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Ihe nnọchianya nke Mgbukpọ

Ihe nnọchianya mkpochapụ na-anọchite anya egwu nke mkpochapụ holocene n'ụwa; okirikiri na-anọchi anya mbara ala na oge elekere bụ ịdọ aka ná ntị na oge na-agwụ maka ọtụtụ ụdị.[1][2] Ihe nnọchianya ahụ malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'afọ 2012 ma bụrụ nke a na-akpọghị onye na-ese ihe n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ London Goldfrog ESP.[1][3][2] A na-akpọ akara ahụ "ihe ịrịba ama udo nke ọgbọ a".[1] Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eji ya eme ihe, ma tinye ya na ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-emepụta ihe dịka Banksy.[4][5] N'afọ 2019, Victoria na Albert Museum nwetara akara dijitalụ nke akara ahụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi akara ahụ, maka nchịkọta ya na-adịgide adịgide.[6][7][8]

Ihe nnọchianya nke nwere ihe osise X nke saurglass. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ X na-anọchite anya nkeji okwu mbụ nke okwu ahụ bụ "mgbukpọ"
Flag nwere akara mkpochapụ

Onye e nyere ya

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N'afọ 2019, The Guardian kọrọ na "Ebe akara ahụ si bịa bụ ihe omimi".[1][9] The Guardian kwuru na ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ London nke a maara naanị dị ka "ESP" ma ọ bụ "Goldfrog ESP", onye jụrụ ịkpọtụrụ ya ozugbo ma e wezụga site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Extinction Symbol ya, nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-akwado, na mgbasa ozi sara mbara.[1][6][10][11][4][9][7][8][12][13]

N'afọ 2019, New Statesman, kọrọ na mgbe ESP mepụtara akara ahụ na 2011, ọ kpọtụrụ ihe karịrị ìgwè 20 na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi iji kwalite akara ahụ na obere ihe ịga nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, na 2018, Extinction Rebellion (XR) kpọtụrụ ESP banyere nnabata na ojiji nke akara ahụ, [1] na ESP mere ka o doo anya na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Extinction Symbol ya, [2] na akara ahụ nwere onwe ya maka ndị chọrọ iji ya maka ebumnuche na-abụghị azụmahịa.[1][2][9][10] Na Mee 2019, Gail Bradbrook nke XR wepụtara nkwupụta ọha na eze iji mee ka o doo anya na: "Ọ bụghị naanị na XR anaghị akwado ma ọ bụ kwado ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla, ọ na-echetara ha na enweghị ike iji akara mkpochapụ mee ihe maka ebumnuche azụmahịa, gụnyere ịnakọta ego. A gbazinyere XR akara Extinction n'ezi obi site n'aka onye na-ese ihe n'okporo ámá UK ESP.[3]

N'afọ 2019, onye na-ede blọgụ, Jason Kottke, kwuru na usoro ikikere dị n'elu pụtara na ọ bụ ezie na ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịmepụta uwe na akara nke ha site na iji akara ahụ, otu na-enweghị uru enweghị ike ịnakọta ego, ma ọ bụ ọbụna iji akụ na ụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ, iji mepụta ihe maka ire ere na akara ahụ.[14]

Ihe ọ pụtara

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  N'afọ 2019, n'ajụjụ ọnụ e-mail ya na Ecohustler, ESP kwuru ihe ndị a gbasara okike ya: "Na mbido afọ 2011, m na-ese ihe osise na-enweghị isi ma ozugbo m sere akara ahụ, amaara m ihe ọ bụ".[1][2]

ESP kwuru na ha họọrọ okirikiri iji nọchite anya ụwa, na elekere elekere iji nọchiteanya oge ahụ na-agwụ.[10][15][2][12] A na-ahụ myirịta ya na akara udo ojii na ọcha nke Gerald Holtom (ihe nnọchianya nke CND nke nuklia), dịka myirịta ọ na akara Circle-A nke ndị Anarchists ji mee ihe.[16][1] Ndị na-akọwa ihe ndị ọzọ emeela ka "X" pụta ìhè dị ka "ịga-agaghị aga" ma ọ bụ akara nkwụsị.[16]

