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Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Oké Mpaghara

 

Los Rastrojos bụ otu ndị agha ọgwụ na Colombia na-alụ ogụ na agha Colombia .  Ndị otu ahụ bụ Norte del Valle cartel capo Wilber Varela, nke a na-akpọ "Jabon" na otu n'ime ndị aka nri ya, "Diego Rastrojo", na gburugburu 2004 mgbe Varela dara n'etiti onye isi obodo Diego Leon Montoya.  , nke a na-akpọ " Don Diego ".  .  [1] Ndị otu ahụ nwere onwe ha mgbe e gbuchara onye isi ya na Venezuela na 2008 na n'ogo ya bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ọgwụ mkpa na Colombia.

[1]Otu a na enweta ego n'onwe ya site n'ịzụ akara cocaine, wii wii na heroin, na igọọla edo na-akwadoghị, si otú a na-erite uru nke ọnụ ala edo dị elu na 2010 na 2011 [2]

Los Rastrojos na-, yana Norte del Valle cartel, weere dị ka "ndị nketa" nke Cali cartel .  Akụkọ ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na Los Rastrojos bụ n'ezie otu ihe ahụ dị ka Norte del Valle cartel, na-arụ ọrụ naanị n'okpuru aha ọhụrụ ma na-erite uru 'nkechie siri ike nke ndị na-egbu ọchụ,  ndị nkesa na ndị na-ahaka mba ụwa'.  [1] Otu a na-achọ anya n'ịzụta coca site na isi iyi, na-edozi ya n'onwe ha ma na-ere ya n'ofe maka nkesa mba ụwa ma ọ bụ na-ebuga ya n'onwe ha site.  na Central America na Mexico.

[3]Ekwenyere na ha na-arụ ọrụ tumadi na Valle del Cauca na Cali, n'agbanyeghị na e nwere ike ime ha na-agbasa mpaghara mgba ha n'ikiri ndị ọzọ nke Colombia na-egosipụta Venezuela .  [1] N'afọ 2012, e mere ịbụ abụ onye otu na ndị agha na ndị agha 1,200 ruo 1,500.  [2] Ndị agha Venezuela egbuola ma ọ bụ jide ọtụtụ ndị otu Los Rastrojos na Venezuela.

Mgbasawanye nke otu ahụ n'okpuru ụmụnna Javier Antonio na Luis Enrique Calle Serna, ndị a na-akpọ "Comba," bụ ihe dị mkpa. Kemgbe 2009, ọ hapụrụ ebe ọdịnala ya n'akụkụ oke osimiri Pasifik iji rụọ ọrụ na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngalaba 32 Colombia. Ndị Rastrojos, bụ ndị napụrụ aha ha n'aka otu n'ime ndị isi ndị agha ha, na-etinye aka na mbupụ cocaine na heroin n'ahịa mba ụwa. N'ọkwa obodo, ha na-etinyekwa aka n'ịpụnara mmadụ ihe na ịtọrọ mmadụ. Ndị Rastrojos na-ebuga ọgwụ na-ebuga na Pacific Coast na Central America na Mexico ebe ha na-ere ya ndị na-ere ọgwụ Mexico na-ebuga ya United States. Ha nwekwara njikwa nke otu n'ime ụzọ mbubata ndị isi na Venezuela, nke bụ àkwà mmiri maka cocaine na-aga Europe na n'ebe ugwu banye US n'ụgbọelu na ụgbọ mmiri na-aga ngwa ngwa.

E jidere akụkụ ikpeazụ nke Los Rastrojos na February 2017. [4] N'otu ọnwa ahụ, a kọrọ na e belatara katel ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nanị ndị òtù 310 ma ugbu a ọ dị mkpa ịdabere na njikọ aka nke National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN), bụbu ndị agha Revolutionary Armed Forces nke Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de). Colombia, FARC), na otu ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ndị agha ka ha gaa n'ihu na-ebuga ọgwụ. Na July 2017, a kọrọ na e nwere nanị akụkụ atọ nke Los Rastrojos, na ndị òtù 80 na mpaghara Catatumbo, n'ebe ugwu Colombia. N'October 2017, enwere naanị ndị otu 31 nke Los Rastrojos na Norte de Santander. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2018, 100 n'ime ndị otu Los Rastrojos fọdụrụ esonyela ise n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ịnakọta ụgwọ ụgwọ asaa emere ọhụrụ na mpaghara Cali nke Colombia.

Mmalite

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[5] "Ndị Rastrojos irohin na 2002, dị ka nku agha maka Wilber Varela, utu aha" Jabon.  "N'oge ahụ, Varela na-alụso onye iro ogụ na Norte Del Valle Cartel, Diego Montoya, nke a na-akpọ "Don Diego," na ndị agha pịa nke Montoya, "Machos.  "Varala lieutenant Diego Pérez Henao, nke a na-akpọ "Diego Rastrojo", weghaara ndị òtù mbụ ya, n'ihi ya, ndị otu ahụ weere aha ya."

