Wikipedia

Ihe atụ nke agha na ọrịa kansa


A na-ejikarị ihe atụ agha akọwa ahụmahụ mmadụ nwere kansa. A na-ekwu na ndị nwụrụ anwụ anwụ anwụọla "ọgụ ha na ọrịa kansa", ebe a na-akọwa ndị dị ndụ dị ka "ịlụ ọgụ na ọrịa kansa".

Ọ bụ ezie na iji ihe atụ eme ihe nwere ike inyere ndị dọkịta aka ịkọwa ọrịa kansa n'ụzọ ndị ọrịa ghọtara, a rụrụ ụka na okwu ndị dị ka "agha" na "ịlụ ọgụ" adịghị mma, ebe ha na-atụ aro na enwere ike imeri ọrịa kansa ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-alụ ọgụ siri ike. [1] [2][3]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme dezie

E dekọrọ iji ihe atụ agha na agha mee ihe na ọgwụ laa azụ na 1600s.[4] N'ime narị afọ nke 20, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị "kwupụtara agha" megide ọrịa kansa, Ọrịa shuga, Ọrịa AIDS, na oke ibu.[1][4]

Ihe atụ ndị agha abụghị ihe dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ. A na-ejikwa okwu agha mee ihe na Ọgwụ ọdịnala ndị China. N'ụzọ dị iche, na mpaghara Sahara Africa, a na-ahụ ọrịa dị ka akụkụ nke ndụ nke kwesịrị ịnabata, ọ bụghị ịlụ ọgụ.[4]

Ojiji dezie

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị dọkịta, ndị ọrịa, na ọha na eze na-ejikarị ihe atụ agha eme ihe.[5]

Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2010 chọpụtara na ndị dọkịta na-ejikọta ihe atụ na nghọta ka mma nke ndị ọrịa.[6]

A na-ejikarị ahịrịokwu ahụ eme ihe mgbe mmadụ nwụrụ, ọ pụkwara ịpụta na obituaries. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwupụta sitere n'aka onye mgbasa ozi Victoria Wood n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2016 kwuru na Wood "gafere, mgbe obere ọgụ ma nwee obi ike na ọrịa kansa gasịrị". [7] [8] Na Disemba 2016, Sky News kọwara onye nta akụkọ A.A. Gill dị ka onye nwụrụ mgbe "ọgụ dị mkpirikpi na ọrịa kansa" gasịrị.[9]

Nnyocha na 2014 nke Elena Semino, prọfesọ nke asụsụ na Mahadum Lancaster, duziri, ya na ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka nlekọta palliative, dabere na okwu nde 1.5 nke mkparịta ụka, mere ka Semino kwuo, "Anyị nwere ihe akaebe zuru ezu iji tụọ aro na ihe atụ agha dị njọ maka ndị mmadụ zuru ezu na ekwesighi ịmanye ha onye ọ bụla". Nnyocha ahụ kwuru na ndị dọkịta kwesịrị izere ihe atụ agha / ọgụ ọ gwụla ma ndị ọrịa n'onwe ha họọrọ iji ha mee ihe, na obituaries kwesịrị izere ha, ọkachasị echiche nke "ịla" agha / ọgụ dị otú ahụ. Site n'iji ya tụnyere, ihe atụ ọzọ a na-ahụkarị, iji kansa tụnyere "njem" bụ "ihe na-adịchaghị mkpali ịkpata obi amamikpe ma ọ bụ ọdịda".[10] N'otu nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2003 kwuru na okwu metụtara agha iji kọwaa Ọrịa kansa ara ha nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ịda mbà n'obi na "ndụ dị njọ".[11]

N'otu edemede nke afọ 2014 na The Guardian nke akpọrọ "Ịbụ na ọrịa kansa abụghị ọgụ ma ọ bụ agha", dọkịta Kate Granger, onye a chọpụtara na ọ nwere akpụ nke obere mkpụrụ ndụ desmoplastic (ụdị sarcoma), na-akọwa etu o si eji asụsụ ndị agha, ebe ikekwe na-achọ ịkụnye mmetụta nke ịdị mma, nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị iche.[12]

Nkatọ dezie

Ojiji nke ihe atụ agha nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ maka ndị ọrịa. Ndị ọrịa na-eche na ọgwụgwọ siri ike karị mgbe a kọwara ha site na iji ihe atụ ime ihe ike.[6] Ihe atụ ndị a nwekwara ike ibute mmetụta nke enweghị ike, obi amamikpe, na akara aka.[1] Otu nnyocha chọpụtara na ojiji nke ihe atụ agha na ahụike ọha na eze na-ebelata itinye aka na omume mgbochi ọrịa kansa.[13] Nkatọ ọzọ a na-ahụkarị maka iji ihe atụ a bụ na mgbe ndị ọrịa nwụrụ, ihe na-egosi bụ na ha alụghị ọgụ nke ọma, ma ọ bụrụ na ha lụọ ọgụ siri ike, ha gaara enwe mmeri. [1][14] A tụwo aro okwu ahụ bụ "njem na ọrịa kansa" iji dochie ihe atụ agha n'ihi enyemaka na anya nke ọrịa ahụ na ịdị nro maka ndị ọrịa.[15]

