James E. Reveley
[1] [2]James E. Reveley (January 2, 1944 - Jenuarrị 18, 2023) bụ onye America mortician, akwọ ezé na onye na-azụ ahịa maka nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu America. N'ime afọ ndị 1970, o nyere aka ọkụnye ndị omebe iwu Texas ka ha me ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka olili ozu, ihe iwu ochie nke egwú ịgbanye ozu, ma iwu na-emebi ala iji chebe ndị na-azụ ọrụ na -eru uju site na omume irigbu. [1] N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Texas, Reveley gara n'ihu n'ọgụ ya na ọkwa mba na-enyere Federal Trade Commission's Funeral Rule merie mmegide ụlọ ọrụ wee lanarị veto congressional, na- agbanwe ka ụlọ ọrụ olili. ozu si arụ ọrụ na mba niile
Afọ mbụ na ọrụ
dezie[3]Amụrụ ma kụkọ Reveley na San Antonio, Texas wee gụchaa na 1962 na Highlands High School n'àgwà ndị mụrụ ọmụmụ nke obodo ahụ. [1] [2] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ hụrụ ọrụ n'ọrụ olili ozu, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ya site n'ịchịkọta ozu nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya wee bụrụ onye na -ahụ maka ọkụ ọkụ na onye nduzi olili ozu.
N'ikpeazụ, Reveley nwere nkụda na mmesi ike na-ere ndị eji eji na-eru újú wee ọrụ ya dị ka onye akwụkwọ olili ozu iji debanye aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ eze, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị. ka onye na-agba agba iji ozizi ya. [1] Mgbe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ akụkọ na-eme dentistry na San Antonio.
Na 1978, Reveley laghachiri na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, mepee Reveley Memorial Services na San Antonio ebe ọ malitere inye ndị obodo ya olili ozu dị ọnụ ala. [4] O mechara gbasaa ije ozi n'ahịa Austin, wee tolite azụmahịa ya site n'ime ka ndị ahịa kwenye na ha achọghị ọmarịcha olili ozu dị oke ọnụ iji gosi nkwanye ùgwù maka ndị ezinụlọ ha nwụrụ anwụ. [1] Reveley nyere olili $365 n'ime igbe pine, mgbe nkezi ọnụ ahịa olili ozu na America bụ $1,400, na-eji refrigeration iji zere ime ihe na-adịghị mma nke steeti ahụ chọrọ. [4] [5]
Nkwado
dezieA mmasị Reveley onye Nkwado maka ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu mgbe ọ gụchara Jessica Mitford's The American Way of Death . Na mgbakwunye na ịnyị ndị na-azụ anya nhọrọ olili ozu dị ọnụ ala na Reveley Memorial Services, ọ ihikwara mgbochi iwu iwu na iwu iwu na Texas n'ụdị Senator Lloyd Doggett nke Austin.
N'afọ 1979, ndị ụlọ ọrụ steeti Morticians na-arụ ọrụ bịara maka nyocha ọdịda anyanwụ nke Texas State Legislature. [4] N'otu oge ahụ, Ngalaba Ahụike Texas na-atụle ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ya chọrọ ịgbanye ozu maka ndị niile nwụrụ anwụ na steeti ahụ, omume na-akpata ego, mana enweghị isi. Mgbe agha esemokwu dị n'etiti Texas Funeral Directors Association na njikọ aka nke ndị ahịa ikike nke Doggett na Reveley duziri, e mebiri nkwekọrịta nke chebere ịdị adị nke Board of Morticians, mana gbakwunyere oche maka ndị na-abụghị ndị nwụrụ anwụ, na-abawanye nchebe ndị ahịa na olili ozu ahụ. ụlọ ọrụ, ma machibidoro ụlọ ọrụ steeti ọ bụla ka ọ chọọ ịgba ozu na-anọghị n'ihe egwu dị na ahụike ọha. [4] Karịsịa, Reveley gbara aka n'ụzọ zuru ebe niile nke mgbake ozu dị oke ọnụ mgbe enwere ụzọ ọzọ dị ọnụ ala karịa, refrigeration.
