Käte Voelkner

Käte Lydia Voelkner nke a na-atọ dị ka Kathe Voelkner (12 1906 na Danzig, 25 Julaị 1943 na Mkpọrọ Plötzensee ) bụ onye Kọmunist German, na-agụ Nazi na ogụ ogụ.  [1] Voelkner ozi nke otu ndị nledo Soviet na-arụ ọrụ na Europe na Agha nke echiche nke Abwehr ga-emecha mata dị ka Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle").  [2] Na mbụ onye na-eme egwuregwu acrobat, Voelkner jisiri ike ike ɔkwa dị mkpa dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ [3] n'ibu ọrụ Parisian nke Fritz Sauckel nke Arbeitseinsatz (Ọrụ Amanye Ọrụ) [1] ebe ọ  ihe ọrụ dị ka onye na-enye onye ntụziaka otu Red Orchestra Leopold aka.  Trepper .

Ndụ

Voelkner na nwanne ya nwoke, onye odee Kọmunist Benno Voelkner [ de ] sitere na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na West Prussia nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si Danzig.  [4] Nne Voelkner bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri [2] na nna ya bụ onye nkuzi.  [5] Ha abụọ kwenyesiri ike na Social Democrats .  [6] Ezin ahụ ahụ gara Europe na Russia nke ukwuu [4] n'oge agha, na-ebi ndụ ọnụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke na-ahapụ ha n'ụkọ.  N'afọ 1925, Voelkner onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi Ịtali [1] [lower-alpha 1] Johann Podsiadlo mgbe ọ na-eme njem [1] ma ihe eji agbara onye ya n'anya na onye njikwa ya.  Di na ahụ nwera ụmụ nwoke, Hans [2] na Henry.  [3] Nwa ha nwoke mbụ Hans Voelkner [ de ] egwuregwu 21 Ọgọst 1928, ga-abụkwa onye akụkụ anya nledo, maka GDR .  [11]

Paris

Na 1935, ahụ kwagara Paris ibi ndụ.  [11] Na-ama nke Agha ime nke amaghị, di na eke ahụ, bi na 5 Impasse Rolleboise na Paris, [12] na-anya ndị Nazi nke ukwuu.  N'ịchọ ikpà, ha abụọ akara aka na Nakpa French.  [1] Iji zere ịbụ ndị ejidere ma tinye ha n'arọ, di na ,ahụ,ahịhịa hazi site n'aka ndị French Communist Party, ndị Kọmunist ibe, bụ ndị zoro ha n' nchekwa nchekwa na Ménilmontant, n'etiti ndị  ọrụ na ndị na-azụ aha nke 20th arrondissement nke Paris .  [13] N'ime afá ndị mbụ nke agha phoney, di na gosiri ahụ ike na ide ihe.  [14] Voelkner jisiri ike nke mgbasa ozi, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ Parisian nke Fritz Sauckel n'òtù ndị na-ebuga ọrụ, [15] dị na Chamber of Deputies .  [3] [16] Podsiadlo jisiri ike ike ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị na Òtù Todt .  [3] Nkwa ndị German furu ha, ebe a ga-ejiri ụmụ ha na Hitler achụ na Germany, ebe a ụlọ ha na ezigbo Adolf Hitler alụ ọgụ.  [1]

Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Voelkner zutere Basile Maximovitch, bụ onye na-achọ ọrụ na- ọrụ dị elu na ụlọ ọrụ Sauckel na ha ikpe enyi.  O mechara gosi Voelkner nwanne ya ihe Anna Maximovitch .  [15] Di na izi ahụ ozi ezigbo enyi Anna bụ onye sere ha ka ha na ụmụ ha abụọ ngosi na Château Billeron.  [3] Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, nwanne Anna, Basile Maximovitch tụlere ha n'ime izu abụọ wee gwa Trepper ka a were ha n'akwa.  [17] Trepper na-enyo Voelkners enyo n'ihi ike Rue des Atrébates na ọ bụ izu ole na ole tupu ewee ha n'ahụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1941, site n'aka Anna Maximovitch.  [16] Maximovitch gbara ndị nledo "Artzin", otu n'ime egwu nledo asaa nke mebere, nledo nke Red Orchestra na Europe.  Ozugbo e mmetụta Voelkner, ọ ịgwa Sauckel.  Ọrụ ya bụ mbakọta ozi, ọ gbasara nsogbu ndị Nazi na-eju afọ nke ikike mmadụ.  [18] Voelkner kesara ozi ya na mpempe akwụkwọ nke ọ na-ebupụ ụlọ ọrụ na kọmpat ya ma ọ bụ n'etiti ibe na magazin ma ọ bụ n'igbe egwuregwu.  [16] E gosi Suzanne Giraud akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ, bụ onye dị ka ihe nkedo ahụ na-enyefe ha di ya, bụkwa onye na-egbutu, bụ onye na-enyefe ozi ahụ na Trepper na treff .  [16]

Site na ọrụ Voelkner, a na-eme ka Trepper mara maka ụkọ ọrụ na-adịghị ala ala na France yana maka usoro mgbochi ndị a na-eme atụmatụ. Nke a gụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ si mba ọzọ a na-ewebata maka mpaghara ọ bụla ndị Germany ji, ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na yana ojiji ha na ụlọ ọrụ German. Nke kachasị mkpa, ọgụgụ isi na-akọwa ụlọ ọrụ ndị edepụtara dị ka ihe kacha mkpa. [5]

Jide

Prọfesọ na ndị nledo Artzin mebere abụọ n'ime netwọkụ asaa na Red Orchestra

Voelkner na Podsiadlo bụ ndị Trepper raara ya nye na 7 January 1943. [19] E jidere Voelkner na treff na 7 January 1943 [20] ma ọ bụ 31 January 1943 (isi-edị iche) site n'aka ndị Gestapo na-arụ ọrụ.  ọrụ site na Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle .  [15] Na 15 Ma ọchịchị 1943 mgbe a tachara ya, Manfred Roeder mara ya ikpe ọnwụ na Reichskriegsgericht.  [15] Mgbe a mara ya ikpe ọnwụ n'iche ikpe, Voelkner weliri aka ya wee tie mkpu "Obi dị m ụtọ na m nwere ike ime ihe ole na ole maka nkọwa Kọmunist".  [1] [1] Na 28 Julaị 1943, Voelkner na Podsiadlo ngosi  [15]

Ụmụntakịrị ahụ ahụ́ na nne na nna ha nwụrụ mgbe ha ka nọ n'ogige ndị agha.  [6] E mmetụta Hans Voelkner na Eastern Front na 1944 wee gbahapụrụ, jide ya ma mmetụta ya n'ogige ịta akwa Bergen-Belsen .  O jisiri ike lanarị agha ahụ.  [6] Henry Voelkner, onye ka bụ nwata e mmetụta n'ama SS.

Ọ dịghị mgbe e nyere Voelkner olili ozu kwesiri.  Kama ahụ ya nwere mmetụta ndị na-egosi nke ezigara onye na-ahụ maka ahụ ike bụ Hermann Stieve maka nyocha ntọala.  [22] Voelkner bụ otu n'ime mmadụ 182 Red Orchestra gburugburu n'ọma Plötzensee e ndidi ozu ha na Stieve.  [22] N'ime mmadụ 182 ahụ, ọ bụ naanị otu ebe a na-eli ozu ka a mara na nke ahụ bụ Mildred Harnack.

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