Sick Kids Hospital na Canada mefuru $ 2 nde na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi na-egosi ụmụaka dị ka ndị agha yi uwe agha. Nke a dọtara esemokwu ma ụfọdụ katọrọ ya dị ka ọ naghị egosi ezi ahụmịhe ụmụaka nwere ọrịa siri ike. [6] [16] [17][14] A na-akpọ otu ọrụ ebere Cyclists Fighting Cancer ma kọwaa nri dị ka "ịlụso ọrịa kansa ọgụ". [18][19] Mgbe ọnwụ Robin Gibb gasịrị, onye lanarịrị ọrịa kansa Jenni Murray katọrọ ndị mgbasa ozi maka iji 'okwu mgbochi' na-arụ ụka 'RIP Robin Gibb na nkwenye na ọ dọtara obere ahịhịa nke ọrịa siri ike'.[20]

Ọrịa ndị ọzọ dezie

A na-eji echiche nke "agha na..." mee ihe na ahịrịokwu ndị yiri ya dịka "agha na ịda mbà n'obi".[21]

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta banyere HIV na-ejikarị ihe atụ agha eme ihe.   [citation needed] Ụfọdụ ndị na-akọwa ihe akatọwokwa ojiji nke okwu agha na agha nke ọrịa HIV / AIDS. [22]

Ojiji nke ihe atụ agha gbasara n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, nke a kọwara ndị ọrụ ahụike dị ka "ndị dike nwere obi ike", na ndị coronavirus metụtara dị ka "ụmụ mmadụ".[6]

Hụkwa dezie

  • Okwu Mma
  • "Illness as Metaphor," edemede nke Susan Sontag na-akatọ ụdị asụsụ a

Ihe odide dezie

  1. ↑ Stating a Person Lost Her/His Battle with Cancer Is Insulting | Nancy's Point. Nancyspoint.com (17 February 2015). Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  2. ↑ Cancer is an illness, not a battle. Dying Matters (20 May 2013). Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  3. ↑ Stop Using The Phrase "Someone Lost Their Battle With Cancer". Chicagonow.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Nie (October 2016). "Healing Without Waging War: Beyond Military Metaphors in Medicine and HIV Cure Research". The American Journal of Bioethics 16 (10): 3–11. DOI:10.1080/15265161.2016.1214305. ISSN 1526-5161. PMID 27653388. 
  5. ↑ Marron (31 July 2020). "Waging War on War Metaphors in Cancer and COVID-19". JCO Oncology Practice 16 (10): 624–627. DOI:10.1200/OP.20.00542. PMID 32735509. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Marron (31 July 2020). "Waging War on War Metaphors in Cancer and COVID-19". JCO Oncology Practice 16 (10): 624–627. DOI:10.1200/OP.20.00542. ISSN 2688-1527. PMID 32735509. 
  7. ↑ Leon Watson. "Comedian Victoria Wood dies aged 62 after short cancer battle", The Telegraph, Telegraph.co.uk, 20 April 2016. Retrieved on 17 April 2017.
  8. ↑ Heather Saul (20 April 2016). Victoria Wood dead: Comedian and actress dies from cancer aged 62. The Independent. Retrieved on 17 April 2017.
  9. ↑ Restaurant critic AA Gill dies aged 62 after short fight with cancer. Sky News, 11 December 2016. 11 December 2016.
  10. ↑ Charlie Cooper. "Mind your language: 'Battling' cancer metaphors can make terminally ill patients worse | Health News | Lifestyle", The Independent, 3 November 2014. Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  11. ↑ Degner (June 2003). "A New Approach to Eliciting Meaning in the Context of Breast Cancer". Cancer Nursing 26 (3): 169–178. DOI:10.1097/00002820-200306000-00001. PMID 12832949. Retrieved on 10 November 2020. 
  12. ↑ Kate Granger. "Having cancer is not a fight or a battle | Society", The Guardian. Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Hauser (2015). "The War on Prevention". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41 (1): 66–77. DOI:10.1177/0146167214557006. PMID 25352114. Retrieved on 11 November 2020. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "SickKids campaign forgets that children aren't always warriors". Retrieved on 11 November 2020.
  15. ↑ Waldman. "We're Finally Winning the Battle Against the Phrase "Battle With Cancer"", Slate, 30 July 2015. Retrieved on 10 November 2020.
  16. ↑ "Hospital fundraising campaign shouldn't use 'war as metaphor,' says U of O prof", CBC News, 23 October 2016. Retrieved on 11 November 2020.
  17. ↑ SickKids' New Ad Campaign: Fighting words? | Bioethics Research Library. Retrieved on 11 November 2020.
  18. ↑ Cyclists Fighting Cancer. Cyclistsfc.org.uk. Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  19. ↑ 6 Cancer-Fighting Superfoods. Health.com (22 February 1999). Retrieved on 21 April 2016.
  20. ↑ Jenni Murray: Robin Gibb didn't lose any 'battle' (en). The Independent (2012-05-22). Retrieved on 2019-10-16.
  21. ↑ My battle with depression and the two things it taught me | Ben Locker | Opinion | the Guardian. TheGuardian.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved on 20 April 2016.
  22. ↑ Ross (1989). "THE MILITARIZATION OF DISEASE: Do We Really Want a War on Aids?". Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal 72 (1): 39–58. ISSN 0038-1861. 
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