Ihe igwe ihe

Igwe ihe igwe bụ ngwaọrụ, na-abụkarị ihe owuwu, igwe ma ọ bụ ngwa kichin, nke na-agbajisị ihe siri ike n'ime obere iberibe site n'igweri, gwepịa ma ọ bụ ịkpụ. Nkwubi okwu dị otú ahụ bụ otu ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ usoro. Enwere ụdị igwe igwe dị iche iche na ọtụtụ ụdị ihe eji arụ ọrụ n'ime ha. A na-eji aka ma ọ bụ anụmanụ na-arụ ọrụ igwe igwe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na crank), anụmanụ na-arụ ọrụ (dịka igwe igwe igwe), ifufe (igwe igwe) ma ọ bụ mmiri (igwe igwe). N'oge a, a na-ejikarị ọkụ eletrik eme ha.

Egweri ihe ndị siri ike na-eme site n'ike ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke na-agbaji ihe owuwu ahụ site n'imeri ike njikọ nke ime. Mgbe egweri ala nke ihe siri ike gbanwere: nha ọka, ọdịdị nke ọka na ọdịdị ọka.

Milling na-ezokwa aka na usoro ịkụda, ikewapụ, nha, ma ọ bụ nhazi ihe mkpokọta (dịka ọmụmaatụ). Dịka ọmụmaatụ ịkụpịa nkume ma ọ bụ na-egweri iji mepụta nha mkpokọta otu maka ebumnuche owuwu, ma ọ bụ nkewa okwute, ala ma ọ bụ ihe mkpokọ maka ebumnuche nke njuputa nhazi ma ọ bụ ihe nrụpụta ala. A na-ejikwa usoro egwe ọka ekpochapụ ma ọ bụ kewapụ mmetọ ma ọ bụ mmiri sitere na mkpokọta ma ọ bụ ala na imepụta "ihe njuju akọrọ" tupu ebuga ma ọ bụ njuputa nhazi.

Igwe ihe nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ndị a na injinia:

mmụba nke elu nke ihe siri ike
imepụta ihe siri ike nke nwere oke ọka achọrọ
ịpịpụta ihe onwunwe

Iwu igwe nri

N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ na ubi nke fracture atụmatụ ọ dịghị usoro mara nke na-ejikọ na teknuzu egweri ọrụ na-egweri pụta. Ndị injinia na-egwupụta akụ, Peter von Rittinger, Friedrich Kick na Fred Chester Bond wepụtara onwe ha nha nha iji kọọ ọrụ egweri dị mkpa na nha ọka emepụtara yana injinia nke anọ, R.T.Hukki tụrụ aro na nha atọ ndị a nwere ike ịkọwa oke nha ọka dị warara wee tụọ aro. na-ejikọta ha n'otu akụkụ nke na-akọwa ihe a bịara mara dị ka mmekọrịta Hukki. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

N'ime ihe igwe ihe, mmekọrịta Hukki anaghị arụ ọrụ kama, a ga-eme nnwale iji chọpụta mmekọrịta ọ bụla.^[4]

Iji nyochaa nsonaazụ igwe, a chọrọ nhazi nke ihe isi (1) na nke ihe ala (2) dị mkpa. Degree igwe bụ oke nke nha site na nhazi ọka. E nwere ọtụtụ nkọwa maka uru a:

d igwe na-ezo aka na nha ọka d₈₀

Z_{d}={\frac {d_{80,1}}{d_{80,2}}}\,

Kama uru nke d nwekwara ike iji d ma ọ bụ diamita ọka ndị ọzọ.

Ọdịdị igwe na-ezo aka n'elu ihe a kapịrị ọnụ

Z_{S}={\frac {S_{v,2}}{S_{v,1}}}={\frac {S_{m,2}}{S_{m,1}}}\,

Enwere ike ịchọta _m elu nke na-ezo aka na mpịakọta S na mpaghara elu nke a na-ezo Aka na oke S site na nnwale.

Ọdịdị a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ

Z_{a}={\frac {d_{1}}{a}}\,

A na-eji oghere a nke igwe igwe igwe maka ihe siri ike n'ala na usoro a.

Faịlụ:Simple Grinding Forces.png

Igwe igwe igwe

N'ime nhazi ihe, onye na-egwe ihe bụ igwe maka ịmepụta mbelata nke nha nke ọma site na nkwụsị na ike mkpakọ na ọnwụ ọka. Hụkwa crusher maka usoro na-emepụta ụmụ irighiri ihe buru ibu. N'ozuzu, usoro igwe na-achọ ike buru ibu; n'ihi nke a, a tụpụtara usoro nnwale iji tụọ ike eji eme ihe n'ógbè ahụ n'oge igwe dị iche iche na-egwe ihe. ^[5]

Ihe igwe ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya

A na-akpọ ihe igwe ihe na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'ihi na ọ na-egwe ihe n'onwe ya: drum na-agbagharị na-atụba nnukwu nkume ore na mmegharị nke na-akpata mgbawa nke nnukwu nkume na mkpakọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe. Ọ dị ka ihe igwe ihe SAG dị ka akọwapụtara n'okpuru ebe a mana ọ naghị eji bọọlụ ígwè eme ihe na ihe igwe ihe. A makwaara ya dị ka ROM ma ọ bụ "Run Of Mine".

