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Ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa

Ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa

[1] nke ụmụ nwanyị [2] Ike bụ mmepe ụmụ nwanyị n'okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ike ọha na eze na akụ na ụba na mmepe mba. Ọ bụkwa ụzọ e si ebelata adịghị ike ụmụ nwanyị na ịdabere n'akụkụ niile nke ndụ. Enwere ike ịhụ na mkpokọta agụmakwụkwọ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ahụike na ikike iwu bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike na Nigeria.[3] ngụkọta nke agụmakwụkwọ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ahụike na ikike iwu bụ isi ihe na eme ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike na Naịjirịa. Dị ka ọtụtụ Ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka, ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nwere ọrụ dị ala karịa ụmụ nwoke ibe ha. [4] nwere okpukpu abụọ karịa ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'okpuru akara ịda ogbenye karịa ụmụ nwoke, na ihe ruru okpukpu iri na itoolu karịa ụmụ nwoke nọ n'ọkwa ndị isi karịa ụmụ nwanyị.

Enweghị nguzozi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya

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N'ime isi nke enweghị nkwekọ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Naijiria bụ ike gbagọrọ agbagọ n'ịkọwapụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ. Nwoke a lekwasịrị anya na egosi nsogbu dị egwu nke ndị mmadụ. A na ewepụ ụmụ nwanyị na usoro mkpebi nke ụmụaka ole ha ga enwe na mgbe ha ga amụ ha. E nwere ndị nduzi ole na ole na achịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke na elekwasị anya na ụmụ nwoke iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmụmụ dị elu. Iji mee [5] ihe ọ bụla rụọ ọrụ ruo n'ókè nke ịchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ga enwerịrị ike hà nhata n'ụlọ.E nwere enweghị nkwekọ n'ime alụmdi na nwunye, ụlọ ọrụ okpukpe na nke gọọmentị na ịnweta usoro ahụike dị mma. Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, yana ọtụtụ mba n'ụwa niile, emeela ma hazie mmemme ndị na achọ imeziwanye Enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị. A nabatara mmepe ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke puku afọ nke atọ na 2000, nzukọ ụwa gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na Beijing 2000, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ihe mgbochi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ego

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[4]Ụmụ nwanyị fọrọ nke nta ka ha ghara ịdị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, karịa na gọọmentị etiti na steeti. Nchịkwa ụmụ nwoke na eme mkpebi na ime ihe ike emeela ka ụmụ nwanyị ghara inwe nnwere onwe na ahụ iru ala iji tinye aka n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Tụkwasị [4] nke a, ndị ndụmọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-aga nke ọma agaghị akwado ụmụ nwanyị na azọ ọkwa ka o wee sie ha ike ịkwadebe ụzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. E nwere nnukwu ọdịiche mgbe ọ na-abịa n'ịmalite azụmaahịa na inweta ego mgbazinye maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa. Mgbe ụmụ nwanyị [6] na azụmaahịa nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na ogologo ndụ dị mkpirikpi karịa ụmụ nwoke, ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị a na-aghọ ọbụna sara mbara. N'ime mba Tunisia na Zimbabwe, ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'oge dị iche iche n'ụbọchị niile. Oge [6] na-etinye n'ịnọgide na-azụ ahịa na obere ụgwọ ọrụ bụ ihe mgbochi na-adịghị mma ma na-emegide ọrụ ezinụlọ ha. [6] nweela usoro nnwale iji gbasaa azụmaahịa ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa dịka ịkwado mmalite na mmepụta ihe site na enyemaka, ntụziaka na ọzụzụ teknụzụ azụmaahịa. Ihe omume a na-akpọ YouWiN![6], nyere ụmụ okorobịa na ụmụ nwanyị nghọta banyere otu esi emezu echiche azụmahịa ha ma merie ihe ịma aka ụfọdụ na-abịa site na ịmalite azụmahịa.

