Kare language (Adamawa)

Kare
Kare
nzáà kã́rĩ́
Native to	Central African Republic, Cameroon
Native speakers	(97,000 cited 1996–2000); ; 62,000 Kare, 35,000 Tale in CAR (1996)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Mbum–Day Mbum Central Mbum Karang Kare; ; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Kare (Kari, Kali); ? Tale;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kbn
Glottolog	kare1338

Kare ; nzáà kã́rĩ́
Spoken in:	Central African Republic, Cameroon
Total speakers:	Templeeti:Sigfig
Language family:	Nnijer–Kongo; Atlantic–Congo; Mbum–Day; Mbum; Central Mbum; Karang; Kare
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	kbn
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Kare (Kãrɛ̃, Kareng; autonym nzáà kã́rĩ́, where nzáà = "mouth") bụ asụsụ ndịda Mbum nke Central African Republic, nke ndị Kare na-asụ n'ugwu ugwu Ouham-Pendé prefecture gburugburu Bocaranga . Ihe dị ka mmadụ 97,000 nọ ná mba ahụ na-asụ ya, na puku ndị ọzọ na-asụkwa ya na Cameroon . A na-eche na ọnụnọ asụsụ ahụ dị na nsọtụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ezinụlọ Mbum na-egosipụta mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19 site na Plateau Adamawa, na-agbanarị mwakpo ndị Fulani. ^[4]

Ethnologue 17 na-akọwa na Kare nwere nghọta na Mbum kwesịrị ekwesị. Agbanyeghị, asụsụ ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na nke ọ bụla anaghị akọpụta na ha nwere nghọta. Ethnologue depụtara Tale (Tali) dị ka olumba, mana Blench (2004) na-ahapụ ya enweghị nkewa n'ime asụsụ Mbum. Ethnologue depụtakwara Kali dị ka otu okwu; Blench depụtara asụsụ Kali na ngalaba dị iche iche nke asụsụ Mbum.

fonology

Kare nwere consonantal fonim ndia:

Fonim Consonant
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Alveolar		Velar		Labio-<br id="mwNQ"><br>velar		Glottal
Implosive		ɓ				ɗ
Stop	p	b			t	d	k	ɡ	kp	ɡb
Prenasalized stop		ᵐb				ⁿd		ᵑg		ᵑɡb
Fricative			f	v	s	z					h
Prenasalized fricative						ⁿz
Approximant						l		j		w
Flap				ⱱ		r

O nwere fonim udaume ndia:

	Oral vowels		Nasal vowels
	Front	Back	Front	Back
Close	i	u	ĩ	ũ
Close-mid	e	o
Open-mid	ɛ	ɔ	ɛ̃	ɔ̃
Open	a		ã

Enwere ọdịiche nke Uda elu di n'etiti ụda dị elu na nke dị ala (dịka imaatu sá "kwuru" vs. sà "achị ọchị"), na ụda ụda dị n'etiti nke a na-ejighị n'aka. Naanị okwu monosyllabic nwere ike inwe ụda na-arị elu ma ọ bụ na-ada.^[5]

Asụsụ

Usoro okwu bụ isi nke Kare bụ isiokwu-okwu-ihe, imaatu kɛ́ húrù (3SG na-eri manioc) "ọ riri manioc".^[6]

A na-edozi negation site na iji okwu ikpeazụ nke ahịrịokwu yá "ọ bụghị"; mgbe a na-agbagha ya, a na-eji tí dochie anya copula yè "bụ (n'ebe) " na copula ɓá "bụ (nke ya na) ".^[7]

A na-emepụta aha okwu site n'ibuli ụda nke ikpeazụ ma tinye nsonaazụ -Cà, ebe C = l ma ọ bụ r mgbe ụdaume ọnụ gasịrị, n mgbe ụdaume imi gasịrị, burukwa ihe efu mgbe ụdaume gasịrị: fà "deny" > fárà "denial", sɛ̀l "untie" > sɛ́là "untie".^[8]

Aha nnọchiaha

Kare enweghị okike ụtọ asụsụ. Ndị nnọchiaha ya bụ ndị a:^[9]

	N'efu	Isiokwu	Ihe
M	Mmanụ ala	Akụkọ ifo	m
ị na-eme ihe.	Ọ na-eme ihe nkiri	Ọkụ ọkụ	Ọkụ ọkụ
ya/ya/ya	M̀ɛ́́ / kɛ́́́́	Akpụkpọ ahụ	Nri / Nri
anyị	maá	ná	ná
ị pl.	Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe ike	yì	Ọ bụ na ọ bụ na ọ na-eme
ha	Kyesịa	Nke a	Kyesịa

Enwere ike ịgbakwunye hánà "onye ọ bụla ọzọ, onye ọzọ".

