Martha Wise
Martha Wise (née Hasel; Eprel 18, 1883 - June 28, 1971) bụ onye America na-egbu egbu na onye na egbu ọtụtụ mmadụ. Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị na ezinụlọ ya manyere ya ịkwụsị mmekọrịta ya na onye hụrụ ya n'anya ọhụrụ, Wise megwara site n'ịgbu ndị òtù ezinụlọ iri na asaa, ndị atọ n'ime ha nwụrụ.n'afọ 1924. A mara ya ikpe maka otu n'ime ogbugbu ndị ahụ, n'agbanyeghị ebubo na-azara ọnụ na ọ na-arịa ọrịa uche nakwa na onye hụrụ ya n'anya nyere ya iwu ka ọ gbuo ezinụlọ ya. A na-ewere ikpe ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ihe na-akpali akpali nke oge na Ohio, ebe ọ mere.[1]
Ndụ mbido
dezieA mụrụ Martha Wise na 1883 na Hardscrabble, Ohio, nke Sophia Elizabeth Gienke na di ya Wilhelm Carl Hasel, ha abụọ bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo.[2] A mụkwara ụmụnne nwoke atọ na otu nwanne nwanyị n'ezinụlọ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ndị dị n'oge ahụ na-akpọ naanị ụmụnne atọ, ụmụnne nwoke abụọ aha ha bụ Frederick na Paul, na nwanne nwanyị aha ya bụ Emma. [1][3] N'afọ 1906, Martha zutere Albert Wise nke tọrọ ya nke ukwuu na igbe mmekọrịta; [2] ha abụọ lụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na Wise leghaara ya anya inye ya mgbaaka agbamakwụkwọ. [4]
Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ enweghị obi ụtọ. Martha kwagara n'ugbo Albert's 50-acre (20 ha), mana ọ chọpụtara ngwa ngwa na ọ tụrụ anya ka onye ọrụ ugbo karịa nwunye, na ndụ adịghịkwa obere ogbenye dịka nwanyị lụrụ nwanyị karịa ka ọ dịbu mgbe ya na nne na nna ya biri. Ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ dị ime, a manyere ya ịrụ ọrụ ugbo nke na-abụkarị nwoke na-achọkarị (dị ka ubi ịkọ ubi [1] na ezì na-akpụ akpụ [2]) yana ọrụ ụlọ a na-emebu nke ịsa achịcha na ihicha. Nwa mbụ di na nwunye ahụ, bụ Walter Austin, anwụghị nwa ọhụrụ; anọ ndị ọzọ, Everett, Gertrude, Kenneth, na Lester, mere.[2]
Isi ihe na-adọpụ uche Martha n'oge a bụ olili ozu; ọ naghị ahapụ nleta olili ofu ọ bụla e mere na ma ọ bụ nso Hardscrabble, ma ọ maara onye nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Mgbe a jụrụ ya ajụjụ, o kwuru na olili ozu na-amasị ya.[2] Albert Wise nwụrụ na mberede na 1922, na-ahapụ nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ dị afọ 40 nwere ụmụ anọ. Omume ya dị iche iche na mmasị ya na olili ozu ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ọ bụghị naanị na ọ malitere ịga olili ofu, kamakwa ọ malitere ịkwa ákwá n'ihu ọha ma na-akwa ákwá n"ihu ha, n'agbanyeghị onye nwụrụ.[2][4]
Ọnwụ
dezieN'ime otu afọ Albert nwụsịrị, Martha chọtara mkpakọrịta nwoke ọhụrụ n'ụdị Walter Johns, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo n'ihe onwunwe dị n'akụkụ ugbo ya. Ndị ezinụlọ Hasel kpasuru mmekọrịta ahụ iwe, ma nne ya [1] na nwanne nne ya, Lily Gienke, [2] ezoghị ezo na ọchịchọ ha nwere maka Martha ịkwụsị mmekọrịta ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke 1924, Martha kwetara na mmekọrịta ahụ kwụsịrị.[1] Johns kwagara Cleveland na di na nwunye ahụ enweghịzi mmekọrịta.[4]
