John Hardbattle

John Qace Hardbattle (1945-1996) bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado Bushman ama ama na Botswana. "Nwa nke nne ọkara-Bushman, Khwa, na nna Bekee, Tom Hardbattle". Nna ya bụ onye uwe ojii lara ezumike nká nke gara South Africa na Botswana. N'ebe ahụ ọ lụrụ "Kawi", nne John .^[1] John Hardbattle jikọrọ aka (ya na Roy Sesana) wee bụrụ onye ndu nke ndị mbụ nke Kalahari (FPK). .

Ndụ mbido

John Hardbattle jere ozi na ndị agha Britain, gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Oxford, ma na-azụ ehi na Ghanzi tupu ọ malite ihe gbasara ikike Bushman.^[2]

Ndị mbụ nke Kalahari

Hardbattle guzobere otu obodo First People of Kalahari (FPK) na 1991 na Roy Sesana iji gbasaa ozi dị mfe: Central Kalahari Game Reserve bụ nke Bushmen, ha kwesịkwara ọrụ n'ịkọwa ọdịnihu ha. N'oge na-adịghị anya, FPK ghọrọ ikpo okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ndị Bushmen nke Botswana na-eche nchụpụ ihu n'ala nna nna ha, na ndị ruo taa enweghị nnọchiteanya na ndị omeiwu Botswana ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ ndị isi ya.

Mgbasa ozi megide nchụpụ

Na mgbalị idozi nke a na n'otu oge ahụ iji lụso nchụpụ na-abịanụ ọgụ, John Hardbattle gara UK na US iji mee ka ndị mba ụwa mara nsogbu Bushmen na inweta nkwado ọha na eze maka ebumnuche Bushman.

Hardbattle mere ka eziokwu ahụ dị mfe na iwu Botswana mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị gbochiri ịbanye na Central Kalahari Game Reserve "maka nchebe na ọdịmma nke Bushmen."otu ihe ọ gwara ndị na-ege ntị na United Nations na ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa. Ọzọkwa, Hardbattle kwuru na ịchụpụ ndị San n'ala nna nna ha abụghị maka ịchụ nta gabigara ókè, ma ọ bụ maka mmepe, kama ọ bụ n'ezie n'ihi na gọọmentị Botswana na ndị isi na-emepụta diamond dị na Antwerp na Israel, nwere nchegbu na FPK ga-amalite ịchọ òkè nke ego ọ bụla sitere na igwupụta diamond na Kalahari.

Hardbattle mere ka mmasị na nchegbu dị ukwuu maka nsogbu nke San na njem ya, na-adọta nkwado site na Gloria Steinem, First Peoples Worldwide, Cultural Survival na Survival International, yana mbipụta nke ọtụtụ isiokwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye dị mkpa maka FPK.

N'ihi mgbalị Hardbattle, a manyere gọọmentị Botswana ịlaghachi azụ na mmemme nchụpụ na ịkwaga ya.

Ọnwụ

John Hardbattle nwụrụ na mberede na mberede site na Ọrịa kansa lymphatic na 1996 na njedebe nke obere mkpọsa ya. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Gọọmentị Botswana maliteghachiri mgbalị ya iji chụpụ ma chụpụ ndị San na Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Ọrụ Hardbattle anọgidewo na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ dị iche iche site n'aka enyi ya ogologo oge Roy Sesana na nwanne ya nwanyị Andrea Hardbattle.

Ntuaka

↑ THE BUSHMEN'S ADVOCATE
↑ Morton (2008). "Hardbattle, John Qace (1945-1996)", Historical Dictionary of Botswana, 4th, African Historical Dictionaries, Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 132. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.

Onye na-akwado ndị ohia.
Morton,Fred; Ramsay,Jeff;Mgadla, part Themba(2008). "Hardbattle, John Qace(1945-1996)". Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke botswana. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Afrịka. Vol. 108(4th Ed.). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow press. P 132. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Sandy Gall Ndị Bushmen nke Southern Africa: Ogbugbu nke onye aka ya dị ọcha. London: Chatto & Windus, 2001
Rupert Isaacson Ala Ọgwụgwọ: Ndị Bushmen na Ọzara Kalahari. London [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
Boustany, Nora (1995) The Bushmen's Advocate: Straddling Two Worlds, John Hardbattle na-ekwu maka nsogbu nke No'akwe nke Botswana. Washington Post, December 18, 1995, peeji nke D1, D4

Njikọ mpụga

[1] THE BUSHMEN'S ADVOCATE

[2] Morton (2008). "Hardbattle, John Qace (1945-1996)", Historical Dictionary of Botswana, 4th, African Historical Dictionaries, Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 132. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.

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