Ọrụ nke ihe igwe bọọlụ

Ihe igwe ihe

Otu ụdị igwe nri dị mma bụ ihe igwe bọọlụ. A na-ejupụta cylinder na-agbagharị ma ọ bụ na-agba gburugburu na bọọlụ, na-abụkarị nkume ma ọ bụ ígwè, nke na-egwe ihe ruo n'ókè dị mkpakọ site na ịfụkọta na imetụta bọọlụ na-agbapụ. Ihe igwe bọọlụ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe dịka ụgwọ bọọlụ nke 30%. A na-eji obere (n'iji ya tụnyere) n'obosara na ogologo ogologo mara ihe igwe ihe bọọlụ, ọ na-enwekarị ogologo 1.5 ruo 2.5 ugboro n'obobosara. Nri dị n'otu nsọtụ nke cylinder na mgbapụta dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. A na-ejikarị ihe igwe bọl eme ihe n'imepụta Ciment Portland na usoro igwe dị mma nke nhazi mineral. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere ike ịdị ukwuu dị ka 8.5 m (28 ft) n'obosara na 22 MW motor, na-adọta ihe dịka 0.0011% nke ike ụwa niile (lee Ndepụta nke mba site na ọkụ eletrik).^[6] Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ịchọta obere ụdị nke ihe igwe bọọlụ na ụlọ nyocha ebe a na-eji ha eme ihe maka ịcha ihe nnwale maka nkwenye dị mma.

Amụma ike maka ihe igwe bọọlụ na-ejikarị ụdị ndị a nke usoro Bond: ^[7]

E=10W\left({\frac {1}{\sqrt {P_{80}}}}-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {F_{80}}}}\right)\,

E bụ ike (kilowatt-awa kwa metric ma ọ bụ obere tọn)
W bụ ndepụta ọrụ a tụrụ na ụlọ nyocha bọọlụ (kilowatt-awa kwa metric ma ọ bụ obere tọn)
P₈₀ bụ nha ngwaahịa circuit nke igwe na micrometers
F₈₀ bụ nha nri circuit nke igwe na micrometers.

Ihe igwe ihe Buhrstone

Ụdị ọzọ dị mma a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ihe igwe ihe buhrstone nke France, nke yiri ihe igwe ihe ntụ ọka ochie.

Mkpịsị ugodi dị elu

Nnukwu nrụgide igwe, nke a na-akpọkarị HPGRs ma ọ bụ roller press, nwere rollers abụọ nwere otu akụkụ, nke na-agbagharị megide ibe ya n'otu ọsọ gburugburu. Nri pụrụ iche nke ihe buru ibu site na hopper na-eduga n'ihe ndina dị n'etiti rollers abụọ ahụ. Ndị na-ebugharị otu roller nwere ike ịkwaga n'ahịrị ma na-agbanye ya na ihe ndina site na isi iyi ma ọ bụ cylinders hydraulic. Mmetụta dị n'elu ihe karịrị 50 MPa (7,000 PSI). N'ozuzu ha na-enweta 100 ruo 300 MPa. Site na nke a, a na-ejikọta ihe ndina ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe karịrị 80%.

Mmetụta siri ike na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'ime ihe mkpakọ ahụ gbajie n'ime ụmụ irighari dị mma ma na-akpatakwa microfracturing na ọkwa ọka. N'iji ya tụnyere ihe igwe bọọlụ, HPGRs na-enweta 30 ruo 50% dị ala karịa ike a kapịrị ọnụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị dị ka ihe igwe bọl ebe ọ bụ na ha bụ teknụzụ ọhụrụ.

Ụdị ihe yiri nke ahụ dị n'etiti bụ onye na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ, nke nwere pan dị gburugburu nke nwere ụkwụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa dị arọ a maara dị ka mullers na-agbagharị n'ime ya; a na-akwagharị ihe a ga-egbutu n'okpuru ụkwụ site na iji blades agbakwunyere.

Ihe igwe ihe

Ogwe na-agbagharị agbagharị na-akpata mkpakọ na mkpụmkpụ n'etiti nkume nkume na ihe ndị dị n'ime. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe ebe a ga-ezere mmetọ ngwaahịa site na ígwè site na bọọlụ ígwè. A na-ejikarị quartz ma ọ bụ silica eme ihe n'ihi na ọ dị ọnụ ala inweta.