Njikota

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Esemokwu na FARC-EP na ELN

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[6]Los Rastrojos ebusowo ugboro ugboro ugboro òtù òtù ndị agha okpuru ọchịchị FARC-EP ( Fuerzas Armadas Revolucinarias de Colombia ) ​​na ELN ( Ejército de Liberación Nacional ) n'ebe ndịda Cauca . [7]

[8]Ugbu a, ndị Rastrojos nwere ikikere na National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional - ELN) ruo ọtụtụ afọ na ngalaba Cauca na Nariño.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ha ikwu echiche yiri nke ahụ na Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - FARC) n'ụdị ndị ọzọ nke mba ahụ.  N'okwu abụọ a, njikọ ndị a na-enye ndị Rastrojos ụzọ mbụ na coca base, nke na-enye ha ngwaọrụ ojiji na cocaine na ọnụ ahịa dị ọnụ ala.  Ndị enyi enyi Rastrojos ọzọ, Daniel Barrera Barrera, nke a na-akpọ "El Loco," mere yiri yiri ahụ nke na FARC na mpaghara ndị ọzọ ruo mgbe e jidere ya na September 2012.  mekwara ka na ndị cartel Mexico nwee ike siri ike. [9]

Ndị Rastrojos ọtụtụ nnukwu ndọghachi azụ na 2012, otu aa nke ndị isi atọ ya niile nyefere ma ọ bụ jide ya.  Na May 2012 otu n'ime ndị isi nke Los Rastrojos, Javier Antonio Calle Serna (a na-akpọ "Comba"), nyefere onwe ya n'aka ndịiche US na Aruba.  [1] N'ihi ya, Diego Rastrojo na nwanne Calle Serna Luis Enrique (nke a na-akpọ "Comba") ndị ndú;  nwa Rastrojo adịteghị aka, ebe e jidere ya na ike Venezuela na nwanyị June.  kwuru Venezuelan kwuru na ha ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị Colombia.  [2] E boro "El Dọkịta" ebubo igbu ọchụ nke Varela, ebe ọ bụ onye aka nri Varela nwa afọ iri.  [3] Na Ọktọba 4, ndị dị Colombia mara ọkwa na Comba, onye ndu ikpeazụ na Rastrojos, nyekwaara ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ US DEA .

Ajụ

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Ngwa agha 154 nke ndị DIJIN na ndị agha na-ahụ maka ọgwụ ọjọọ na Colombia jichiri.

E jidere ikpeazụ nke Los Rastrojos na February 2017. [1] N'otu ụn ahụ, a kọrọ na e betaara katel ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nanị ndị òtù 310 ma ugbu a ọ dị mkpa na njikọ aka nke National Liberation Army (Ejército).  de Liberación Nacional, ELN), bụbu ndị agha Revolutionary Armed Forces nke Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de).  Colombia, FARC), na otu ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ndị agha ka ha gaa n'ihu na-ebuga ọgwụ.  Na Julaị 2017, a kọrọ na e nwewe otu atọ nke Los Rastrojos, na ndị òtù 80 na mpaghara Catatumbo, n'ebe ugwu Colombia.  N'October 2017, hel naanị ndị otu 31 nke Los Rastrojos na Norte de Santander.  Ka ọ na-erule January 2018, 100 n'ime ndị otu Los Rastrojos siri ikela ise n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche asaa emere ọhụrụ na mpaghara Cali nke Colombia.

[10]Na Febụwarị 4, 2020, ekwoputara onye uwe ojii Cúcuta Sthevenson Sanchez, onye isire na ọ bụ onye isi CFO nke ngalaba mpaghara Los Rastrojos, n'izu gara aga.  [1] A ụdịkwa Cúcuta onye bụbu onye isi obodo Ramiro Suarez na mbụ maka njikọ ya na Los Rastrojos.  [1] Na Febụwarị 15, 2020, ndị ọrụ nchekwa Venezuelan weghaara ma kwatuo ihe a na-enyo enyo na ọgwụ Los Rastrojos na arụ ọrụ Chicago na-emebi emebi na Boca de Grita.  [2] Na Febụwarị 17, 2020, ntọala ndị otu Los Rastrojos 14 ka ijidere n'obodo Boca de Grita dị na Venezuela.  [3] Na Machị 30, 2020, onyeisi otu a ka ha na ELN na-alụ ogụ mgbe achọtara ozu ndị otu Los Rastrojos na-enye n'ime obodo dị na Cúcuta.

Omenala ama ama

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[11]Na TV Series El cartel, a na-akpọ ha 'Los enterradores' (Ndị na-arụ ọrụ)

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ "Colombia Jan–May gold output up 33 pct-official", Reuters, 2010-07-30. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
  2. ↑ Simon Romero, New York Times, 3 March 2011, In Colombia, New Gold Rush Fuels Old Conflict
  3. ↑ Venezuela confirma que 'Jabón' murió en su país. Elespectador.Com (2008-02-01). Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
  4. ↑ Caen los últimos herederos de los rastrojos. semana.com. Retrieved on 16 February 2017.
  5. ↑ Rastrojos. Insightcrime.org (2012-05-11). Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
  6. ↑ Identificados tres de los 19 muertos del Cauca – Noticias de Cali – Colombia. Eltiempo.Com. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
  7. ↑ FARC Clash with Rastrojos in Cauca. Insightcrime.org (2011-02-14). Archived from the original on 2012-03-16. Retrieved on 2012-05-26.
  8. ↑ Carrion. "Santos revela alianza de las Farc y el narcotráfico en correos del 'Mono Jojoy'", Semama, 9 October 2010. Retrieved on 10 February 2013. (in es)
  9. ↑ Looft. "Arrests Highlight ELN-Rastrojos Alliance in Southwest Colombia". Retrieved on 10 February 2013.
  10. ↑ Rastrojos Under Siege at Colombia-Venezuela Border (30 March 2020).
  11. ↑ Personajes del Cartel de los Sapos | PDF | Crimen organizado | Colombia.
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