Wikipedia

Imụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ

ọnwụ nke nwa ebu n'afọ tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe a na-amụ nwa, na-ebute ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ

Still birth bu mgbe nwatakiri nwuru na afo mgbe odi izuka iriabuo maobu iriabuo na asato. O but mgbe amuru NWA na adighi ndu . Onwu NWA na afo na Abu ihe iru uju n'ebe nne ya no. Odi kwa ka miscarriage nke bu nwatakiri ipu na afo makwa nwata inwu ozigbo amuru ya.[1][2][3][4][5] [6][5]

Imụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, a maghị ihe kpatara ya.[1][7] Ihe na-akpata ya nwere ike ịgụnye Nsogbu ime dị ka pre-eclampsia na nsogbu ọmụmụ, nsogbu nke Placenta ma ọ bụ umbilical cord, nkwarụ ọmụmụ, ọrịa dịka ịba na syphilis, na ahụike na-adịghị mma n'ime nne.[2]: Ihe na-akpata, Ihe ndị dị ize ndụ gụnyere afọ nne karịrị 35, ịṅụ sịga, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, iji teknụzụ inye aka ịmụ nwa, na ime ime ime mbụ. [8][9][10] Enwere ike ịtụle ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ mgbe a na-enweghị mmetụta nke nwa e bu n'afọ.[11] A na-eji ultrasound eme nkwenye.[7][11]

N'ụwa niile na 2021, e nwere atụmatụ nde 1.9 nke amụrụ nwụrụ anwụ nke mere mgbe izu 28 nke ime gasịrị (ihe dị ka 1 maka ọmụmụ 72 ọ bụla). [12] Ihe karịrị ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị a na-eme atụmatụ ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ na 2021 mere na mpaghara Sahara Africa na South Asia, na 47% nke ngụkọta ụwa na mpaghara Sahara Afrịka na 32% na South Asia.[13] Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ adaala, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị nwayọ kemgbe afọ 2000.[14] Dị ka UNICEF si kwuo, ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ a mụrụ nwụrụ anwụ jiri 35%, site na nde 2.9 na 2000 ruo nde 1.9 na 2021.[1] A na-eme atụmatụ na ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ ọmụmụ nwụrụ anwụ maka mba ọ bụla nọgide na ọkwa 2021, a ga-amụ nde ụmụaka 17.5 nwụrụ anwụ ka ọ na-erule afọ 2030.[1][12]

Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya

dezie

Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2016, enweghi usoro nkewa mba ụwa maka ihe kpatara ọmụmụ nwụrụ anwụ.[15] A maghị ihe kpatara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụmụ nwụrụ anwụ, ọbụlagodi n'ọnọdụ ebe a na-eme nyocha dị ukwuu na Nnyocha ozu. Okwu a na-ejikarị akọwa ihe ndị a bụ "ọrịa ọnwụ mberede tupu a mụọ nwa", ma ọ bụ SADS, ahịrịokwu e chepụtara na 2000.[16] Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ nwụrụ anwụ na-eme n'oge zuru ezu na ndị nne yiri ka ha nwere ahụike, na nyocha postmortem na-ekpughe ihe kpatara ọnwụ n'ihe dị ka 40% nke ndị e nyochara.

  • nje bacteria, dị ka syphilis[9]
  • ịba[9]
  • nkwarụ ọmụmụ, ọkachasị hypoplasia akpa umehypoplasia nke akpa ume
  • Chromosome aberrations
  • mgbochi uto
  • intrahepatic cholestasis nke ime ime
  • Ọrịa shuga nne
  • Ịṅụ ọgwụ ntụrụndụ nke nne (dị ka Mmanya na-aba n'anya, nicotine, wdg) ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị a machibidoro n'ime ime [17]
  • Mgbe afọ ime gasịrị
  • Ọrịa placental
  • mmerụ ahụ
  • nsị radieshon
  • Ọrịa Rh
  • Ọrịa celiac[18]
  • Mkpịsị akụkụ ahụ nwanyị[19]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stillbirth: Overview. NICHD (23 September 2014). Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved on 4 October 2016.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stillbirth (en-GB). World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved on 29 November 2022.
  3. ↑ What is Stillbirth?. Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved on 17 Sep 2020.
  4. ↑ (2022) "Macerated Stillbirth", Keeling's Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 345–368. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-84168-3_15. ISBN 978-3-030-84168-3. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 (January 2014) "Pregnancy loss". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 28 (1): 169–178. DOI:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.012. PMID 24047642. 
  6. ↑ (2022-03-01) "Progesterone for the prevention of threatened miscarriage" (in English). Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine 32 (3): 44–47. DOI:10.1016/j.ogrm.2022.01.005. 
  7. ↑ Edeib. "After a Stillbirth, an Autopsy Can Provide Answers. Too Few of Them Are Being Performed.", ProPublica, 29 November 2022. Retrieved on 29 November 2022.
  8. ↑ What are possible causes of stillbirth?. NICHD (23 September 2014). Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved on 4 October 2016.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 (February 2016) "Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030". Lancet 387 (10018): 587–603. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00837-5. PMID 26794078.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Lawn2016" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ What are the risk factors for stillbirth?. NICHD (23 September 2014). Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved on 4 October 2016.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 How is stillbirth diagnosed?. NICHD (23 September 2014). Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved on 4 October 2016.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Stillbirths (en-US). UNICEF Data. Retrieved on 2023-10-25.
  13. ↑ Stillbirths and stillbirth rates (en-US). UNICEF DATA. Retrieved on 2023-10-31.
  14. ↑ (February 2016) "Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030". Lancet 387 (10018): 587–603. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00837-5. PMID 26794078. 
  15. ↑ (September 2016) "Classification systems for causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, 2009–2014: an assessment of alignment with characteristics for an effective global system". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 16: 269. DOI:10.1186/s12884-016-1040-7. PMID 27634615. 
  16. ↑ (February 2002) "Umbilical cord accidents: human studies". Seminars in Perinatology 26 (1): 79–82. DOI:10.1053/sper.2002.29860. PMID 11876571. 
  17. ↑ Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs During Pregnancy (en-US). familydoctor.org (2018-03-12). Retrieved on 2022-04-27.
  18. ↑ (February 2016) "Celiac disease and obstetric complications: a systematic review and metaanalysis". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 214 (2): 225–234. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.080. PMID 26432464. 
  19. ↑ (June 2006) "Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries". Lancet 367 (9525): 1835–1841. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68805-3. PMID 16753486. 
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