Madonna (Nri)
Madonna bụ aha mbụ e nyere ọtụtụ nri nke ihe eri nke onye na-ese ihe ngosi Norwegian Edvard Munch na-egosi njirimara nke nwera ogologo oge nke emere n'etiti 1892 na 1895 na-eji agba na akwaaji. O mekwara ụdị n'ụdị .
Ezuru ụdị nke Munch Museum nke Oslo na 2004, mana ewe apụta abụọ ka e ịhụnanya na 2006 Ụdị. abụọ ọzọ bụ nke National Gallery nke Norway na Kunsthalle Hamburg nwere. Nke ọzọ bụ nke onye ọchụnta ego bụ Nelson Blitz, nke Steven A. Cohen ọrịa na 1999.
A na-amata akara lithographic nke ihe ndị na-adịghị site na oke egwu mma na-egosi spam na-agbagharị agbagharị, nwere ihe oyiyi nwa ebu n'afọ n'ụdị aka ekpe ya. Ụdị usoro nke 1893 nwere etiti nwere ihe omume mma yiri nke ahụ, mana e mechara wepụrụ ya wee tufuo ya. [1] Mbipụta ahụ ụdị n'ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche.
Aha
dezieỌ bụ ebe na ọ bụ ihe ụzọ iche, ihe osise a nwere ike ịbụ nke Virgin Mary . A na-arụrịta ụka ma ọ bụ ihe ọrụ a ka e bu n'obi ka ihe akụkụ nke Meri. Munch ji ihe otu aha, ịkpọ ma ahapụ n'anya na Madonna . [1] A maghị Munch maka ihe ndị toos, a maghịkwa ya dị ka Onye nleba. agbara ya na Meri ekiri ike ịbụ n'ebumnobi n'agbanyeghị, dị ka ihe na-ekwusi ike na ịma mma na izu okè nke enyi ya bụ Dagny Juel-Przybyszewska, ihe maka ọrụ ahụ, na ókè nke ofufe ya dị ka ihe ihe. dị mma nke.
Nkọwa
dezieWerner Hofmann na-atụ aro na ihe osise a bụ "eserese dị na-eto mmetụta arụ. Okpukpe nke siri ike nke na-eme ka nwoke na-edo onwe ya n'okpuru na-enye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ekere oke. oke, ma ọ na-emekwa ya nri nri." [1] Sigrun Rafter, onye na-akọ ihe mere eme nka na Oslo National Gallery, na-atụ aro na Munch bu n'obi LEDchite anya ahụ n'ime mmekọ nke ndụ, na-ekiri nsso na anụ ahụ nke njikọ. Munch weghaara. E jiriwo halo na-acha uhie uhie anya halo ola edo nke Mary na-emebu nke na- echeta na ihe mgbu. Echiche onye na-ekiri ya bụ nke nwoke naahụ ya n'anya. Ọbụlagodi na ọnọdụ a na-ahụ ahụkebe, ọ na-ama ụfọdụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke ihe nke Virgin: o nwere ike na ekiri obi dị ike ya. Anya ya na-emechi emechi, na- nyere obi ike, mana ọ na-enwu n'otu oge site n'elu; ahụ ya ka a na-ahụ, n'ezie, na-agbagọgọ n'ìhè ahụ ka ọ ghara ijide ya, mgbe ọ na-eche ya ihu. Ihe ndị a na-atụ aro nke ihe ime nke ọkwa ọkwa . Robert Melville na-ekwu na ihe oyiyi a na-egosi "ụtọ na ihe mgbu na omume omume". N'ikwu okwu n'ụdị lithograph, ọ na-ekwu na "oke a na-achọ mma bụ nke sperms na-eso ogologo filaments dị ogologo nke na-adaba n'ụdị atọ nke ihe oyiyi ahụ wee-achọ na nwa ebu n' afọ." [2] Carol Duncan, onye nkatọ nọ n'iche nwepụtara elele ahụ dị ka echere . Ụbọchị na-akọwapụta "dichotomy" dị n'etiti onyinyo na-akpasu iwe nke nne dị egwu na nke nwanyị nwere onwe ya na inwe afọ ojuju.