ESP kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na a na-eme ya, ọ dị mkpa ka a kọwaa ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-asị: "M bidoro site na ịpị ya nnukwu na mgbidi na Brick Lane na ụfọdụ ụmụ nwoke guzo n'ofe okporo ámá na-eme ihe ọchị, na-ajụ m ma ọ bụrụ na echere m na m bụ Banksy ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ. M leghaara ha anya ma gaa n'ihu. Mgbe ahụ ha malitere ịchọ ịmata ihe ọ pụtara ma otu onye kwuru "X na-egosi ebe ahụ", mgbe ahụ enyi ya kwuru "Ee e, oge agwụla". M tụgharịrị ma kwuo "Ee!!"[2]

Ojiji

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Mkpesa

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Nnupụisi Mgbukpọ, London (2019)

Ihe nnọchianya ahụ bịara pụta ìhè mgbe otu ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi Extinction Rebellion (XR) jiri ya mee ihe na ngagharị iwe gburugburu ụwa site na 2018 gaa n'ihu.[2][10][17][18] A na-awụnye akara mkpochapụ ahụ na ágbá a na-ewepụ apụ n'ụlọ gọọmentị n'oge ngagharị iwe gburugburu ebe obibi na United Kingdom, na ebe ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe na Europe.[19][20][13] N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, The Guardian kọwara akara ahụ dị ka "ihe ịrịba ama udo nke ọgbọ a".[1]

Na Glastonbury Festival 2019, ihe karịrị mmadụ 2,000 bịara ememme ahụ mepụtara ụdị mmadụ nke akara mkpochapụ ahụ.[21] N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, BBC News kọrọ banyere nnukwu akara mkpocha, ebe XR kwuru ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ yiri nke akara mkpochapụ gburugburu ụwa.[22][23] N'ọnwa Ọktoba, e debere akara mkpochapụ nwa oge nke e ji T-shirts mee na akụkọ ihe mere eme Alton Barnes White Horse.[24]

Ihe osise

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  Extinction Rebellion (XR) ejirila ndị na-emepụta ihe n'èzí na n'ime iji mepụta akara mkpochapụ n'ọtụtụ ụdị site na iji mmụọ sitere na Situationist International movement nke afọ 1960.[11][4]

Onye Britain na-ese ihe, Carrie Reichardt, gosipụtara akara ahụ na 2016 nke akpọrọ Bees.[2][5] Extinction Gong bụ ihe osise nke Crystelle Vu na Julian Oliver nke gosipụtara akara ahụ dị ka ihe dị n'etiti; ọ bụ akụkụ nke 2018 Disappearing Legacies: The World as Forest exhibition na Berlin.[25]

N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, otu ihe e kwuru na ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe Banksy na Marble Arch na London, gosipụtara nwatakịrị na-ejide akara mkpochapụ.[26][5]

N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, Victoria na Albert Museum nwetara ọtụtụ ihe ochie na-egosipụta akara ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke nchịkọta ya na-adịgide adịgide na-ekwu, sị: "Site na nnabata ya (na ikike) nke akara mkpochapụ a ma ama nke mbụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'okporo ámá London bụ ESP mepụtara na 2011 ruo na ụcha ya dị oke ma "na-agba agba" na okwu ndị e ji nlezianya dee, o kwuru na otu ahụ ejirila imewe mee ihe iji kpalie nchegbu maka ọnọdụ ihu igwe mberede".[6][7][8]

Hụkwa

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  • Ihe nnọchianya nke ndị na-enweghị nchịkwa
  • Oge Ikpeazụ
  • Ihe osise gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi
  • Ihe nnọchianya udo
  • Ihe omume mkpochapụ
  • Ndepụta nke ihe omume mkpochapụ

