Wikipedia

Incubator (àkwá)

Ihe incubator bụ ngwaọrụ na-eme ka nsen avian na-ekpo ọkụ site n'ime ka àkwá na-ekpo ọkụ n'otu ebe okpomọkụ yana iru mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị yana usoro ntụgharị iji kpoo ha.

Ebe a na-ekpuchi àkwá n'oge a

Aha ndị a na-ahụkarị nke incubator n'okwu ndị ọzọ gụnyere igwe na-amụ nwa / igwe ma ọ bụ hatchers, setters, na Ịzụlite àkwá / ngwá ọrụ.[1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Owu àkwá nke Ijipt

Ndị Ijipt nwere usoro nke incubating na 400 BC, na-eji ụlọ cylindrical ma ọ bụ oven nke nwere ọkụ na ala. A na-etinye akwa ndị ahụ na-akụ n'elu cone tụgharịrị nke kpuchiri n'akụkụ ụfọdụ na ntụ. A na-etinye akwa ndị ahụ n'ime nkata a kpara akpa nke nọ ọdụ n'elu ntụ. Ụlọ ahụ nwekwara ụlọ nke na-eme ka anwụrụ ọkụ gbapụ, ma ọ na-eme ka mmiri ghara izo.[2] Igwe ọkụ akwa ndị Ijipt na-abụkarị ụlọ brik n'ụdị pyramidal, nwere ọnụ ụlọ abụọ dị n'ime.[2]

 
Ebe a na-azụ anụ na Réaumur

Nchịkwa sayensị chọrọ nyocha ziri ezi na nke a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro nke okpomọkụ, dị ka thermometer nke dabeere na mmanya na-aba n'anya nke onye France na-ahụ maka ihe okike na ọkà mmụta sayensị René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur chepụtara na 1730, na ogo okpomọkụ aha ya.[3]

Réaumur jiri thermometer mee ihe n'ime atụmatụ ya maka incubator aka, nke e nyere Académie des sciences na 1747, ma bipụta ya na 1749 dị ka l'Art de faire éclore et d'élever en toute saison des oiseaux domestiques de toutes espèces, ma ọ bụ site na okpomọkụ nke nsị, ma ọ bụghị site na nke ọkụ nkịtị, ma ọ bụrụ "nkà nke ịkpalite na ịzụlite nnụnụ ụlọ nke ụdị niile n'oge niile, ma ọ dị ka site na okike nke nsị ma ọ bụ nke ọkụ nkịtị".

Lyman Byce mepụtara incubator nke oriọna coal na 1879. [4] Ọ bụ Hearson mere igwe azụmahịa mbụ n'afọ 1881. [5]

Ira M. Petersime nke Gettysburg, Ohio, USA bụ onye e nyere otuto maka ịmepụta incubator eletrik na 1922.[6] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na nwa ya nwoke, Ray, malitere imepụta incubators. [7] E nyere ha ọtụtụ ikike ikike ikike na atụmatụ imewe na mmelite ndị sochirinụ. Ihe ọhụrụ nke incubator eletrik na-arụ ọrụ na ikike gbasaa (na mbido Petersime nyere ihe nlereanya na-ejide àkwá 15,000) gbara ume uto nke nnukwu ụlọ ahịa. [8]

Ebumnuche

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Postcard nke narị afọ nke 20 nke na-egosi àkwá na nwa a na-amụ n'ime incubator maka ịzụ anụ nnụnụỊkpa anụ nnụnụ

Ihe incubator bụ ngwa a na-eji ahazi ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na ntụgharị maka ịpụta nke ọma nke àkwá na-eme nri etinyere n'ogige. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ọdịbendị nje na-eto eto, ịkụnye akwa n'ụdị aka aka, ma ọ bụ nye ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka mmeghachi omume kemịkal ma ọ bụ nke ndu. A na-edekọ incubator ka ọ na-eji amịpụta nnụnụ na àkwá na-akpụ akpụ. Ọ na-ahapụ nwa ebu n'afọ n'ime akwa ahụ itolite na-enweghị nne kwesịrị ịnọ ya iji nye ọkụ. A na-edekọ àkwá ọkụkọ ka ọ pụta mgbe ihe dị ka ụbọchị 21 gachara, mana ụdị nnụnụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike iwe ogologo oge ma ọ bụ obere oge.[10] A na-ejikwa ihe incubater na-azụ nnụnụ.[9]

 
Obere incubator eji emepụta àkwá quail maka nyocha nri na US Food and Drug Administration n'oge 1960s ruo 1980s. A na-egosi incubator ugbu a n'isi ụlọ ọrụ FDA na Silver Spring, Maryland.