Ihe osise
dezieNdị ọkà mmụta sayensị Britain na Norwegian nyochara eserese ahụ na Munch Museum Oslo. [1] Ha nwere ike ịchọpụta pigmenti ndị a: chrome yellow, Prussian blue, odo ocher, unyi ojii, artificial ultramarine na vermilion . [2]
Mmepe
dezieỤdị dị na National Museum of Norway nwere ahịrị ụfọdụ nke na-atụ aro na e nwere ihe a na-ese n'okpuru ala. Enwere eserese na-egosi Munch na-anwale ihe ngosi. Conservator Thierry Ford na onye na-ese foto Børre Høstland nọ na ebe ngosi nka jiri ihe nlegharị anya infrared gosi ọkwa dị n'okpuru elu eserese ahụ. Ihe ngosi a na-eme n'okpuru na-egosi na Munch na mbụ nwere ogwe aka isiokwu ahụ kwụgidere dị ka ọ na-ese foto. Ọnụnọ nke ihe nlegharị anya na-egosi na ihe osise National Museum bụ nke mbụ. Ihe osise a emeela nyocha na nchekwa n'ihu ngosi ya na Munch Room nke ụlọ ọhụrụ NM, mepere na Oslo na June 2022. [3]
Izu ohi
dezieNa Machị 29, 1990, e zuru ụdị nke Madonna na ihe osise atọ ndị ọzọ na Gallery Kunsthuset AS na Oslo. Na June 22, 1990, ndị uwe ojii chọtara ihe osise atọ n'ime ụlọ nkeonwe na Drammen, Norway. Achọpụtara nke anọ n'ụbọchị gara aga n'ụlọ mmadụ dị na Sande dị nso. [4] N'oge ikpe ụlọikpe, a na-enyo Ole Christian Bach ebubo na ọ haziri ma izu ohi na njikwa. Na Septemba 1992, a mara Bach mkpọrọ maka ọnwa asaa maka ijikwa ngwongwo zuru ezu . [5]
Na Sọnde, 22 Ọgọst 2004, ndị ikom nwere mkpuchi na-eji ngwa agha zuru ohi ụdị nke Munch Museum nke Madonna na The Scream . Ndị ohi na-amanye ndị na-eche ihe ngosi nka ka ha dinara ala n'ala mgbe ha na-ejide eriri ahụ na-echekwa eserese na mgbidi wee gbanarị n'ụgbọ ojii Audi A6 ojii, nke ndị uwe ojii mechara hụ na a gbahapụrụ ya.
Ndị uwe ojii Oslo nwetara eserese abụọ ahụ na 31 Ọgọst 2006. N'echi ya Ingebjørg Ydstie, onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Munch, kwuru na ọnọdụ eserese ahụ dị mma karịa ka a tụrụ anya na mmebi ahụ, gụnyere 2.5. cm oghere na Madonna, enwere ike ịrụzi ya. [6]
Ịma ama
dezieN'afọ 2010, a na-ere ụdị ejiji na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ maka £ 1.25 nde site na Bonhams, London, na-aghọ mbipụta kachasị ọnụ ahịa na Britain. [7]
Na 15 February 2013, Posten Norge bipụtara stampụ akwụkwọ ozi anọ nke Norwegian, na-emepụtagharị ihe oyiyi sitere na nkà Munch iji mata ncheta afọ 150 nke ọmụmụ ya. A na-eji ihe dị nso nke isi Madonna site na otu nsụgharị lithographic maka ịmepụta stampụ 17 Norwegian krone. [8]
Hụkwa
dezie- Ndepụta eserese nke Edvard Munch
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ Brian Singer, Trond Aslaksby, Biljana Topalova-Casadiego and Eva Storevik Tveit, "Investigation of Materials Used by Edvard Munch", Studies in Conservation 55, 2010, pp. 274–292.
- ↑ Edvard Munch, Madonna, Munch Museum Oslo, at ColourLex
- ↑ Alberge. "Strike a pose: infrared scans reveal the method in Munch's Madonna", The Observer, 3 October 2021.
- ↑ "Espen Lie med "sannheten" om Bach og Madonna" NTB 13.05.1992
- ↑ "Bach dømt til sju måneders fengsel for heleri", NTBtekst 11.09.1992
- ↑ "Munch paintings 'can be repaired'", BBC News, September 1, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-09-01.
- ↑ "Edvard Munch Madonna print sells for record £1.25m: Artwork doubles estimate to become the most expensive print sold in the UK", The Guardian, Tuesday 13 July 2010.
- ↑ Munch’s “The Scream” on a Postage Stamp
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- Madonna na mkpokọta MoMA Online
- Mahadum California State
- Edvard Munch, Madonna, Munch Museum Oslo, na ColourLex