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Kansụl Ụmụ nwanyị nke Afghanistan

Kansụl Women's Afghan (AWC) bụ ọgbakọ ọrụ ebere na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, nke anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, na nke na-abụghị nke ngalaba hiwere na 1986 na ebumnuche bụ isi nke inye aka nye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka Afghanistan.[1] Ebumnuche nzukọ a bụ inye ụmụ nwanyị ike, kwalite ọnọdụ obibi ndụ ha, na ịkwalite ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ha na akụ na ụba n'etiti ọha mmadụ site na itinye aka na atụmatụ mmepe dị iche iche. Ha na-atụkwa anya ịbawanye mmata banyere ikike mmadụ, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ikike ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ikike ụmụaka, iwu udo na okwu ochichi onye kwuo uche n'ime ọnọdụ Afghanistan.[1] Edebara aha AWC nke ọma na ma Gọọmenti Pakistan na Gọọmenti Afghanistan dị ka ọgbakọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO). [1]

Ịdu

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N'ime ngwụcha afọ 1980, ndị kansụl ahụ bụ Masuma Esmati-Wardak na-edu ya, bụ onye kwusiri ike na ebumnobi bụ isi nke AWC gụnyere ịkwalite mmụọ ụmụ nwanyị, ime ka ha mara ikike ha, na imeziwanye ọnọdụ obibi ụmụ nwanyị na nka ọkachamara. Kemgbe mmalite ya na 1986, AWC na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ iji kwado ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Afghanistan na Peshawar, Pakistan. Ọzọkwa, nzukọ a na-arụ ụlọ ọgwụ na Kabul kemgbe 1992, na-enye ndị obodo ọrụ nlekọta ahụike siri ike. AWC na-ejide ndebanye aha gọọmentị na ndị isi gọọmentị na otu mba ụwa, gụnyere Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Women Affairs, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Office for Partnerships, na World Food Programme, dị ka. NGO nke Afghan. Na mgbakwunye, edebanye aha ya na Ministry of Justice dị ka ọgbakọ mmekọrịta ama ama. [2]

Tinyere Wardak, ndị ọrụ nwanyị asatọ na-achịkwa AWC. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọrụ a bụkwa ndị otu People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Mgbe ọchịchị Kọmunist malitere na 1978, n'okpuru Nur Muhammad Taraki, gọọmentị nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike hà nhata. Nke a nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ime mkpebi gbasara ndụ ha.[2]

Nke a bụ ọchịchị dị ịrịba ama, dịka ikike mmadụ maka ndị niile nọ na Afghanistan, na ọkachasị maka ụmụ nwanyị, nwere ike ijide n'aka site na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.[3]

Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha na-aga n'ihu nke Afghanistan apụtala na a na-anọgide na-ewepụ ụmụ nwanyị na mpaghara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na akụ na ụba nke ndị Afghanistan. A na-anọgide na-ewepụ ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan na usoro mkpebi n'ihi ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta na-aga n'ihu.[4]

Onye isi oche nke AWC ugbu a, Fatana Ishaq Gailani, kwenyere na ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan ataala ahụhụ nke ukwuu n'oge agha a na-aga n'ihu. E gbuola ha, ụmụ ha anwụọla ma nwee ọtụtụ nhụjuanya. Gailani ekwuola na AWC "enyela enyemaka puku ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ na ụmụ mgbei abụọ nọ ná mkpa. " Gailani ekwuputala nkwenye ya na ijikọ Afghanistan dị ka mba iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị dị n'otu ma kweta ikike ha: "Anyị anaghị anabata ugwu na ndịda na Afghanistan. Anyị na-amata naanị otu Afghanistan nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. "[5][6]

Àgwà Banyere Ọrụ Mmekọahụ na Afghanistan

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Mgbe a na-ekwu maka àgwà gbasara ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na Afghanistan, enwere ọdịiche pụtara ìhè n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị. Dịka, ụmụ nwoke na-egosipụta echiche ọdịnala karịa ka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọdịiche a pụtara ìhè n'agbanyeghị ma a na-elekwasị anya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị bụ isi ma ọ bụ ike ọchịchị ha. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na àgwà ndị a adịghị edozi. Ihe ndị dị ka ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ, agbụrụ agbụrụ, na ibi obodo nwere ike imetụta echiche ndị a. Na mgbakwunye, maka ụmụ nwanyị, mgbanwe n'ofe ọgbọ na-ekerekwa òkè n'ịhazi echiche ha na ọrụ okike.[7]

Njem ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan na-aga n'ihu na itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ nke a maara site na ọganihu n'ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[8]

N'ajụjụ ọnụ TOLO News ya na ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ndị Taliban Sayed Zekrullah Hashimi na 2021, o kwuru na "nwaanyị enweghị ike ịbụ onye minista, ọ dị ka ị na-etinye ihe n'olu ya nke ọ na-enweghị ike iburu. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka ụmụ nwanyị nọrọ na kansụl - ha kwesịrị ịmụ nwa. "Mgbe onye gbara ajụjụ ọnụ kwuru na "Ndị inyom bụ ọkara nke ọha mmadụ", Hashimi zara na "Ma anyị anaghị ele ha anya ebe a dị ka ọkara. Ọkara n'onwe ya. Ọkara ka ị kọwaa ya. Ọ bụ ihe ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla ọzọ.[9]

