Leonora Barry

Leonora M. Kearney Barry (13 Ọgọst 1849 – 18 Julaị 1923) mụrụ na County Cork, Ireland, nye John na Honor Granger Kearney. Dị ka nanị nwanyị jide n'ọkwa mba n'ime ndị Knights of Labour, o wetara nlebara anya na ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ site na ntinye aka ya na mmegharị mgbanwe ọrụ. Ọ kwalitekwara ọganihu nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ime oge na-esote agha obodo America na mwughachi.[1]

Faịlụ:Barry-Leonora-M-1890.pdf

Leonora Barry ka ọ pụtara na 1890.

Oge ọ malitere

Nna Leonora, John Kearney, bụ onye ọrụ ugbo Irish nke kwagara ezinụlọ ya n'ime ime obodo nke Pierrepont, New York, na 1852 iji gbanahụ Nnukwu Ụnwụ.

N'afọ 1864, nne Leonora nwụrụ. Mgbe nna ya lụrụ nwanyị tọrọ ya afọ ise ọzọ, Leonora kpebiri ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ụlọ ahụ iji gbanahụ esemokwu dị n'etiti ya na nwunye ọhụrụ nna ya, o butere ụzọ ịkpọtụrụ onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị dị nso na Colton, New York, onye ọ natara ntụziaka onwe onye ruo izu isii. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, Leonora natara asambodo onye nkuzi ya ma, n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, kụzie n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ.

Alụmdi na nwunye na ọrụ

Leonora lụrụ William E. Barry, onye Ireland nke kwagara Canada wee gaa New York, na 30 Nọvemba 1871. Onye na-ese ihe na onye na-eti egwu, ya na nwunye ya kwagara Potsdam, New York, ebe di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ nwa mbụ ha, Marion Frances, na 1873. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nkuzi dị ụkọ mgbe Agha Obodo gasịrị, mgbe ọ lụsịrị William Barry, ọ zutere ịkpa ókè n'ebe ọrụ ya: iwu steeti chọrọ ka ọ hapụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi n'ihi na ọ bụ nwanyị lụrụ di ugbu a. Nke a manyere ya ịmalite ọrụ aka. Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara ugboro ugboro, gụnyere Haydensville, Massachusetts na Amsterdam New York, ọ mụkwara ụmụ nwoke abụọ, William Standish na 1875 na Charles Joseph na 1880.Mgbe di ya nwụrụ n'ọrịa akpa ume, nwa ya nwanyị n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Barry malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa akwa ma ọ chọtara ọrụ ahụ tirin. Mgbe ahụ, ọ nwetara ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta uwe n'Amsterdam ebe ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya chere ọnọdụ siri ike, ogologo awa, na ụgwọ dị ala ihu. Ọ na-ahụkarị onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ ihe karịrị awa 70 n'izu, na ụgwọ dabere na mmepụta, ọ na-eme naanị cents iri na otu n'ụbọchị mbụ ya na naanị cents 65 n'izu mbụ ya.

Knights of Labor na ọrụ

Dịka ụzọ isi mee ihe megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị chere ihu na ndị ọrụ, Barry sonyeere ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị mpaghara nke Knights of Labour na 1885, [1] oge ndị otu otu mba ahụ ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ ya kacha elu.Knights of Labor na mbụ jere ozi dị ka nzukọ nzuzo maka ndị ọrụ uwe Philadelphia mana a gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ njikọ nwere ebumnuche nke ịkwalite mgbanwe ọrụ site na ọnọdụ otu. Barry, onye a manyere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi mkpa akụ na ụba, nọchitere anya ezigbo nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ nke nzukọ ahụ.

Alaka Barry nke Knights nwere ihe dị ka ndị otu 1,500 n'oge a. Ọ bilitere n'ime nzukọ ahụ ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ onye isi ọrụ, ma ọ bụ onye isi oche, nke alaka ya. N'afọ 1885 ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke District Assembly 65, nke gụnyere alaka iri ise na abụọ na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ itoolu. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara mgbakọ distrikti na Albany ma jee ozi dị ka otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya distrikti ise na General Assembly of the Knights of Labor na Richmond, Virginia Site na nkwado nke onye ndú mba Knights of Labour, Terence V. Powderly, ndị nnọchite anya mgbakọ a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ụmụ nwanyị e guzobere na nso a. (Nzukọ Ezumezu ahụ mepụtara kọmitii iji chịkọta ozi gbasara ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ọrụ, nchọpụta ahụ dugara n'ịmepụta Ngalaba Ọrụ Ụmụ nwanyị nke onye nyocha n'ozuzu ga-eduzi.Ọrụ ya bụ "ịchọpụta ọnọdụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, wuo nzukọ ọhụrụ, ịkpali ụkpụrụ KOL nke ịkwụ ụgwọ nhata maka ọrụ nhata, na itinye ụmụ nwanyị na Knights". Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ a kwụrụ ụgwọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nyocha ọrụ na onye nhazi, kamakwa "naanị nwanyị nwere ọfịs mba n'usoro".