Ihe edeturu

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Templeeti:Notelist

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Steve Rose (16 April 2019). How the symbol for extinction became this generation's peace sign. Retrieved on 26 March 2019. “Having offered the use of the symbol to major environmental groups and received little response, ESP began putting posters and tiles of the symbol on walls around east London himself. XR contacted ESP last year. On his website, ESP makes the extinction symbol freely available to those who wish to use it, but makes it clear that it has always been an anti-consumerist project.”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Webster. "The origins and rise of the Extinction Symbol", EcoHustler, 9 April 2019. Retrieved on 7 June 2019. “Extinction Symbol was created eight years ago, in 2011, by an East London artist known as "ESP".”
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gail Bradbrook (27 May 2019). XR Business: Public Correction. Extinction Rebellion. Retrieved on 10 June 2019. “Not only does XR not support or endorse any corporations, it reminds them that the Extinction Symbol ⧖⃝ may never be used for commercial purposes, including fundraising. The Extinction Symbol is loaned in good faith to XR by UK street artist ESP.”
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 THE ART OF LONDON'S CLIMATE CHANGE PROTESTS IS AN HOMAGE TO THE 1968 PARIS RIOTS. Quartz (publication) (17 April 2019). Retrieved on 7 June 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Banksy Extinction Rebellion Street Art appears at Marble Arch. Inspiring City (29 April 2019). Retrieved on 9 June 2019. “The symbol itself having first being designed in 2011 by the artist ESP. Now used as a rallying banner. It was adopted in 2018 as the symbol for the mass movement which has grown exponentially over the past year. We saw it for the first time in 2016. Created by Carrie Reichardt as a giant mosaic as part of the ENDANGERED13 event on the arches next to the Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park. Banksy’s use in this latest work is another powerful affirmation that the symbol is here to stay.”
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Esther Addley. "V&A to display collection of Extinction Rebellion artefacts", The Guardian, 26 July 2019. Retrieved on 27 July 2019. “From its adoption (with permission) of the highly recognisable extinction symbol first designed in 2011 by the London street artist ESP to its limited but “punchy” colour palette and carefully worded slogans, she said the group had used design to galvanise concern for the climate emergency.”
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lucy Mapstone (26 July 2019). Extinction Rebellion designs to go on display at V&A. Retrieved on 27 July 2019. “The items range from the open-source Extinction Rebellion Symbol created by street artist ESP in 2011 and adopted by the group in 2018, to the declaration used at their first act of rebellion.”
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Emily Dixon. Designing a movement -- Extinction Rebellion climate protest artifacts to go on display at London's V&A. CNN News. Retrieved on 27 July 2019. “The V&A also acquired a digital file of the movement's logo, the Extinction Symbol, initially designed by the East London artist ESP and subsequently assumed by Extinction Rebellion.”
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Andrew Osmond (31 May 2019). Three symbols of peace and protest. SOAS University of London. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved on 9 June 2019. “Although the Extinction Rebellion logo is well-known, the identity of the artist behind it is shrouded in a Banksy-style cloak of mystery. [..] The symbol’s creator, known only as ESP––Extinction Symbol Person perhaps?”
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Emily Gosling (16 April 2019). EXTINCTION REBELLION ON ITS STRIKING PROTEST GRAPHICS. Retrieved on 10 June 2019. “The designer of the hourglass symbol, which existed prior to the formation of Extinction Rebellion, also wishes to remain anonymous (he signs off his email simply with "Goldfrog ESP"). "The symbol represents extinction," says the unnamed designer on the dedicated symbol site. "The circle signifies the planet, while the hourglass inside serves as a warning that time is rapidly running out for many species."”