Onye na-ekpuchi àkwá kwesịrị inwe ike ịtọ gburugburu ebe obibi zuru oke na ọnọdụ maka àkwá ka ọ kụọ n'ihi na ọ na-achịkwa ihe ndị dị ka okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, na ịtụgharị àkwá mgbe ọ dị mkpa, yabụ a na-ekpu àkwá ahụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi ya ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọkụkọ na ọnọdụ okike ya. The incubator na-enyekwa ohere ka àkwá na-ekpuchi mgbe ọ na-ewepụ egwu ndị dị n'èzí nke nwere ike imerụ àkwá ahụ.[1]

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke onye njikwa hatchery nke oge a bụ imepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ejiji, siri ike, ụmụ ọkụkọ ochie. Ike bụ ụkpụrụ ahụike, nke sitere na ndụ nwa ọkụkọ - ma na-ejikọta ya na arụmọrụ na nguzogide nke ụmụ ọkụkọ n'otu n'otu.[10] Ịchụ ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche n'otu oge ahụ ga-ekwe omume n'ime otu incubator.

Ụzọ e si akpa nwa

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N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, e nwere ụzọ abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe: otu na ọtụtụ. N'otu oge, incubator nwere naanị àkwá nke otu afọ embryo. Uru nke otu ọkwa incubation bụ na enwere ike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ ihu igwe dịka mkpa nke embryo niile na-eto eto. N'ime ọtụtụ ọkwa nke nku, onye na-etinye ya nwere àkwá nke afọ dị iche iche, na-abụkarị afọ 3 ruo 6.[11] N'ihi ya, a pụghị ịgbanwe ọnọdụ ihu igwe kpọmkwem dịka mkpa nke ụmụ ọhụrụ niile na-eto eto si dị, a ghaghịkwa ịchọ nkwekọrịta iji kwekọọ n'afọ ndị e gosipụtara na onye na-etinye ya.[12] N'ime usoro nkuchi dị iche iche, a na-eji okpomọkụ nke ụmụ ọhụrụ ndị okenye na-emepụta mee ihe iji kpoo ụmụ ọhụrụ na-achọ okpomọkụ n'otu igwe ahụ. N'ihi mkpa dị iche iche dị na Multi-Stage na Single-stage ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche chọrọ iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eji ígwè ọrụ Single-Stage ọdịnala, mana REAL Single-stage dị.[11]

Ụdị ejiji

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A na-eji ọkụ eletrik eme ihe n'oge a, nke thermostat na-achịkwa ebe ụfọdụ na-eji ike anyanwụ eme ihe n"ihi ike ọkụ eletrik na-adịghị mma. Enwere ike iji ha mee ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ ugbo, dị ka nnukwu ụlọ ịzụ ọkụkọ, ma ọ bụ enwere ike ịchọta ha na klas nkịtị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ iji hụ àkwá n'ime na mgbe ọ na-apụta. Ụfọdụ incubators ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe buru ibu iji jide àkwá 124,416, ụfọdụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nwere ike ijide àkwá ole na ole.[10]

  • Ebe a na-etinye ihe n'ahụ
  • Ebe a na-ekpuchi ihe
  • Ngwakọta incubator[1]

Hụkwa

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Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Incubator Terminology Explained. SureHatch. Retrieved on 13 June 2018. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SureHatch" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ The Egyptian Egg Ovens Considered More Wondrous Than the Pyramids, Atlas Obscura
  3. ↑ Réaumur. Règles pour construire des thermomètres dont les degrés sont comparables et qui donnent une idée d'un chaud ou d'un froid qui puissent être rapportés à des mesures connues. Mémoire de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, 1730
  4. ↑ Rude (2016). Tastes Like Chicken: A History of America's Favorite Bird. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-68177-163-2. Retrieved on 25 August 2016. 
  5. ↑ The History Of Incubation. Pleysier. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved on 7 September 2013.
  6. ↑ "Ira M. Petersime dies; egg incubator maker", Journal Herald, 25 January 1958.
  7. ↑ "Another gem is added to Ohio's crown", Dayton Daily News, 12 December 1926.
  8. ↑ "Inventor dies at 85", Los Angeles Times, 26 January 1958.
  9. ↑ Poultry: Reproduction & Incubation. MSU Cares. Retrieved on 7 September 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 SmartPro Incubation. PasReform. Retrieved on 12 September 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "PasReform" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 LINCO Incubator Research & development
  12. ↑ Pas Reform Academy (2014). Incubation Guide Broiler v5, p:25
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