Hussein Bicar
Hussein Amin Bicar ( Egyptian Arabic ) (2 Jenụarị 1913 na Aleksandria – 16 Nọvemba 2002) bụ otu n’ime ndị omenkà a ma ama n’Ijipt na narị afọ nke 20. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Cairo's School of Fine Arts na 1934, ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị afọ 60 nke ndụ ya ịkụzi nka n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum wee site na ndị nta akụkọ. A na-enweta Bicar maka ịmalite ụdị nka nke nka nka nke buliri ihe atụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na ọkwa dị nso na nka mara mma ma mara ya maka ụdị ya dị mfe na nke doro anya nke na-egosipụta mmetụta nke nka Pharaonic na nkwekọ, ịdị jụụ na ihe omimi ya. Onyinye nta akuko nke Bicar na-agabiga ihe nlere anya gunyere nkatọ nka na uri akuko. N'ịbụ onye mbụ na-ese ihe n'Ijipt gosipụtara akwụkwọ ụmụaka Arab, Bicar ekerewo òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite na ịkwalite ubi a.
Ọzọkwa, ihe osise ya na ihe osise mmanụ na-egosi ọmarịcha ndị ọrụ ubi Egypt, ihe nkiri Nubian, obodo Alexandria na isiokwu ndị Pharaonic Egypt yana ọmarịcha ọdịdị amara ya enwetala ya nnukwu nkwanye ùgwù na nsọpụrụ. N'okwu nke onye nta akụkọ nwụrụ anwụ Mustafa Amin : "Ọ bụghị otu onye na-ese ihe, ọ bụ ọkachamara nke ọtụtụ nkà ... ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese foto, onye na-ede uri, onye na-agụ egwú na onye ọkà ihe ọmụma." [1]
A mụrụ Hussein Amin Ibrahim Bicar na 2 Jenụwarị 1913 na nso Anfoushi, sitere na ezinụlọ Ijipt nke sitere na Saịprọs dị anya, ọ bụkwa onye na-eso Okwu Bahá'í n'Ijipt. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Site n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Alexandria, Bicar yiri ka ọ ga-abụ onye na-ese ihe. Ọ nwere ike ịkpọ lute mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na site na itoolu, a na-achọ ya dị ka onye nkuzi egwu maka ụmụ nwanyị ọha na eze bụ ndị n'ihi mmachi omenala na-enweghị ike iji ndị nkuzi nwoke toro eto.
Nna Bicar nwụrụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Nne ya, bụ onye na-akwado nkà ya mgbe nile, kpaliri ya na Cairo mgbe ọ banyere Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Higher of Fine Arts mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. Ụlọ akwụkwọ a dị na Khallat Street na Shoubra tọrọ ntọala na nzuzo na mmalite 1900s. Ndị nkuzi niile bụ ndị Europe na ụmụ akwụkwọ ji ụgwọ ịgbaso usoro ọmụmụ dabere na nka Western. Otu n'ime ndị nkuzi ya bụ Friedman Cluezel si Sweden dị mkpa karịsịa maka mmepe nka nke Bicar. Ọ ghọtara na Bicar bụ onye "nwere onyinye dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise". Iji gosi obi ike ya, Cluezel gwara nwa akwụkwọ ahụ ka o see ihe osise ya—otu n'ime ndị mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ ndị Bicar rụrụ kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.
N'afọ 1928, e webatara Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Higher School of Fine Arts n'okpuru nlekọta nke Ministry of Education, na ndị na-ese ihe Egypt bụ́ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na Europe malitere ọrụ dị ka ndị inyeaka na mgbe e mesịrị dị ka ndị nkụzi. Ndị nkuzi a wetara mmụọ ọhụrụ n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ka ha na-akwalite nghọta maka ihe nketa Ijipt. Otu n'ime ha bụ nnukwu ọkpụ akpụ, Mahmoud Mokhtar . N'oge agadi ya, Bicar nwere ike ịmụrụ ihe na onye na-ese ihe osise kacha mma n'Ijipt n'oge ahụ, Ahmed Sabri, bụ onye ghọrọ onye ndụmọdụ ya na enyi ya ogologo ndụ.
N'ịbụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na klas ya na 1933, Bicar na-eto eto nwere nrọ maka ọdịnihu dị mma dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-eme onwe ya, ma ịda mbà n'obi akụ na ụba nke 1930s webatara eziokwu siri ike. Otú ọ dị, Bicar jisiri ike nweta ihe e ji ebi ndụ n'oge ndị a siri ike na, n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, ịzụlite ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke jeere ya ozi nke ọma n'oge ọrụ ya niile. [7]
Ọrụ nkuzi
dezieỌbụna site na nwata Bicar kụziiri ndị ọzọ nkà, na Alexandria mgbe ọ dị nanị afọ iri, ọ bụ onye nkụzi egwu maka ụmụ nwanyị ọha na eze bụ ndị n'ihi mmachi omenala na-enweghị ike iji ndị nkuzi nwoke toro eto. Otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ ya bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo na Helwan wax museum na Ibrahim Street. Ọ chọtakwara ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na nke sekọndrị na, na 1939, ahọpụtara ya dị ka onye otu otu ndị nkuzi gara Morocco izi ihe na ọkpụkpọ òkù nke gọọmentị Moroccan. N'ime afọ anọ sochirinụ na Morocco, ọ mụtara ịsụ Spanish nke ọma. Ọ gakwara ọtụtụ ebe, na-eji ohere ọ dị nso na Europe. Bicar nọ na-eleta Berlin mgbe a kpọsara Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọrụ ya na Morocco kwụsịrị na Mediterranean mechiri ndị njem. Iji laghachi Ijipt, a manyere ya isi n'ụzọ Cape gburugburu South Africa gaa. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa atọ n'ime njem a na-ese ihe osise na Mozambique, mgbe ahụ bụ obodo Portuguese na naanị mba na-anọpụ iche n'ụzọ ya.
