Melba Pattillo Beals

Melba Joy Patillo Beals (née Pattillo; amụrụ na Disemba 7, 1941) bụ onye nta akụkọ Amerika na onye nkuzi bụ onye otu Obere Nkume Nine, otu ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii bụ ndị mbụ sonyere na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Little Rock Central na Little Rock, Arkansas.

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

A mụrụ ya na Disemba 7, 1941, Beals tolitere n'ezinụlọ nke butere agụmakwụkwọ ụzọ. Nne ya, Lois Marie Pattillo, bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ojii mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Arkansas na 1954 onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi Bekee n'ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti. Nna ya, Howell Pattillo, rụrụ ọrụ na Missouri Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Pacific. Nwanne Beals, Conrad S. Pattillo, jere ozi dị ka U.S. Marshal nke Eastern District of Arkansas n'oge ọchịchị Clinton. ^[1]

Agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị

Mgbe ọ na-aga Horace Mann Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Obere Nkume, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ndị isi ojii, Patillo matara na ọ naghị enweta otu agụmakwụkwọ dị mma dịka ndị ọgbọ ya na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Central. Patillo wepụtara onwe ^[1] ka ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii asatọ ndị ọzọ si Horace Mann na Dunbar Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Junior na Obere Nkume gaa Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Central Beals dị afọ iri na ise mgbe ọ họọrọ idebanye aha na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Central na Mee 1956. ^[2] Ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii itoolu ahụ chere ìgwè mmadụ ihu nke manyere Onye isi ala Dwight D. Eisenhower iziga 101st Airborne Division iji chebe ndụ ha mgbe gọvanọ nke Arkansas, Orval Faubus, jiri ndị agha Onye nche obodo gbochie ụmụ akwụkwọ ịbanye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Beals mere atụmatụ ịlaghachi Central High maka afọ agụmakwụkwọ 1958-1959, mana Gọvanọ Faubus mechiri ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị niile nke Obere Nkume nke na eguzogide njikọta, [1] na eduga na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ gafee South ime otu ihe ahụ. ^{[citation needed]} Ọ bụghị ruo n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1959 ka Central High meghere ọzọ n'ụzọ jikọtara ọnụ.

Beals kwagara Santa Rosa, California site n'enyemaka nke NAACP iji mezue afọ ikpeazụ ya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Montgomery. Beals ^[3] ezinụlọ nke ndị nne na nna nkuchi Dr. George na Carol McCabe biri. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, ọ malitere ide maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin ndị isi.

Kọleji

Beals gara Mahadum San Francisco Steeti, nweta nzere bachelọ. O mechara nweta nzere masta na akwụkwọ akụkọ na Mahadum Columbia. Na Mee 22, 2009, ọ natara nzere doctoral ya na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum San Francisco. Ụbọchị ahụ bụ emume mmalite nke USF nke afọ 150 .

Ọrụ

Akwụkwọ Beals bụ Ndị dike anaghị akwa ákwá na-akọ ihe mere na 1957 n'oge nsogbu Little Rock, dabere n'otu akụkụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ debere n'oge ahụ. ^[4] dekwara White is a State of Mind, nke malitere ebe Warriors kwụsịrị. Ruo ugbu ^[5], Ndị dike anaghị akwa ákwá na-aga n'ihu ịbụ # 1 Amazon bestseller na ụdị "Akwụkwọ akụkọ Teen & Young Adult na-akọ banyere ajọ mbunobi". [1]

N'afọ 1959, NAACP nyere Beals na ndị ọzọ so na Obere Nkume Nine, tinyere onye isi ikike obodo Daisy Bates, onye nyere ndị otu ahụ ndụmọdụ n'oge ọgụ ha na Central High. N'afọ 1999, e nyere ya na ndị ọzọ n'ime itoolu ahụ nsọpụrụ kachasị elu, Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Congress. N^[6] narị atọ ndị ọzọ natara nke a.

kụziri akwụkwọ akụkọ na Mahadum Dominican nke California, ebe ọ bụ onye isi oche emeritus nke ngalaba nkwukọrịta.

Ndụ onwe onye

Mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji, ọ zutere John Beals, onye o mechara lụọ. Ha nwere otu nwa nwanyị, Kelli, ma mesịa gbaa alụkwaghịm. N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1992, Beals kuchiri ụmụ ejima, Matthew na Evan.^[7]^[8] Beals bi na San Francisco Bay Area.

Ihe odide

Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Beals. Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Putnam Publishing. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EAHC2" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Melba Pattillo Beals of the Little Rock Nine presents Birkett Williams Lecture at Ouachita. Retrieved on 21 November 2019.
↑ Melba Pattillo Beals, Warriors Don't Cry (Pocket Books, 1994), pp. 307–308.
↑ Beals (2007). Warriors Don't Cry (in en). ISBN 978-1416948827.
↑ Beals (2007). Warriors Don't Cry: A Searing Memoir of the Battle to Integrate Little Rock's Central High, Reissue (in English), New York London Toronto Sydney: Simon Pulse. ISBN 978-1416948827.
↑ Anjetta McQueen, "Medals for 9 Heroes," San Francisco Chronicle, November 10, 1999, p. B1.
↑ "Q & A with Melba Pattillo Beals", PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved on 2018-11-29. (in en)
↑ Melba Pattillo Beals, White is a State of Mind (Putnam Adult, 1999).

Akwụkwọ

Beals, Melba Pattillo. Ndị agha anaghị akwa ákwá: Ihe ncheta nke Agha iji sonye na Central High nke Little Rock. New York: Pocket Books, 1994. ISBN 0-671-86638-9
Beals, Melba Pattillo. White Is a State of Mind: A Memoir. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ISBN 0-399-14464-1
Beals, Melba Pattillo. March Forward, Girl: Site na Young Warrior ruo Little Rock Nine. HMH Books for Young Readers, 2018. ISBN 1328882128
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Agaghị m atụ egwu: Akụkọ m banyere ndụ nke iwulite okwukwe n'okpuru ọkụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ISBN 0800729439

Njikọ mpụga

Mpụta na C- SPAN

Àtụ:Spingarn Medal

[EAHC2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Beals. Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Putnam Publishing. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EAHC2" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Melba Pattillo Beals of the Little Rock Nine presents Birkett Williams Lecture at Ouachita. Retrieved on 21 November 2019.

[3] Melba Pattillo Beals, Warriors Don't Cry (Pocket Books, 1994), pp. 307–308.

[4] Beals (2007). Warriors Don't Cry (in en). ISBN 978-1416948827.

[5] Beals (2007). Warriors Don't Cry: A Searing Memoir of the Battle to Integrate Little Rock's Central High, Reissue (in English), New York London Toronto Sydney: Simon Pulse. ISBN 978-1416948827.

[6] Anjetta McQueen, "Medals for 9 Heroes," San Francisco Chronicle, November 10, 1999, p. B1.

[7] "Q & A with Melba Pattillo Beals", PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved on 2018-11-29. (in en)

[8] Melba Pattillo Beals, White is a State of Mind (Putnam Adult, 1999).

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