Ihe igwe ihe

Ogwe na-agbagharị agbagharị na-akpata mkpakọ na mkpụmkpụ n'etiti osisi ígwè na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala. ^{[citation needed]} Mana a na-ejikwa okwu ahụ bụ 'ihe igwe ihe' mee ihe dị ka otu okwu maka ihe igwe ihe, nke na-eme osisi ígwè ma ọ bụ ígwè ndị ọzọ. Ihe igwe ihe osisi anaghị adịkarị karịa ihe igwe ihe bọl maka igweri mineral.

Ogwe ndị a na-eji eme ihe n'ihe igwe ihe, nke na-abụkarị ígwè carbon dị elu, nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na ogologo na dayameta. Otú ọ dị, ka obere osisi, ka ibu bụ mpaghara elu ya ma ya mere, ka arụmọrụ igwe dị ukwuu.^[8]

Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ SAG Mill

Ihe igwe ihe SAG

SAG bụ aha mkpirisi maka igwe ihe na-enweghị isi. Ihe igwe ihe SAG bụ ihe igwe ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya nke na-ejikwa bọọlụ igwe dị ka ihe igwe ihe bọọlụ. Ihe igwe ihe SAG na-abụkarị ihe igwe ihe bụ isi ma ọ bụ nke mbụ. SAG mills na-eji ụgwọ bọọlụ nke 8 ruo 21%. ^[9]^[10] Ihe igwe ihe SAG kachasị ukwuu bụ 42' (12.8m) n'obosara, nke 28 MW (38,000 HP) motor kwadoro.^[11] E mepụtara ihe igwe ihe SAG nke nwere 44' (13.4m) n'obosara na ike nke 35 MW (47,000 HP).^[12]

Mmetụta dị n'etiti bọl ndị na-egweri egweri na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala na-akpata ịcha ihe ndị dị mma. A na-eji nnukwu obosara na ogologo dị mkpirikpi mara ihe igwe ihe SAG ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe igwe ihe bọọlụ. A na-etinye efere na-ebuli elu n'ime ihe igwe ihe iji bulie ihe dị n'ime ebe igwe ihe ahụ, ebe ọ na-ada na efere ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ihe igwe ihe SAG eme ihe na ọlaedo, ọla kọpa na platinum na ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ na-edu, zinc, ọlaọcha, alumina na nickel.

Ihe igwe ihe ụlọ elu

Ụlọ igwe ihe, nke a na-akpọkarị ụlọ igwe ihe kwụ ọtọ, ụlọ igwe ihe a na-akwagharị akwagharị ma ọ bụ ụlọ igwe ihe regrind, bụ ụzọ dị irè nke igwe ihe na obere nha, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe mgbe igwe ihe bọl gasịrị na usoro igwe ihe. Dị ka ihe igwe ihe bọọlụ, a na-agbakwunye bọọlụ (steel) ma ọ bụ nkume na ihe igwe ihe a na-akwagharị iji nyere aka igwe ihe, agbanyeghị ihe igwe ihe ndị a nwere nnukwu screwdriver a na-etinye n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ iji bulie ma igwe ihe. N'ime ụlọ igwe ihe ụlọ elu, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-eme dị ka ọ dị na igwe igwe igwe ihe. A na-ahụkarị ihe igwe ihe na-acha uhie uhie maka ịgwakọta quicklime (CaO) n'ime lime slurry. E nwere ọtụtụ uru na ụlọ elu ahụ: obere mkpọtụ, iji ike eme ihe nke ọma, na ọnụ ala ọrụ.

Ihe igwe ihe dị n'elu tebụl

Ihe igwe ihe na-emetụta oghere kwụ ọtọ (VSI mill)

Ihe igwe ihe VSI na-atụfu nkume ma ọ bụ ore particles na plate na-emebi emebi site na ịpị ha site na etiti na-agbagharị na oghere kwụ ọtọ. Ụdị igwe a na-eji otu ụkpụrụ ahụ dị ka onye na-egbutu VSI.

Ụdị igwe igwe ihe

Ihe igwe ihe ikuku dị na Kuremaa, Jõgeva County, Estonia

Ihe igwe ihe dị na Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia, Finland