Ọganihu e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Gordon Brown na Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile emeela ka a kpụpụ ndị Taliban maka mpụ megide mmadụ n'ihi "mmegbu a na-eme ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ" na Afghanistan.[10]

Nke a bụ mmepe na-adịbeghị anya nke etinyere n'ọrụ mgbe ndị Taliban weghaara Kabul n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021. Nke a dugara na mmebi nke ikike mmadụ na ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na Afghanistan, n'agbanyeghị nkwa mbụ nke ndị Taliban ịkwanyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nke ụmụ nwanyị ùgwù.[11]Mmegbu a bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu nsogbu nke ikike mmadụ na Afghanistan, ebe ndị Taliban mebiri ikike nke otu dị iche iche, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ngagharị iwe, ụmụ akwụkwọ ụmụ agbọghọ, ndị nkuzi, na ndị na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ nwanyị.[12]

N'ịzaghachi mmebi iwu ndị a, ndị mba ụwa, nke United Nations na-edu, na-elekwasị anya na mmekọrịta ha na ndị Taliban. Roza Otunbayeva, onye isi nke UN Assistance Mission na Afghanistan, na-akwado maka "atụmatụ nkwekọrịta a tụgharịrị atụgharị," na-ekwusi ike na mkparịta ụka na nkwekọrịta dị mkpa maka ịnwa ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ndị a.[13]

Sima Bahous, onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ UN na-ahụ maka ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị, emeela ka nsogbu akụ na ụba, ahụike uche, na mmepe nke sitere na iwu Taliban pụta ìhè. Ọ na-agba ume ka a na-ele ọnọdụ dị na Afghanistan anya site na nsogbu nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị ma na-atụ aro ka Kọmitii Nchebe nke UN na-ahụ maka ntaramahụhụ megide Afghanistan kpọọ nnọkọ iji dozie mmebi iwu ndị a.[13]

Mkpa Agụmakwụkwọ Dị

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N'ime afọ gara aga, UN Women etinyela aka na UNAMA (United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan) na IOM (International Organisation for Migration) iji na-eme mkparịta ụka mgbe niile na ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan bi na mba ahụ. Ebumnobi nke atụmatụ a bụ idobe ụmụ nwanyị n'ihu n'ime mkpebi mba ụwa. N'ime nkeji iri na ise kacha nso nso a, ụmụ nwanyị gwara otu kansụl ọzọ na ihe kacha ha mkpa bụ inweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ. Ihe karịrị anọ n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ agbọghọ ise kwesịrị inwe ohere ịchụso agụmakwụkwọ enweghị ike ime ya ugbu a. Agaghị ekwupụta ihe ga-adịte aka na ọnọdụ a, n'ihi na ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ọ metụtara kamakwa ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ezinụlọ ha na obodo ha nọ.[14]

Ọzọkwa, dị ka National Intelligence Council si kwuo, ihe dị ka nde 3.5 n'ime nde 9 ụmụ amaala Afghanistan debanyere aha ugbu a na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị. Ka o sina dị, ọ bụ nanị pasentị 17 nke ụmụ agbọghọ ime obodo nwere ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, n'adịghị ka ndị ogbo ha n'obodo mepere emepe, ebe pasent 45 na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ihe karịrị pasenti 80 nke ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan ndị gbara afọ 15 na ndị okenye enweghị ikike ọgụgụ isi. Mpaghara agụmakwụkwọ dị na Afghanistan nwetara nnukwu uto na-esote afọ 2001, na-ahụ mmụba karịa okpukpu iri na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, ịrị elu nke enweghị nchebe na-aga n'ihu emewo ka e mechie ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ndị a n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.[15]

Ọrụ mmepe nke AWC

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AWC na-agbasi mbọ ike itinye aka na obodo na mmepe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba site na atụmatụ ndị metụtara ndị ga-erite uru na ime mkpebi, atụmatụ, na mmezu ọrụ. Kọmiti Ndụmọdụ nwere nnọchite anya dị iche iche na-akwado itinye aka a, yana ọrụ mpaghara na-eme ka obodo nwee oke na mmejuputa mmemme.

1. Mmụta

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AWC na-enye nka n'ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere ịgụ akwụkwọ, mgbakọ na mwepụ, ahụike, ịzụ ụmụ, mkpebi esemokwu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, AWC na-ahụ maka mmepe obodo, atụmatụ nlekọta ahụike, mmemme ibi ndụ ọzọ, yana mmepe nke obere ụlọ ọrụ obere na ọkara. Kemgbe e hiwere ya na 1986, AWC enyela ọtụtụ puku ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan mmụta bara uru na nkwado.