N'uhuruchi Ekele, 1924, ọtụtụ ndị ezinụlọ, gụnyere nne Martha, Sophie, dara ọrịa siri ike nke afọ. Ndị ọzọ gbakere n'oge na-adịghị anya, mana ọrịa Sophie kara njọ, ọ nwụkwara na Disemba 13, 1924. [2] Afọ Ọhụrụ wetara ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Lily Gienke, di ya Fred, na ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ ha niile malitere inwe mgbu afọ yiri nke Sophie nwere tupu ọnwụ ya. Ọtụtụ ndị ezinụlọ nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, Lily na Fred anwụọla na Febụwarị 1925. [2] N'ozuzu, ndị ikwu iri na asaa dara ọrịa na mgbaàmà yiri nke ahụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oge oyi nke 1924/1925. [5] Anọ n'ime ụmụaka Gienke ahụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ site na ọrịa ahụ dị omimi.[6]
Nnyocha
dezieMgbe ndị Gienkes nwụsịrị, ndị ọchịchị malitere inyocha ụyọkọ ọnwụ.[Ihe odide 1] Onye uwe ojii ógbè, Fred Roshon, chọpụtara n'oge na-adịghị anya na Martha bịanyere aka n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ dị n'ógbè ahụ maka ịzụrụ ọtụtụ arsenic buru ibu. Nnyocha e mere na Lily gosiri na arsenic dị n'ime eriri afọ ya. Sheriff wetara maka ajụjụ, Martha na mbụ kwuru na ya nwetara arsenic iji gbuo oke, mana n'ikpeazụ kwuputara na ya ji ya mebie ndị ezinaụlọ ya site n'itinye ya na bọket mmiri na ite kọfị ezinụlọ ahụ ṅụụrụ.[2]
Ikpe
dezieN'agbanyeghị nkwupụta ya, Martha rịọrọ ka ikpe ghara ịnata ebubo igbu Lily n'ihu nnukwu ndị ọka ikpe na Machị 23, 1925. [7] Ọ gwara ndị ọka ikpe ukwu na ọ na-adọrọ mmasị ya ịga ememe olili ozu, nakwa na mgbe ememe olii ezughi oke na obodo ahụ, a kpaliri ya ịmepụta ha site na igbu ọchụ. E boro Martha ebubo igbu ọchụ na Eprel 7, 1925.
Ikpe Martha maka igbu ọchụ malitere na Mee 4, 1925. [2] Joseph Pritchard nọchitere anya ya ma Joseph Seymour kpụpụ ya.[3] Nkwupụta ndị na-agbachitere ya gụnyere na Wise bụ onye isi mgbaka [8] nakwa na onye bụbu onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, Walter Johns, nyere ya iwu igbu ọchụ ahụ. [9] Ọtụtụ ihe ndọghachi azụ gbachitere mgbachitere ahụ, gụnyere ogbugbu nke nwunye nwanne Martha, Edith Hasel, na May 6, na ọdịda nke sochiri di ya Fred Hasel, ndị ha abụọ edoziworo ịgba akaebe maka mgbachite anya; nkwughachi nke akaebe nke otu nwoke aha ya bụ Frank Metzger, onye gwara ndị gbara akwụkwọ na ajụjụ ọnụ na ndị na-agbachitere gwara ya ka ọ gbaa onwe ya ụgha iji kwado ebubo na Martha dị ara; na nhọrọ ya iguzo n'ihi onwe ya.[1] Ndị ezi na ụlọ gụnyere nwa nwoke Martha, Lester, na atọ n'ime ụmụ Gienkes gbara ama megide ya.[2]
Mgbe otu awa nke ndị juri gachara, a mara Martha ikpe igbu ọchụ nke mbụ.[1] Ndị juri ahụ gbara ume ka o meere ebere n'ikpe, onye ọka ikpe mara Martha mkpọrọ ndụ, n'okpuru usoro nke enwere ike ịtọhapụ ya naanị site na mgbaghara ndị isi.[4]
Ndụ e mesịrị
dezieN’afọ 1962, n’ihi àgwà ọma Martha nọ n’ụlọ mkpọrọ, Gọvanọ Michael DiSalle wepụrụ ikpe a mara ya gaa n’igbu mmadụ nke abụọ, a gbakwara ya ikpe mgbe ọ dị afọ 79. Ezinụlọ Martha fọdụrụnụ jụrụ ịkpọbata ya, na ọtụtụ ụlọ ezumike maka ndị agadi. n'otu aka ahụ jụkwara ebe obibi ya; n’ime ụbọchị atọ Mata laghachiri n’ụlọ mkpọrọ, n’enweghị ebe ọzọ ọ ga-aga. A kagbuola nkwuwa okwu ya na ngbanwe nke ikpe ya.[1] Martha nwụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na June 28, 1971.
