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, [42] : 5–7 mana achọtara megide kọmitii ahụ, usoro ya na nhazi ya n'ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ.

Ntụaka

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na-ese ihe Russia Viktor Semyonovich Ivanov akwụkwọ mmado Lenin Lived, Lenin Is Ndụ, Lenin Ga-adị ndụ . [44] Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara iberibe dị iche iche na-akatọ patina-ese ihe Russia Viktor Semyonovich Ivanov akwụkwọ mmado Lenin Lived, Lenin Is Ndụ, Lenin Ga-adị ndụ . [45] Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara iberibe dị iche iche na-akatọ patina-ese ihe Russia Viktor Semyonovich Ivanov akwụkwọ mmado Lenin Lived, Lenin Is Ndụ, Lenin Ga-adị ndụ . [46] Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara iberibe dị iche iche na-akatọ patina-ese ihe Russia Viktor Semyonovich Ivanov akwụkwọ mmado Lenin Lived, Lenin Is Ndụ, Lenin Ga-adị ndụ . [47] Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara iberibe dị iche iche na-akatọ pati

  1. ↑ Govender. Presidential penis portrait riles S. Africa's ANC. Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goodman Gallery - Hail to the Thief II. Goodman Gallery. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  3. ↑ The painting of President Zuma. inside-politics.org (17 May 2012). Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  4. ↑ Sameer Naik and Kashiefa Ajam (22 May 2012). It's staying up!. The Saturday Star. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  5. ↑ Jacob Zuma - "Polygamy is part of my culture". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  6. ↑ "SA's Zuma 'showered to avoid HIV'", BBC News. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  7. ↑ Nicolaides. Zapiro revives showerhead. iafrica.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jacob Zuma painting: ANC to sue South Africa's Brett Murray. BBC News (18 May 2012). Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  9. ↑ Published in Sunday Times on 20 May 2012. Zapiro (20 May 2012). Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved on 24 May 2012.
  10. ↑ 120522tt - President Zuma outraged at Brett Murray's Painting - Spear of the Nation. Zapiro (22 May 2012). Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved on 24 May 2012.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Dubin (5 June 2012). Liza Essers, Gallery Owner, on the Show that Scandalized South Africa. Art in America. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.Dubin, Steven (5 June 2012). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AiA" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mosomane. Zuma painting against Ubuntu, African morality, culture. The New Age. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved on 19 May 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mosomane1" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ ANC to go to court over Zuma painting. News24.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  14. ↑ "Painting makes me a womaniser - Zuma", Independent Online, 20 May 2012. Retrieved on 20 May 2012.
  15. ↑ "Painting violates president's integrity, says ANCWL", Times Live, 19 May 2012. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  16. ↑ Stephen. "Zuma portrait saga goes to court", Eyewitness News, 19 May 2012. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Pasley-Banks. "Zuma painting defaced at Goodman Gallery", News24, 22 May 2012. Retrieved on 22 May 2012. “The controversial painting depicting President Jacob Zuma with his genitals exposed was defaced by two men at the Goodman Gallery in Johannesburg on Tuesday.”Pasley-Banks, Carrin (22 May 2012). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "N24Defaced" defined multiple times with different content
  18. ↑ Just Hanging Out. 6000 Miles from Civilization (18 May 2012). Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.
  19. ↑ Mahere. "Why Zuma's Spear should stay up", New Zimbabwe, 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  20. ↑ "Boycott 'immoral' City Press, ANC urges", News24.co.za, 25 May 2012. Retrieved on 25 May 2012.
  21. ↑ Smith. "Zuma genitals row escalates as ANC calls for boycott of newspaper", The Guardian, 25 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  22. ↑ Sanef alarmed at call by the ANC to boycott City Press Newspaper (Press release). South African National Editors' Forum website (24 May 2012). Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  23. ↑ Greenslade. "South African newspaper defies ANC boycott call", The Guardian, 28 May 2012. Retrieved on 16 December 2016.
  24. ↑ Greenslade. "South African newspaper defies ANC boycott call", Greenslade Blog - The Guardian, 28 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  25. ↑ Adam Martin (23 May 2012). Painting of South African President's Penis Defaced. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved on 24 May 2012.