Ihe àmà

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[7] Naijiria, enwere ike ịlele mmetụta nke inye ụmụ nwanyị ikike site na iji ihe ngosi dịka agụmakwụkwọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgụ na ide, ọrụ na ọrụ idu ndú. [8]Lynne Nkume featherstone kwuru na "ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke Ọnwụ nne na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na eme ka Naịjirịa bụrụ otu n'ime ebe kachasị sie ike n'ụwa ịmụ nwa nwanyị".

Omume gọọmentị

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N'ịchọ iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ Millennium na mmepe ụmụ nwanyị, gọọmentị Naijiria malitere Ego ụmụ nwanyị maka nkwado akụ na ụba na mmepe azụmaahịa maka ụmụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego, ebe "ohere nke abụọ" bu n'uche iweghachi ụmụ nwanyị a kwụsịrị n'ihi ime ime n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. [9] Nzukọ Ezumezu nke iri isii na anọ, a kọrọ na "ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi nwanyị na arụ ọrụ gọọmentị ka a na ekpe ikpe dị pasent 22.5, ebe nhọpụta ikpe gafee steeti iri atọ na isii mejupụtara ihe dị ka pasent iri atọ. Atụmatụ ọrụ mba na ịkwalite na ichebe ikike mmadụ na Naịjirịa ka e debere na Kansụl Naị nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Geneva na Julaị 2009. A na etinye isi na ikike ụmụ nwanyị na eme ka a na ụlọ ọrụ na enye ụmụ nwanyị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

Mmụta

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[7] na eji ọnụ ọgụgụ agụmakwụkwọ eme ihe dị ka ihe na egosi Enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị na inye ụmụ nwanyị ikike na Naịjirịa. [10] ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa mere na 1991 chọpụtara na 61% (41 nde) nke ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria "na ata ahụhụ site na ịda ogbenye".  [11]'Afriika, e nwere ụdị agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche, dị ka mmemme ịgbatị ọrụ ugbo, ọzụzụ n'ọrụ, n'èzí agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ, agụmakwụkwọ ọdịyo, agụmakọta mgbasa ozi, agụmakpọ ọrụ aka, ọzụzụ ndị ọrụ, mmepe obodo, agụmakmakwụkwọ mmekorita, klas mgbede, ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ, agụmụ ihe omume na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọrụ.

Akụkọ na egosi na ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria anaghị enwe ihu ọma na mmepe nke usoro agụmakwụkwọ na mba ahụ. N'afọ 1965, 37.75% nke ndị bi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị bụ ụmụ nwanyị ebe naanị 9% nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na agụsị akwụkwọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị. Ka ọ na erule afọ 1974, pasentị ụmụ nwanyị na agụsị akwụkwọ mụbara ruo 25.5%. Nnukwu ndebanye aha sitere n'aka ụmụ agbọghọ bụ naanị na nkuzi na ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'okwu zuru oke, e nwere ụmụ nwoke 138,334 na ụmụ nwanyị 50,652 na mahadum Naịjirịa n'oge a. Ihe ịma aka ụmụ agbọghọ [10] eche ihu bụ n'ihi nghọta nke ọha mmadụ banyere àgwà nwoke na nwanyị.

Ikike onwunwe nke ụmụ nwanyị

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[12] nwere ụkpụrụ omenala ndị a na edeghị ede nke na achịkwa ụmụ nwanyị n'ọtụtụ mba Afrịka. N'ime usoro nna ha, ndị Igbo nke mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa na enyefe ikike ịnọchi na ihe nketa na ụmụ nwoke. A naghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị Igbo keta ihe nketa; Otú ọ dị, n'obodo ụfọdụ, a na ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị mee ya n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ha na ụmụnne ha. [13]'ọnọdụ ndị a, nwanne nwoke nke okenye ka nwere ikike n'ihe onwunwe ahụ. Ikike ụmụ [14] Naijiria nwere inweta ihe onwunwe site n'aka ndị mụrụ ha nwụrụ anwụ ka Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kwadoro. [14]Iwu omenala ndị Igbo nke na-egbochi nwa nwanyị ịnata òkè nke akụ nna ya nwụrụ anwụ na emebi Akụkụ 42 (1) na (2) nke Iwu Naijiria, akụkụ nke ikike bụ isi nke onye ọ bụla Naijiria nwere ikike. Mmetụta na ezighị ezi nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị na amalite n'ụlọ ma na egosipụta ihe na-eme na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu. [12] na abụkarị ndị ikwu kacha nso - nna, ụmụnne, di, na ụmụnne di - ndị na emebi ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ dị mfe, site n'oge a mụrụ ha ruo n'oge uto ha ruo ndụ di na nwunye na ịbụ di ha nwụrụ. N'ihi mkpebi ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria, ọ bụ ihe a na apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'ụlọ ikpe kwesịrị ekwesị ka ewepụ nwanyị na nkewa nke ihe onwunwe nke nwoke nwụrụ n'amaghị ama.