Akụkụ aha

E nwere klas mechiri emechi nke udi okwu na anaghi agbanwe agbanwe (dịka fé "ọhụrụ", sɛ́nń "ọbara"), nke na-ebute aha ahụ ụzọ ma ọ pụkwara ịgbaso ya iji gosipụta àgwà na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụ enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka aha n'onwe ha.^[10] Ndị na-ekpebi (hánà "onye ọzọ", kɛ́ "nke a", ố́́í "nke a, snoẁɔ́ "nke ahụ", nɛ̄ "nke ahụ") na-eso aha , ma na-esote akara dị n'ọtụtụ rì: nzù kɛ́ rí pí (onye DEF PL kwa) "ndị mmadụ".^[11] Onuogugu na ọnụọgụ na-abịa na njedebe, na-agbaso akara (nhọrọ) ọtụtụ: nzù ndíɓí "ndị ise" (onye ise), nzù rì sérè "ndị abụọ" (onye PL abụọ).^[12] A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kpọmkwem site na juxtaposition, eg sã̀ũ̀ lìà (akụkọ mgbọrọgwụ) "ihe ndabere nke akụkọ ahụ"; mkpụrụ ndụ ihe Nketa nyocha na-eji ihe ʔà, eg vùn ʔà bá (ụlọ GEN nna) "ụlọ nna".^[13]^[14] A na-emepụta ahịrịokwu ndị metụtara ya na ngosipụta na-esote (ọ bụghị mgbe niile ozugbo) site na akara nke onye ikwu ɗá, eg nzù ố́í ɗá rí mí léóɗá (onye a REL na-ezu m ụnyaahụ) "onye zuru m ụnyahụ".

Okwu mbido

Adpositions niile nke di na Kare na-ebute mgbakwunye ha. E nwere anọ isi (dị ọcha) prepositions: kà "with (instrumental)", té "with (comitative)", ʔá "in", báŋ "like", eg kɛ́ ɡí té bá nɛ̄ (3SG na-abịa na nna 3SG.^[15]POSS) "ya na nna ya bịara". N'akụkụ ndị a, e nwere ọtụtụ postpositions nke abụọ nke doro anya sitere na aha (nke na-abụkarị akụkụ ahụ), eg tûl "isi" > túl "n'elu".^[16]

Akwụkwọ

François Lim, Nkọwa asụsụ nke Kare (phonologie-syntaxe), Mahadum Sorbonne Nouvelle. Paris, 1997, 368 peeji. (thesis).

Ihe odide

↑ Lim 1997:10
↑ Lim 1997:10
↑ Kare at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Lim 1997:3-4
↑ Lim 1997:73-80
↑ Lim 1997:155
↑ Lim 1997:158
↑ Lim 1997:151
↑ Lim 1997:154
↑ Lim 1997:154-155
↑ Lim 1997:166-170
↑ Lim 1997:154-155
↑ Lim 1997:174
↑ Lim 1997:180
↑ Lim 1997:198
↑ Lim 1997:200

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndepụta asụsụ Adamawa (ms)

Templeeti:Adamawa languages Templeeti:Languages of Cameroon

[1] Lim 1997:10

[2] Lim 1997:10

[e18-3] Kare at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[4] Lim 1997:3-4

[5] Lim 1997:73-80

[6] Lim 1997:155

[7] Lim 1997:158

[8] Lim 1997:151

[9] Lim 1997:154

[10] Lim 1997:154-155

[11] Lim 1997:166-170

[12] Lim 1997:154-155

[13] Lim 1997:174

[14] Lim 1997:180

[15] Lim 1997:198

[16] Lim 1997:200

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

Kare
nzáà kã́rĩ́^[2]
Native to	Central African Republic, Cameroon
Native speakers	(97,000 cited 1996–2000)^[3] 62,000 Kare, 35,000 Tale in CAR (1996)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Mbum–Day Mbum Central Mbum Karang Kare
Dialects	Kare (Kari, Kali) ? Tale
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`kbn`
Glottolog	`kare1338`