2. Nlekọta ahụike

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Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ahụike Nne na Nwatakịrị: Malite ọrụ ya na 2000, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nyere nkwado maka ihe dị ka ezinụlọ 25,000 dara ogbenye bi na mpaghara Shahrak Khurasan nke Kabul. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya ruo n'afọ 2002, na-enweghị ịdabere na ndị na-enye onyinye n'èzí. Otu ndị otu iri na otu na-elekọta mkpa nke ndị nne na ụmụaka 60-80 kwa ụbọchị, na-enye nlekọta ahụike dị mkpa, nyocha ụlọ nyocha, na ọgwụ, niile na-enweghị ụgwọ ego.

Nkwado na ndụmọdụ nke Psychosocial: AWC na-ebute nkwado nke psychosocial ụzọ, na-egbo mkpa nke onye ọ bụla na nke otu. Ha na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ùgwù onwe onye na obi ike onwe onye, ịkwalite mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti otu, yana inye ngwá ọrụ dị irè maka ịchịkwa nrụgide, iwe na iru uju.

3. Enyemaka na imezigharị

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N'afọ gara aga, AWC nyere 1,000 ụmụ nwanyị enyemaka enyemaka dị mkpa n'oge oge oyi ma gaa n'ihu na-akwado ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ kwa ọnwa. Kemgbe afọ 2002, AWC emeela ọrụ enyemaka nke baara ezinụlọ 500 uru, gụnyere inye mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha, ihe ndị dị mkpa, na ihe oriri na Paktika na Parwan Provinces.

4. Ọgbọ ego

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AWC na-enye mmemme ọzụzụ zuru oke n'ọtụtụ isiokwu dị mkpa site na obere ọrụ azụmaahịa ruo n'ubi akwụkwọ nri.

5. Ikike, udo na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya

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AWC abụwo onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị nke Afghanistan, na-ekere òkè na ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, iwu udo, na ihe omume ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya kemgbe 1933. Tinyere inye ọzụzụ n'ebe ndị dị mkpa, ha na-emekwa nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na ogbako iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị mara na ịdị n'otu, na-enyere ha aka ịkwado ikike ha site n'ezinụlọ ruo n'ọkwa gọọmentị. Nzukọ ahụ na-agbakwa ụmụ nwanyị ume itinye aka na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

6. Nkwado mba ụwa

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AWC na-ekwusi ike na mmepe ọkachamara nke ndị ọrụ ya. Nzukọ ahụ akwadowo ndị ọrụ ahọpụtara ka ha gaa nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na ogbako na ebe ndị dị ka New Delhi na Sri Lanka.

Hụkwa

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  • Ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Afghanistan
  • Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ahụike Ụmụ nwanyị
  • Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị nke Afghanistan

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Our Profile. Afghanistan Women Council.Templeeti:Primary source inline
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tétreault (1994). Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-016-1.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Tétreault 1994 p227" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Ahmed-ghosh (March 2006). "Voices of Afghan women: Human rights and economic development". International Feminist Journal of Politics 8 (1): 110–128. DOI:10.1080/14616740500415508. 
  4. ↑ Samar (22 March 2019). "Feminism, Peace, and Afghanistan". Journal of International Affairs 72 (2): 145–159. Templeeti:Gale Templeeti:ProQuest. 
  5. ↑ Database.
  6. ↑ "Afghan Women Council calls for united Afghanistan", BBC Monitoring Central Asia, 2 February 2002. Templeeti:ProQuest.
  7. ↑ Manganaro (April 2011). "Gender Role Attitudes: Who Supports Expanded Rights for Women in Afghanistan?". Sex Roles 64 (7–8): 516–529. DOI:10.1007/s11199-011-9931-6. 
  8. ↑ Fleschenberg (2019). "Afghanistan: Uphill Challenges for Women's Political Rights", The Palgrave Handbook of Women's Political Rights, 185–199. DOI:10.1057/978-1-137-59074-9_13. ISBN 978-1-137-59073-2. 
  9. ↑ "Woman Can't be a Minister... They Should Give Birth": Taliban.
  10. ↑ "Taliban's treatment of women is crime against humanity, says Gordon Brown".
  11. ↑ https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2023-05/TALIBAN%20WAR%20ON%20WOMEN_ICJ%20AI%20Afghanistan%20Report_Final_0.pdf?VersionId=kg7a.wDtZsI0oXKtdCMAemddQCilLNSqTempleeti:Full citation neededTempleeti:Page needed
  12. ↑ Afghanistan: The Rule of Taliban: A year of violence, impunity and false promises.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Engagement key to reform of Taliban decrees restricting women’s rights", UN News, 26 September 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "UN News Engagement key to reform of Taliban decrees restricting women’s rights" defined multiple times with different content
  14. ↑ Speech: The women's rights crisis: Listen to, invest in, include, and support Afghan women (en). UN Women – Headquarters (2023-09-26). Retrieved on 2023-11-28.
  15. ↑ https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/SOCM-AFG_Women.pdf
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