Inye ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria ike n'ọrụ ugbo

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[15] mpaghara Sahara nke Afrịka, isiokwu nke ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị n'inweta akụ na ụba na ihe na arụpụta ihe enwetala nlebara anya dị ukwuu. Ụmụ nwanyị na Naịjirịa na arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta nri na ọrụ ugbo; dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọrụ ugbo na eme n'etiti pasent 70 na 80 nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ha na ahụ maka ọtụtụ mmepụta nri ụlọ, nhazi, ahịa, na nchekwa.

[16][17][18]'adịghị ka ndị nwoke ibe ha, ohere ụmụ nwanyị nwere inweta ihe na arụpụta ihe, gụnyere ụdị mkpụrụ osisi ka mma, ọrụ ndọtị na ntinye ala, dị ka ọtụtụ ọmụmụ si kwuo, ọkachasị na mpaghara Sahara Afrika [19] [20] [21] nwere ohere dị nta maka ala, ụlọ ọrụ akwụmụgwọ, ọzụzụ na ndụmọdụ maka ntinye ugbo, teknụzụ, na mkpuchi ihe ọkụkụ, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu onyinye ha niile nye ngalaba a.

Ihe dị ka 14% nke ala a na eji arụ ọrụ ugbo bụ nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere obere ugbo, ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke gọọmentị na elebara ha anya nke nta n'agbanyeghị ọrụ ha dị mkpa na mmepụta nri. Dabere [21] atụmatụ, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike inye aka nke ukwuu mezuo Ebumnuche mmepe na adịgide adịgide (SDG) 1 (ikpochapụ oke ịda ogbenye na agụụ), ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ohere ịnweta isi obodo, ala, teknụzụ na ntụziaka ọzụzụ dịka ụmụ nwoke. USAID na ekwu na inye ụmụ nwanyị ikike inwe ma jikwaa ala na mmepụta nke ha bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ iji hụ na Naịjirịa nwere nchekwa nri n'ọdịnihu.

Ọtụtụ puku ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọrụ ugbo [22]enweta ngwá ọrụ, ozi, na ihe onwunwe ha chọrọ iji mụbaa ego ha na ndụ ezinụlọ ha na obodo ha n'ihi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Na-azụ Ọdịnihu na Azụmahịa Hub. [23] na-atụ aro ka a na agbakọta nwoke na nwanyị n'Afrịka, gụnyere Naijiria, maka iwu na mmemme ọrụ ugbo maka itinye ego maka nchekwa nri na mmepe na adịgide adịgide, dịka ụmụ nwanyị na achịkwa ma na arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ.

