John Latham (onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ nnụnụ)

 

John Latham (ụbọchị iri abụo na asaa n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1740 - ruo ụbọchị anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1837) bụ ónyé dibịa Bekee, ónyé na-ahụ màkà ihe okike na ónyé édémédé. Ọrụ ya bụ A General Synopsis of Birds (1781-1801) na General History of Birds (1821-1828). O nwèrè ike nyochaa ụdị nnụnụ Australia nke rutere England n'ime afọ iri abụọ ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ọ bụkwa ya nyere ọtụtụ n'ime ha aha Bekee. Ọ kpọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime nnụnụ ndị a ma ama n'Australia aha, gụnyere emu, cockatoo nwere sulphur, Ugo nwere ọdụdụ, lyrebird mara mma, Magpie nke Australia, magpie-lark na pheasant coucal. Ọ bụkwa ónyé mbụ kọwara hyacinth macaw. A na-akpọ Latham "nna nna" nke nnụnụ Australia.

Akụkọ ndụ

A mụrụ John Latham n'ubochi iri abụo na asaa n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1740 na Eltham na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kent. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ nke John Latham (nwụrụ n'afọ 1788), ónyé dọkịta na-awa ahụ, na nne ya, ónyé sitere na Sothebys, na Yorkshire.

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Merchant Taylors' School wee mụọ anatomy n'okpuru William Hunter wee gụchaa agụmakwụkwọ ahụike ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ London. N'afọ 1763 mgbè ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka dọkịta n'obodo Darenth, nso Dartford na Kent. N'otu afọ ahụ ọ lụrụ Ann Porter. Ha nwere ụmụ anọ nke otu nwa nwoke John (1769-1822) na otu nwa nwanyị Ann (1772-1835) lanarịrị n'oge ha bụ nwata.

Enyemaka na nnụnụ

Ihe osise nke cockatoo ojii na-acha ọbara ọbara, ihe osise na-acha odo odo sitere na A General Synopsis of Birds (mpịakọta 2, 1822)

A General Synopsis of Birds bụ ọrụ nnụnụ mbụ nke Latham ma nwee ihe osise otu narị na isii nke ónyé édémédé ahụ. Ọ kọwara ọtụtụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke Latham chọpụtara na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na nchịkọta dị iche iche. N'ọrụ a, dị ka Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, o tinyeghị aha nke ụdị ọ kọwara. Mgbe e mesịrị, Latham ghọtara na ọ bụ naanị iji usoro binomial Linnean ga-enye ya nsọpụrụ nke ịmalite aha sayensị nke ụdị ahụ. N'ihi ya, o bipụtara n'afọ 1790, Index Ornithologicus ébé o depụtara aha binomial maka ụdị niile ọ kọwara na mbụ. Otú ọ dị, ógè agafeela, dịka Johann Friedrich Gmelin ebipụtalarị nsụgharị nke ya nke Linnaeus' Systema Naturæ nke o nyere aha sayensị na ụdị Latham; na-eburu n'uche iwu nke aha, Gmelin nwere ihe kachasị mkpa. Ka o sina dị, e nwere ihe dị ka ụdị nnụnụ iri asatọ nke a kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ Latham nke afọ 1790 dị ka ikike. Ndị gụnyere emu, black swan, hyacinth macaw, sulphur-crested cockatoo, na mkpọtụ friarbird.

Ọrụ

• Latham (1781–1785). A General Synopsis of Birds (3 Volumes). London: Printed for Benj. White. 
• Latham (1787). Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds. London: Leigh & Sotheby. 
• Latham (1790). Index Ornithologicus, Sive Systema Ornithologiae: Complectens Avium Divisionem In Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Ipsarumque Varietates (2 Volumes) (in la). London: Leigh & Sotheby. 
• Latham (1801). Supplement II to the General Synopsis of Birds. London: Leigh & Sotheby. 
• Latham (1801). Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici Sive Systematis Ornithologiae (in la). London: Leigh & Sotheby. 
• Latham (1821–1828). A General History of Birds (10 Volumes + Index). Winchester, England: Jacob and Johnson. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Hindwood (1970). "The "Watling" drawings with incidental notes on the "Lambert" and the "Latham" drawings". Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 89 (1968–1969): 16–32. 
• Mathews (1931). "John Latham (1740–1837): an early English Ornithologist". Ibis 73 (3): 466–475. DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1931.tb01530.x. 
• Sawyer (1949). "Notes on some original drawings of birds used by Dr John Latham". Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 2 (5): 173–180. DOI:10.3366/jsbnh.1949.2.5.173. 
• Sharpe (1906). The History of the Collections Contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. Volume 2. London: British Museum, 89–154. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Calaby (1967). Latham, John (1740–1837), Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. 
• Hutchinson (1892). "Stephen Langton", Men of Kent and Kentishmen, Subscription, Canterbury: Cross & Jackman.