  26. ↑ "Zuma 'penis painting' defaced", iafrica.com, 22 May 2012. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  27. ↑ Film and Publication Board (South Africa) (22 May 2012). FPB Classification of 'The Spear' Artwork as Displayed at the Goodman Gallery (PDF document). FPB.gov.za. Film and Publication Board. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
  28. ↑ Film and Publication Board (South Africa). Film and Publication Board Profile. FPB.org.za. Film and Publication Board. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 Film and Publication Board (South Africa) (1 June 2012). FPB Classification of 'The Spear' Artwork (PDF document). FPB.gov.za. Film and Publication Board. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.Film and Publication Board (South Africa) (1 June 2012). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fpb20120601" defined multiple times with different content
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Film and Publication Board (South Africa). Classification of Films, Games and Publications. FPB.org.za. Film and Publication Board. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.Film and Publication Board (South Africa). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fpbclassification" defined multiple times with different content
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 South African Press Association. "'We don't rule over City Press', says FPB", Sunday Times, Times Live, 29 May 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 South African Press Association. "Board explains Spear 16N rating", Independent Online, 1 June 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.South African Press Association (1 June 2012). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "iol20120601" defined multiple times with different content
  33. ↑ Film and Publication Board (South Africa). Home. FPB.org.za. Film and Publication Board. Archived from the original on 23 August 2012. Retrieved on 12 October 2012.
  34. ↑ South African Press Association. "Board has no right to classify "The Spear": lawyer", Sunday Times, Times Live, 29 May 2012. Retrieved on 3 June 2012.
  35. ↑ de Wet. "'The Spear': It's classified, and now up to the ombud", Mail & Guardian, 30 May 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
  36. ↑ Government of the Republic of South Africa (15 March 2010). "Regulations - Film and Publication Act 3 of 2009". Government Gazette, Republic of South Africa 537 (33026). Retrieved on 12 October 2012. 
  37. ↑ South African Press Association. "'The Spear' gets 16N rating", Mail & Guardian, 1 June 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
  38. ↑ South African Press Association. "Censors rate Spear 16N for nudity", Sunday Times, Times Live, 1 June 2012. Retrieved on 1 June 2012.
  39. ↑ City Press Staff Reporter. "Appeal tribunal declassifies The Spear", City Press, 10 October 2012. Retrieved on 11 October 2012.
  40. ↑ South African Press Association & Witness Reporter. "The Spear: Classification of painting overturned on appeal", Witness.co.za, 11 October 2012. Retrieved on 11 October 2012.
  41. ↑ South African Press Association. "'The Spear' declassified", Sunday Times, Times Live, 10 October 2012. Retrieved on 11 October 2012.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Govender (7 October 2012). Award In re: Appeal against the classification of the painting known as The Spear and the electronic versions of it (Microsoft Word 2007 .docx document). FPB.org.za. Film and Publication Board. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved on 11 October 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fpb20121007award" defined multiple times with different content
  43. ↑ Film and Publication Board (South Africa) (10 October 2012). Press Statement on the award in respect of the appeal for the FPB Classification of 'The Spear' painting as displayed at the Goodman Gallery. FPB.org.za. Film and Publication Board. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved on 11 October 2012.
  44. ↑ The painting of President Zuma. inside-politics.org (17 May 2012). Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  45. ↑ The painting of President Zuma. inside-politics.org (17 May 2012). Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  46. ↑ The painting of President Zuma. inside-politics.org (17 May 2012). Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.
  47. ↑ The painting of President Zuma. inside-politics.org (17 May 2012). Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved on 7 June 2012.

Hụkwa

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  • Mirth &amp; Girth, ihe atụ atụnyere onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Chicago
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