Iwu Njem Njem 1824
The Vagrancy Act 1824 ( 5 Geo. 4. c. 83) bụ iwu nke nzuko omeiwu nke United Kingdom na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mkparị ịrahụ ụra ma ọ bụ eziokwu na England na Wales . Enyere iwu ahụ na Georgian England iji luso ọnụ ọgụgụ na-elu nke ndị mmadụ na-amanye ibi n'okporo ụzọ ma n'ihi njedebe Agha Napoleon na mmebi iwu na eze nke iwu iwu ihe . Ndị nkatọ nke iwu ndị agha ndị na onye na-ekpochapụ, William Wilberforce, bụ onye katọrọ Iwu ahụ maka ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbanaka na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbanaka na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-achọghị. mma maka iko na-iche echiche echiche ihe mere onye ọ chiri nwere ike ịbụ ebe obibi
ndabere
dezie[1] Emebere iwu a iji hụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arrị elu nke ndị ogbenye obodo mepere emepe na-achọ ebe obibi na England na Wales. Mgbe njedebe nke Agha Napoleon na 1815, Mgbanwe Ndị Ọrụ, Mmepụta Iwu Ọka, na nkeji Mkpuchi, a manyere ọtụtụ puku mmadụ n'ala. Ndị nọ n'ụkọ gbadara n'ime obodo mepere emepe na-enwe mmetụta ọrụ
[1]Obodo ndị dị n'England, anyị London, Birmingham na Liverpool juputara na ndị mmadụ na-ebi n'ụzọ siri ike n'okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ n'ogige ndị ọrụ. Ihe ngosi nke otu ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị agha na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri bụ ndị a ịchụpụrụ mgbe Agha Waterloo nchebe na 1815. Mgbe Secretary na Agha, The Viscount Palmerston nyere iwu ka a oke mbelata size nke peacetime British Army na Royal Navy, puku kwuru puku ndị ọrụ mbụ ụgbọala ọrụ ma ọ bụ ebe obibi. [1] N'otu oge ahụ, nnukwu uche nke ndị na-akwaga akụ na mụrụ si Ireland na Scotland rutere England, na-eji na London, na-achọ ọrụ. Ndị ụzọndọrọ nhọrọ nọ n'iche omebe iwu na-iche nwebere na ndị otu parish na-aghọ ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ịchịkwa "ndị na-akwagharị" ndị a. Ọzọkwa, iwu ngafe ochie nke nyere ndị njem na-eme njem n'efu ka ha si n'otu mpaghara were were na-adịkwaghị iguzo.
Mmejọ
dezieEmezi iwu nke 1824 ọtụtụ oge, saịtị na Iwu Vagrancy 1838, bụ nke webatara ọtụtụ mmejọ iwu ọha ọhụrụ na-ekpuchi omume ndị e chere n'oge ahụ nwere ike ịhụta iwe. Ọ nwere ndokwa maka ịgba akwụkwọ nke "Onye ọ lara kpachapụrụ anya ele anya, n'okporo ụzọ ámá ọ llaala. ... ma ọ bụ ebe nsogbu na eze, ihe ọkụ ọkụ nke arụ, Foto, ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ. arụ arụ [2]
[3]ịchọ na Iwu nke 1824 በቀላሉ nanị na England na Wales, Nkebi nke 4 nke ahụ, bụ nke okwukwe ọgbaghara na ụgha, gbakwunyekwuru Scotland na Ireland site na ngalaba 15 nke Mgbochi Mpụ 1871. A kagburu nke ngalaba a (na England na Wales naanị) site na Iwu Mberede Mpụ 1981 .