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 India Block (19 April 2019). Extinction Rebellion uses bold graphics in protest against climate change. Retrieved on 7 June 2019. “The Extinction Rebellion logo is created by a designer who wishes to remain anonymous, communicating only through the Extinction Symbol website.”
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Le Figaro Premium (28 April 2019). [TRANSLATED IN IMAGE - Climate: Where does the logo of the collective Extinction Rebellion come from?]. Retrieved on 17 June 2019. “Created in 2011 by a London-based artist, a certain Goldfrog ESP, the "symbol of extinction" consists of an hourglass inserted in a circle, the latter representing the Earth. The message is clear: time is running out to prevent species from disappearing because of climate change.”
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Laurent Antonoff (19 May 2019). [TRANSLATED Lausanne: A strange tag welcomes voters to the Louve]. Retrieved on 17 June 2019. “Le sigle au sablier a été créé en 2011 par un artiste basé à Londres, Goldfrog ESP”
  14. ↑ Jason Kottke (23 April 2019). The Extinction Symbol. Kotte.org. Retrieved on 14 June 2019.
  15. ↑ The Extinction Symbol. Logo Design Love (20 April 2019). Retrieved on 7 June 2019. “The circle represents earth, while the stylised hourglass signifies that time’s running out.”
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 PK Read (March 2018). EMBRACING THE LONG GOODBYE: THE ART OF GRIEF ENVIRONMENTALISM. Litro. Retrieved on 15 June 2019.
  17. ↑ Clifton. "Police make 14 arrests after thousands of activists descend on London", Evening Standard, 24 November 2018. Retrieved on 26 March 2019. (in en) “Extinction Rebellion said one activist was arrested for spray-painting the extinction symbol on the grounds in front of the palace.”
  18. ↑ Osborne. "9 arrested for 'die-in' protest at Rockefeller Center ice skating rink", ABC7 Chicago, 27 January 2019. Retrieved on 28 March 2019. (in en) “The protesters formed an hourglass logo with a circle around it -- the group's logo.”
  19. ↑ Gayle. "Climate activists glue hands to UK government building in new protest", The Guardian, 12 November 2018. Retrieved on 7 June 2019. “One protester climbed above the revolving doors of the main entrance of the building in Westminster and wrote "frack off" in black spray paint, and another sprayed the extinction symbol in red on windows facing traffic on Victoria Street.”
  20. ↑ Gayle. "Social media influencer urges young people to protest over environment", The Guardian, 14 November 2018. Retrieved on 15 April 2019.
  21. ↑ Frances Perraudin. "Extinction Rebellion highlight climate emergency at Glastonbury", The Guardian, 27 June 2019. Retrieved on 6 July 2019.
  22. ↑ "Giant crop circle near WOMAD highlights climate change", BBC News, 26 July 2019. Retrieved on 28 July 2019.
  23. ↑ Monday 29 July: Giant Extinction Symbols appear around the world. Extinction Rebellion (29 July 2019). Retrieved on 29 July 2019. “Extinction Symbol creator ESP explains: "The symbol represents an hourglass and the planet. It exists to draw attention to the Ecological Crisis, specifically the current mass species extinction event and climate breakdown. Please use it freely on a non-commercial basis."”
  24. ↑ Extinction Rebellion logo appears on historic Wiltshire white horse. ITV (7 October 2019). Retrieved on 8 October 2019.
  25. ↑ Valentine. "Memorializing the Accelerating Loss of Planetary Life", Hyperallergic, 19 July 2018. Retrieved on 26 March 2019. “Taking the form of a Chao Gong with the earth-and-hourglass extinction symbol on the front, "Extinction Gong," (2017) by Crystelle Vu and Julian Oliver, crashes to the tragic tune of the current, highly accelerated global species extinction rate.”
  26. ↑ Lanre Bakare (26 April 2019). London Extinction Rebellion mural is a Banksy, says expert. Retrieved on 9 June 2019.

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Extinction Symbol, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke onye na-ese ihe na-ekwu na ọ bụ ya kere
  • Nkọwa na mmalite nke akara mkpochapụ, Brut (média) (April 2019)
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