Littleton v. Prange
Littleton v. Prange, 9 S.W.3d 223 (1999), bụ ikpe 1999 nke mebiri alụmdi na nwunye ebe otu n'ime ndị ahụ bụ nwanyị transgender, Christie Lee Littleton. Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Anọ nke Texas kpebiri na, maka ebumnuche nke iwu Texas, Littleton bụ nwoke, nakwa na alụmdi na nwunye ya na nwoke adịghị irè. Iwu Texas ekwenyeghị n'Alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị n'oge mkpebi ahụ.[1][2]
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
dezieE kenyere Christie Lee Cavazos nwoke mgbe a mụrụ ya, na San Antonio, Texas na 1952. Ọ kwụsịrị akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 15 wee malite ibi ndụ dị ka nwanyị. Na 1977, Cavazos malitere ịṅụ homonụ nwanyị wee gbanwee aha mbụ ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. N'afọ 1980, e kenyere ya ọrụ ịwa ahụ ma mee ka a gbanwee njirimara steeti chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị.[1] Na 1989 Cavazos lụrụ Jonathan Mark Littleton na Kentucky, mechara kwaga San Antonio..
Ikpe
dezieMgbe Jonathan Littleton nwụsịrị, Christie Littleton kpere ikpe megide dọkịta di ya, Mark Prange.[3] Onye ọka iwu na-agbachitere ya kwuru na alụmdi na nwunye ahụ adịghị mma n'ihi na Christie bụ nwoke. Mgbe a rịọrọ arịrịọ, Chief Justice Phil Hardberger dabere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na "iwu Texas anaghị ekwe ka alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị" nakwa na "chromosomes nwoke anaghị agbanwe ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ homonụ ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ mgbanwe mmekọahụ" n'inye mkpebi ya na "Christie Littleton bụ nwoke. Dị ka nwoke, Christie enweghị ike ịlụ nwoke ọzọ. Alụmdi na nwunye ya na Jonathan adịghị irè, ọ pụghịkwa iweta ihe kpatara ya dị ndụ" [4]
Mkpebi ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe iwu kwadoro maka nwanyị cis ịlụ nwanyị trans bụ onye a na-arụ ọrụ ịwa ahụ ma gbanwee gaa na nwanyị ma ọ bụrụhaala na e kenyere ndị mmekọ abụọ ahụ na-abụghị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị mgbe a mụrụ ya.
N'akụkọ ifo
dezieAkpọrọ Littleton v. Prange n'ime akụkọ ifo 2010 Drop Dead Diva "Queen of Mean". N'ime ihe omume ahụ, ndị ọka iwu maka nwanyị trans na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-akọwa ikpe ahụ iji gosi na alụmdi na nwunye ya na nwanyị cis, banyere tupu ọ gbanwee, dị irè, na-enye ya ohere iketa ala nwunye ya nwụrụ anwụ.
Hụkwa
dezie- Ikike LGBT na Texas
- Alụmdi na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na Texas
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ Engel (2009-04-24). Fault Lines: Tort Law as Cultural Practice. Stanford University Press, 149–. ISBN 9780804771207. Retrieved on November 17, 2012.
- ↑ Littleton v. Prange, No. 99-1214 (Tex. May 18, 2000)
- ↑ Dahir, Mubarak (October 10, 2000). Genetics vs. love. The Advocate
- ↑ Littleton v. Prange, 9 SW3d 223. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved on October 30, 2010.
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- Echiche nke Chief Justice Phil Hardberger, Concurring Echiche nke Justice Karen Angelini, Dissenting Echiche nke Judge Alma López na Texas Fourth Court of Appeals website
- Echiche ụlọ ikpe na Google Scholar
- Akụkọ Christie Lee Littleton, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onwe onye