Ihe igwe ifufe, nke ikuku na-enye
Ihe igwe ihe mmiri, nke mmiri na-enye
Ihe igwe ịnyịnya, nke anụmanụ na-enye ike
Treadwheel, nke mmadụ kwadoro (archaic: "treadmill")
Ihe igwe ụgbọ mmiri, ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri n'akụkụ osimiri ma ọ bụ àkwà mmiri
Arrastra, ihe igwe ihe dị mfe maka igwu na ịfụcha (nke a na-ahụkarị) ọlaedo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha.
Roller mill, ngwá ọrụ maka ịcha ma ọ bụ ịfụcha ọka na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na-eji cylinders
Stamp mill, igwe pụrụ iche maka ibelata ore ka ọ bụrụ ntụ maka nhazi ọzọ ma ọ bụ maka ịgbaji ihe ndị ọzọ
Ebe azụmahịa maka imepụta ihe eji emepụta ihe. A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepe na mmalite nke mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ mmefu na-eji mmiri eme ihe, mana n'oge a, a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ole na ole; dịka ọmụmaatụ,
- Ihe igwe nri na-emepụta tanbark maka ebe a na-esiji akpụkpọ anụ
- Ihe igwe cider na-egwepịa apụl iji nye cider
- Gristmill na-egweri ọka n'ime ntụ ọka
- Ihe igwe mmanụ, lee mpempe akwụkwọ, extrusion
- Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ na-emepụta mpempe akwụkwọ
- Sawmill na-egbutu osisi
- Ihe igwe ihe
- Ihe igwe ihe na-emepụta ígwè
- Ihe igwe shuga (nke a na-akpọkwa ụlọ nrụpụta shuga) na-edozi sugar beets ma ọ bụ okpete n'ime ngwaahịa dị iche iche a rụchara arụcha
- Ihe igwe ákwà
  - Ihe igwe ákwà silk, maka ákwà
  - Ihe igwe ákwà flax, maka flax
  - Ihe owuwu owuwe ihe ubi
- A na-eji Huller (nke a na-akpọkwa ihe igwe osikapa, ma ọ bụ ihe osikapa) eme ihe maka mkpuchi osikapa
- Ihe igwe ihe na-emepụta ntụ na-emepụta ọkụ

Hụkwa

Ebem si dee

↑ Lynch (2005). "Chapter 2. The Science and the Scientists", The History of Grinding. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. ISBN 978-0-87335-238-3. Retrieved on 2022-10-04.
↑ A. Jankovic (March 2010). "Relationships between comminution energy and product size for a magnetite ore". The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 110.
↑ Hukki (1961). Proposal for Solomonic settlement between theories of Rittinger, Kick, and Bond. scribd.com.
↑ Thomas (1999). "Fractures, fractals and breakage energy of mineral particles". International Journal of Mineral Processing 57 (4). DOI:10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00029-0.
↑ Baron (2005). "Radicalar probes to measure the action of energy on granular materials". Advanced Powder Technology 16 (3). DOI:10.1163/1568552053750242.
↑ ABB. ABB Communications. ABB Communications. Archived from the original on 2017-02-21. Retrieved on 2024-08-09.
↑ Mineral Beneficiation – The Third Theory of Comminution – Document Summary. Onemine.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-09.
↑ Wills (2006). Mineral Processing Technology: An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. ISBN 0750644508.
↑ Strohmayr, S. and Valery, W. Jr. SAG mill circuit optimisation at Ernest Henry Mining. ResearchGate.net
↑ Mular, Andrew L. (2002). Mineral Processing Plant Design, Practice, and Control: Proceedings. SME, 2369–. ISBN 978-0-87335-223-9. Retrieved on 26 October 2012.
↑ van de Vijfeijken, Maarten (October 2010). "Mills and GMDs". International Mining.
↑ Gearless mill drives. abb.com

[LynchRowland2005ch2-1] Lynch (2005). "Chapter 2. The Science and the Scientists", The History of Grinding. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. ISBN 978-0-87335-238-3. Retrieved on 2022-10-04.

[2] A. Jankovic (March 2010). "Relationships between comminution energy and product size for a magnetite ore". The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 110.

[3] Hukki (1961). Proposal for Solomonic settlement between theories of Rittinger, Kick, and Bond. scribd.com.

[4] Thomas (1999). "Fractures, fractals and breakage energy of mineral particles". International Journal of Mineral Processing 57 (4). DOI:10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00029-0.

[5] Baron (2005). "Radicalar probes to measure the action of energy on granular materials". Advanced Powder Technology 16 (3). DOI:10.1163/1568552053750242.

[6] ABB. ABB Communications. ABB Communications. Archived from the original on 2017-02-21. Retrieved on 2024-08-09.

[onemine1-7] Mineral Beneficiation – The Third Theory of Comminution – Document Summary. Onemine.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-09.

[8] Wills (2006). Mineral Processing Technology: An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. ISBN 0750644508.

[9] Strohmayr, S. and Valery, W. Jr. SAG mill circuit optimisation at Ernest Henry Mining. ResearchGate.net

[10] Mular, Andrew L. (2002). Mineral Processing Plant Design, Practice, and Control: Proceedings. SME, 2369–. ISBN 978-0-87335-223-9. Retrieved on 26 October 2012.

[11] van de Vijfeijken, Maarten (October 2010). "Mills and GMDs". International Mining.

[12] Gearless mill drives. abb.com

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