Iwu Vagrancy 1898 ndekọ ma ọ bụ mbubata maka ọdịdị arụ. N'ịbụ nke e bu n'obi mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ụmụaka ịgba ịgbana, n'ịlụ, a na-eji iwu ahụ eme ihe iji kpee ụmụ nwoke ikpe nwoke nwera nwoke.[4]
[5]Iwu Ndozi Iwu Mpụ 1912, gbatịpụrụ iwu nke Iwu 1824 na Scotland na Ireland, yana ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ
Ọkwa dị ugbu a
dezieIwu Vagrancy izizi 1824 ka na-arụ ọrụ na England na Wales ruo mgbe emepụtara iwu akụkụ. N'afọ 1982, iwu ọgwụ Civic (Scotland) kagburu Iwu ahụ dum na Scotland. E mere ohere na 1981 [1] iji kagbuo Nkebi nke 4 (ya mere, dị ka a isi kwuo ya, kagbuo ihe na-adị ebe obibi) na England na Wales, mananing ahụ (Vgrancy Offenses (Repeal) Bill) mere akụkụ ụfọdụ akwụkwọ mbụ
Eji oge a
dezieN'afọ 1988, a gbara ihe dị ka mmadụ 573 ikpe na ikpe n'okpuru Iwu England na Wales, gbagoro ruo 1,396 site na 1989. [1] Na May 1990 , National Association of Probation Officers mere nsogbu nke ikpe n'okpuru Iwu. . The ahụ MB na e mesilala ikpe 1,250 n’Magiste 14 dị na Central London na 1988, bụ́ nke nọchiri anya dị ukwuu n’ọnụ ndị a gbara akwụkwọ n’okpuru Iwu ahụ, na London.
[6]N'afọ 2014, ijidere ụmụ nwoke a atọ ma bo ya ebubo n'okpuru ngalaba 4 nke Iwu Vagrancy nke 1824 maka izu ohi nri nri na skips na bins n'iche nnukwu ụlọ Iceland na Kentish Town, North London . A ga-ekpe Paul May, William James na Jason Chan ikpe mgbe ebubo na ha nara cheese, tomato na ikike ọnụ £33 n'azụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. A Iceland gọnarị ọṅụ aka ọ lụso n'ịkpọtụrụ ndị uwe ojii, na gbụgba ọha, ọ nditọ ihe ቀለም na Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) chere na ọ bụ nsogbu na eze na-ahụso ikpe na-ahụ atọ ahụ. [1] Ndị ikom atọ ahụ, ha niile akara adreesị a kapịrị ọnụ, ga-aga n'ilo ikpe na Highbury Magistrates' Court na 3 February 2014. ngosi, tupu ụbọchị ahụ, CPS elele ya nyere ikpe, ahụ na- malite na ọ chere na o nye ihe oke ruru eru maka nsogbu na eze na-egosi ikpe. [2] Na 2020, mmadụ 573 gbara akwụkwọ n'okpuru iwu ahụ
N'April 2022, ndị uwe ojii, mpụ, ikpe ikpe na ụlọ ikpe 2022 ka etinyere wee nye Royal Assent. O nwere ndokwa nke ga-akagbu Iwu Vagrancy 1824, mana onye nwe nke steeti ga-eme akwụkwọ ndokwa a. Gọọmenti ihe ebu n'obi ibido usoro nbibi a ruo mgbe emechara iwu mkpa [7] [8]
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The history of the Vagrancy Act 1824. www.thepavement.org.uk (6 June 2010).
- ↑ HC Deb 25 June 1991 c861.
- ↑ https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo4/5/83/section/4
- ↑ Lacey (2008). Terrible Queer Creatures: Homosexuality in Irish History. Dublin: Wordwell. ISBN 978-1905569236.
- ↑ The Law Reform Commission (1985). Report on Vagrancy and Related Offences (Dublin: LRC (Ireland)) p. 6f.
- ↑ Ministers under pressure to revoke law which makes it illegal to sleep rough (en). inews.co.uk (2021-05-20). Retrieved on 2021-06-15.
- ↑ Policy paper - Repeal of the Vagrancy Act 1824: Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 factsheet
- ↑ Review of the Vagrancy Act: Consultation on effective replacement.