Hụkwa

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Pereira (2009-01-26). "Appropriating 'Gender' and 'Empowerment': The Resignification of Feminist Ideas in Nigeria's Neoliberal Reform Programme1". IDS Bulletin 39 (6): 42–50. DOI:10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00510.x. ISSN 0265-5012. 
  2. ↑ Okemakinde (2014). "Women Education: Implications for National Development in Nigeria". European Journal of Globalization and Development Research 9. ISSN 2220-7414. 
  3. ↑ CHINEKEZI NWAIGWE (1 December 2014). "Education as a Tool for Women Empowerment in Nigeria". Journal of Resourcefulness and Distinction 9. Retrieved on 31 August 2016. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “Browse the Library.” Challenges Facing Women Empowerment in Contemporary Nigeria | Gender Hub, www.genderhub.org/get-in-the-know/resource-library/challenges-facing-women-empowerment-in-contemporary-nigeria/.
  5. ↑ Frazier, Brionne, et al. “Empowering Nigerian Women.” Brown Political Review, 2 May 2016, www.brownpoliticalreview.org/2016/04/empowering-nigerian-women/.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 “The Road to Female Economic Empowerment.” The Republic, 26 February 2017, www.republic.com.ng/vol1-no1/the-road-to-female-economic-empowerment/.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Akudo Chinedu Ojoh (2 September 2013). Empowering Nigerian Women in the 21st Century: Measuring the Gap. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-656-17503-2. 
  8. ↑ Lynne Featherstone. Girls and women are vital to progress in Nigeria. Department for International Development. Retrieved on 8 August 2016.
  9. ↑ Efforts to Empower Women, Initiatives to Promote Sustainable Economic Growth Mutually Reinforcing, Say Third Committee Speakers. United nation. Retrieved on 8 August 2016.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 James A Ojobo (2008). "Education: a catalyst for Women Empowerment in Nigeria". Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences 4 (1): 93–108. DOI:10.4314/ejesc.v4i1.42995. Retrieved on 7 August 2016. 
  11. ↑ Fredrick Nafukho (2005). Foundations of Adult Education in Africa. Pearson South Africa, 94–. ISBN 978-92-820-1121-8. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ajayi (2005). "Violation of Women's Property Rights within the Family". Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity (66): 58–63. ISSN 1013-0950. 
  13. ↑ Nigeria: Supreme Court Invalidates Igbo Customary Law Denying Female Descendants the Right to Inherit. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved on 2023-03-09.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Do Nigerian Women Have The Right To Inherit Properties? (en-US). The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (2022-03-06). Retrieved on 2023-03-09.
  15. ↑ Ashagidigbi (July 2022). "Gender, Empowerment and Food Security Status of Households in Nigeria" (in en). Agriculture 12 (7): 956. DOI:10.3390/agriculture12070956. ISSN 2077-0472. 
  16. ↑ Ogunniyi (June 2017). "Scaling Up Agricultural Innovation for Inclusive Livelihood and Productivity Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Nigeria: Scaling Up Agricultural Innovation" (in en). African Development Review 29 (S2): 121–134. DOI:10.1111/1467-8268.12267. 
  17. ↑ Adebayo (2018). "Impact of irrigation technology use on crop yield, crop income and household food security in Nigeria: A treatment effect approach" (in en). AIMS Agriculture and Food 3 (2): 154–171. DOI:10.3934/agrfood.2018.2.154. ISSN 2471-2086. 
  18. ↑ Aguilar (May 2015). "Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia" (in en). Agricultural Economics 46 (3): 311–334. DOI:10.1111/agec.12167. 
  19. ↑ Quisumbing (2010-04-01). "Promising Approaches to Address the Needs of Poor Female Farmers: Resources, Constraints, and Interventions" (in en). World Development 38 (4): 581–592. DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.10.006. ISSN 0305-750X. 
  20. ↑ Ali (2016-11-01). "Investigating the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Uganda" (in en). World Development 87: 152–170. DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.006. ISSN 0305-750X. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Women Lead Agriculture In Nigeria – CIRDDOC (en-US). Archived from the original on 2023-03-11. Retrieved on 2023-03-11.
  22. ↑ Growing rice, empowering women: Providing tools for Nigerian women rice farmers to prosper | West Africa Regional | News (en). U.S. Agency for International Development (2022-08-24). Retrieved on 2023-03-11.
  23. ↑ Akokuwebe (2021-09-02). "Women development in agriculture as agency for fostering innovative agricultural financing in Nigeria". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21 (7): 18279–18299. DOI:10.18697/ajfand.102.19345. ISSN 1684-5374. 
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