[6] Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esiwanye ike na mba niile iji chịkwaa ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, Federal Trade Commission tụpụtara mbie etiti maka ụlọ olili ozu. [1] Reveley gbara na February 13, 1980 n'ihu kọmitii na-ahụ maka nkọwa na nyọnyo nke kọmitii Houselọ United States na Interstate na Azụmahịa Ofesi ebe ọ ike ya na ụlọ ọrụ ozu bụ “ụzọ iji ikike ikike nke ndị ọzọ mmadụ nwụnahụrụ.” [2] Na 1981, Reveley dị na Phil Donahue Show ebe ya na onye isi oche nke National Funeral Director's Association na onye ọrụ FTC na-arụrịta ụka na ọrụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu. [3] Na Julaị 20, 1982, Reveley gbara ndị ọzọ gbasara omume mmanye na omume anụrị na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, oge a n'ihu Kọmiti na-ahụ maka Housing na Consumer Interests of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Aging . [4] N'ikpeazụ, na 1984, Federal Trade Commission akwụkwọ Iwu olili ozu, nke e mere iji chebe ndị na-azụ ahihia site n'ịchọ ka ndị na-ahụ maka olili ozu na ndị na-eri anụ na-enye ozi zuru oke nkọwa na ọrụ ha na-enye, na-egosi ndepụta ndepụta aha akara tupu ha emechaa akara, ma kwe ka ndị na-azụ họrọ nke. ihe na ọrụ olili ozu ha anti.
Na nzaghachi na mmemme ya, Reveley nwetara egwu ọnwụ ma dọta iwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dum. [3] Ndị otu Texas Funeral Directors Association na ndị otu ya na-etinye nrụgide na akwụkwọ akụkọ Texas ka ha nọgide na-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara ya. [5] A na-akparị ya mgbe niile na akwụkwọ azụmahịa olili ozu, ma ndị juri nyere ya $120,000 maka nkwutọ aha mgbe Reveley gbasịrị onye bipụtara Mortuary Management Magazine akwụkwọ mgbe ha bipụtasịrị otu akụkọ ahụ nke na-akatọ ya nke ukwuu. [7] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ meriri ebubo nkwutọ ya megide onye bipụtara ya, ọkàikpe gọọmenti etiti wepụrụ mmebi nkwutọ ndị juri nyere na mkpesa. [7]
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Langford. "Funeral home franchises cut burial costs by 60 percent", United Press International, June 5, 1983. Retrieved on January 21, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Molotsky. "All funeral costs must be itemized", The New York Times, April 30, 1984. Retrieved on January 21, 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gross. "Dentist-mortician angers undertakers; Provides funerals at reduced rates; Advocate of price disclosure says industry should be consumer oriented", United Press International, October 4, 1981. Retrieved on January 21, 2023.Gross, Laurence H. (October 4, 1981). "Dentist-mortician angers undertakers; Provides funerals at reduced rates; Advocate of price disclosure says industry should be consumer oriented". United Press International. Retrieved January 21, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Loe. "Extreme Unctuousness", Texas Monthly, May 1981. Retrieved on January 21, 2023.Loe, Victoria (May 1981). "Extreme Unctuousness". Texas Monthly. Retrieved January 21, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Knight. "Hill Panel Told of Funeral 'Exploiting'", The Washington Post, February 14, 1980. Retrieved on January 21, 2023.Knight, Jerry (February 14, 1980). "Hill Panel Told of Funeral 'Exploiting'". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Funeral Rule (en). Federal Trade Commission (2018-10-31). Retrieved on 2023-10-22.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Reveley v. Berg Publications, Inc., 601 F. Supp. 44 (W.D. Tex. 1984) (en). Justia Law. Retrieved on 2023-10-23.