Barry banyere na esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Knights, wee bụrụ onye na-emegide odeakwụkwọ ukwu John Hayes. N'afọ 1888, Hayes weghaara Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị ma kpagbuo Barry, nke mere ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm n'afọ 1890.

Ihe nketa na ndụ ya

Ma mgbalị ya na-aga nke ọma ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ọ hapụrụ ihe nketa na-adịgide adịgide maka òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị. Barry nọgidere na-aga n'ihu n'etiti ihe ndọghachi azụ, ọ chọkwara ịchụ onwe ya n'àjà maka ihe ọ kwenyere na ya. N'ezie, "mgbasa ahụ chọrọ nhọrọ siri ike n'etiti nchegbu ụmụ nwanyị ọdịnala na ọrụ dị mkpa na ndụ ọha na eze". N'iburu ebumnuche ya n'uche ịtọhapụ "site na nghọta na-enweghị obi amamikpe nke ọchịchị aka ike na anyaukwu ọtụtụ puku ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ a na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala n'obodo anyị buru ibu, ndị, na-ata ahụhụ agụụ, oyi na ụkọ, na-ahapụkarị ma daba n'ime oghere nke omume rụrụ arụ," otu nwere ike ịghọta mkpali na agụụ mmekọahụ nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye.

Mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na KOL, o yiri ka ọ laghachiri azụ n'ọrụ ya niile site n'ikwu, "Ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, ọ dị m ka ọ dị mkpa ka ụmụ nwanyị mụta ọrụ ọ bụla kama nke ọrụ ụlọ, dịka ekwere m na e bu n'uche ka nwoke bụrụ onye na-enweta achịcha". Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta dị otú ahụ yiri ka ọ na-emegide ihe niile ọ na-eme, ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ka nkwupụta ya ruo eruo site na ịgbakwunye, "Ma dịka nke ahụ agaghị ekwe omume n'ọnọdụ dị ugbu a, ekwenyere m na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị inwe ohere ọ bụla iji bụrụ ndị maara nke ọma n'ọrụ ọ bụla ha họọrọ ma ọ bụ hụ onwe ha kacha adaba. " Lake, onye na-ebi akwụkwọ a zụrụ azụ na onye na-enyocha ihe na telegraph editọ nke St. Louis Globe-Democrat, biri na St. Louis.[1].

Barry gara n'ihu na-eme njem ma na-ekwu maka òtù ụmụ nwanyị na òtù nnwere onwe, n'etiti òtù mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na St. Louis. Ọ nọgidere na-achọ ịha nhata ọrụ maka ụmụ nwanyị mana n'ụzọ a na-ahazighị nke ọma. Barry jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu n'ihu ọha n'ihe gbasara mgbanwe, dịka okwu ya nke 1893 gosipụtara n'ihu World's Representative Congress of Women na ngosi Columbian na Chicago na "The Dignity of Labor". .Barry ejighị akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ akwadoro eme ihe.)[1] O gosikwara na ọ dị mkpa maka mkpọsa na-aga nke ọma maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị na Colorado.[1]

. Onye na-akwado baseball, Barry na-agakarị Chicago iji nwee egwuregwu. Ka oge na-aga na ndụ a maara dị ka Mother Lake, Barry nwụrụ na 18 Julaị 1923, n'ihi ọrịa kansa ọnụ.Na 1916 ọ kwagara Minooka, Illinois, wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Women's Christian Temperance Union na Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America ebe ọ na-etinyekwa uche dị ukwuu n'ịwulite nkwado ọha na eze maka mmachibido iwu na, mgbe e mesịrị, Volstead Act.

Ihe edeturu

Ihe odide

• Anonymous (1971). "Barry, Leonora Marie Kearney", Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. 
• Anonymous (1990). "Barry, Leonora Kearney", Dictionary of American Immigration History. Scarecrow Press. 
• Anonymous (2002). "Barry, Leonora M.", Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopaedia. Yorkin Publications, 186–187. 
• Arnesen (2007). Encyclopedia of US Labor and Working-Class History. New York, NY: Routledge. 
• Garraty (1999). American National Biography. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 
• Kenneally, James J., "Eve, Mary and the historians: American Catholicism and women." "Horizons" 3, no 2 Fall 1976, p 187-202.
• Levine (1983). "Labor's true woman: domesticity and equal rights in the Knights of Labor". The Journal of American History 70 (2): 323–339. DOI:10.2307/1900207. 
• Opdycke (2000). "Barry, Leonora", American National Biography Online. Templeeti:Dead link
• (1974) in Van Doren: Webster's American Biographies. G. & C. Merriam. 
• Weir, Robert E. The Nights Unhorsed: Internal Conflict in a Gilded Age Social Movement (2000) pp 141–60.
• (1985) in Whitman: American Reformers. New York, NY: H. W. Wilson.