Na mgbasa ozi
dezieE gosipụtara Martha Wise na usoro isiokwu Toledo News-Bee nke 1930 na-akọwa "[ndị inyom] na-akwụ ụgwọ maka nzuzu, ụmụ nwanyị na-agba chaa chaa megide ọha mmadụ ma tụfuo".[w][4] Otu mbipụta nke 1962 nke St. Joseph Gazette kpọrọ ikpe ahụ "otu n'ime mpụ ndị a kpọsara n'oge ahụ na Ohio", a na-akpọkwa ya "nwunye di ya nwụrụ nke Hardscrabble" [1] na "onye ọjọọ na-egbu egbu. [2][8][3] E kpuchiri ikpe Wise na ihe omume 2008 nke usoro Investigation Discovery Deadly Women .
Hụkwa
dezie- Ndepụta nke ndị na-egbu ọtụtụ mmadụ na United States
- Ndepụta nke ndị na-egbu ọtụtụ mmadụ na aha njirimara "Borgia"
Ihe edeturu
dezieEdensibia
dezie.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Unwanted Woman Back to Jail Where She Has Spent 37 years", St. Joseph Gazette, February 3, 1962, p. 11. Retrieved on May 8, 2012."Unwanted Woman Back to Jail Where She Has Spent 37 years". St. Joseph Gazette. UPI. February 3, 1962. p. 11. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "StJo" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "The Poison Widow of Hardscrabble", New York Daily News, October 7, 2007. Retrieved on May 8, 2012."The Poison Widow of Hardscrabble". New York Daily News. October 7, 2007. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NYDNews" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Curse of Fate Follows Poison Fiend to Court", The Evening Independent, May 9, 1925, p. 19. Retrieved on May 8, 2012."Curse of Fate Follows Poison Fiend to Court". The Evening Independent. United News. May 9, 1925. p. 19. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "CurseofFate" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Morrow, Walter (November 19, 1930). Weeping Martha Wise Sobs Over her Three Murders. The Toledo News-Bee. Retrieved on May 8, 2012.Morrow, Walter (November 19, 1930). "Weeping Martha Wise Sobs Over her Three Murders". The Toledo News-Bee. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "SobStory" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Trial Waits while Victim is Buried", The Border Cities Star, May 9, 1925, p. 16. Retrieved on May 8, 2012.
- ↑ Arsenic for all who insulted her looks; THE BORGIA OF AMERICA. Daily Mirror (March 17, 2012). Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved on May 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Pleads Not Guilty to Poisoning 17", The Border Cities Star, March 23, 1925, p. 10. Retrieved on May 8, 2012.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "To Prove Insanity State will Call Mrs. Wise for Own Evidence", The Border Cities Star, May 7, 1925, p. 16. Retrieved on May 8, 2012."To Prove Insanity State will Call Mrs. Wise for Own Evidence". The Border Cities Star. Medina, Ohio. May 7, 1925. p. 16. Retrieved May 8, 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "BorderCities3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "May Try Another for Poison Plot", The Evening Independent, May 15, 1925. Retrieved on May 8, 2012.