Okwu ya bụ Ijipt. N'adịghị ka nkà Grik ma ọ bụ ndị Rom oge ochie, nke a pụrụ ịkọwa dị ka nke anụ ahụ, isi ihe nke nkà Ijipt bụ ime mmụọ. Ihe osise ndị a kpụrụ akpụ dị na eserese ya na-ebu ozi uri nke na-anọchite anya nkwụsi ike, ikike, na ike dị n'àgwà nke mgbọrọgwụ agrarian nke Ijipt. Ahịrị ya pere mpe, nke pere mpe na-etinyekarị àgwà a kpụrụ akpụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na ntọala ha siri ike.
Ntuzi aka nke nkà ihe ọmụma kwupụta ikwupụta ọnọdụ ime mmụọ nke isiokwu pụtakwara na foto Bicar. Ndị ọ na-achị yiri ka hà na-egbukepụ egbukepụ ma na-egbuke egbuke. Kemgbe ụbọchị kọleji ya, Bicar gara n'ihu na-abụ onye na-ese ihe osise pụtara ìhè.
Nwoke dị nwayọọ, obi umeala na onye nwere oke onyinye, onyinye Hussein Bicar na nka nke Egypt karịrị akarị. Mgbe ihe karịrị ọkara narị afọ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye nkatọ, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na mmasị ya, na-anabata mgbanwe, na-achọsi ike ịghọta ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà niile ka ha na-egosipụta ọnọdụ ụwa. Mara mma na ịdị mfe ya, Bicar kọwara, "Ịghọta bụ ịghọta".
Abu Simbel Salvage na ihe nkiri nke asatọ
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Otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mma nke Bicar bụ ihe osise emere maka "Ihe ịtụnanya asatọ", akwụkwọ akụkọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere ụlọ nsọ Ramses nke Abụọ na Abu Simbel na ndịda Egypt. Ọ bụ ezie na owuwu nke Aswan Dam, malitere na 1960, iji mee ka mmiri dị n'Ijipt guzosie ike, idei mmiri nke ga-ebute na-eyi ịdị adị nke ụlọ arụsị ochie na-enweghị atụ. Ụlọ nsọ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ihe nketa pụrụ iche, ọ bụghị nanị nye Ijipt kama nye mmadụ dum. Ya mere, ọtụtụ mba bịara na-atụ anya isonye na nnapụta nke ihe ncheta ndị a n'okpuru nche anwụ nke UNESCO . N'ihe dị ịrịba ama nke nkà na ụzụ nke narị afọ nke 20, Abu Simbel, otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị baa uru nke ihe ncheta Ijipt, kwagara n'ebe dị elu.
N'oge a na-ebufe Abu Simbel, echiche ahụ mepụtara ime ihe nkiri iji dekọọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ nsọ ahụ site na owuwu ya ruo ugbu a, ihe nkiri a na-akpọ "Ihe ịtụnanya asatọ" bụ ihe sitere na mgbalị nke onye bụbu Minista omenala Dr.Sarwat Okasha. . Dr. Okasha gwara John Feeney si Canada ka o duzie mmepụta a. Dr. Shehata Adam kwadebere ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme. Emepụtara ihe nkiri a n'okpuru nlekọta nke onye isi nke Center for Documentary Film, Hassan Fouad.
Bicar sere ihe atụ dabere na ozi akụkọ ihe mere eme na geometric nke enyere na nnukwu ụlọ owuwu a. O were ya ihe karịrị afọ abụọ iji rụchaa ọrụ ndị ahụ ọ gara Nubia na Thebes, Egypt . Ihe osise nke Bicar nyere ọrụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ, gosipụtara nkà nke nkà na nka ya. Dị ka ihe owuwu Ijipt oge ochie, Bicar na-egosi ọmarịcha na nkenke. Ọ bụ nnukwu ọrụ okike. Site n'ịtụgharị uche n'echiche na ịgụ akwụkwọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, o meela ume ndụ azụ n'ime oge zuru oke nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie.
Nkọwa nke ihe nkiri ahụ bụ n'asụsụ Bekee na Arabic ma mepụta ya na ụlọ nyocha cinema na Rom maka igosi na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri na Egypt na n'ogige omenala ndị Ijipt ná mba ọzọ. E gosipụtara ya na ememme Berlin maka ihe nkiri akwụkwọ na 1973. Onye nduzi John Feeney nyefere otu fim ahụ nye The New Zealand Film Archive . [8]
Onye egwu egwu
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Bicar bụ onye hụrụ egwu egwu, ọ nwere ike ịkpọ lute mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na site na itoolu na-akụziri ya ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ mụtara ka esi agụ notations ọbụna site n'enyemaka nke onye nkuzi na-ekwu na ọ dị mwute ikwu, M na-agabigaghị ntị, m na-ege ntị music ma enweghị m ike ịgụ ihe ndetu.
Bicar bụ onye isi na nka nke Cairo ihe karịrị afọ 50. Dị ka onye na-egwu egwu, onye na-ede uri, onye na-ese ihe, onye nkụzi, onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ede akụkọ na onye na-ede akụkọ, Bicar enyela ma na-aga n'ihu na-enye ọtụtụ nde mmadụ obi ụtọ. Enyemaka ya na nka karịrị oke. Elegantly simplistic, eclectic and receptive to change, Bicar na-akọwa na "ịghọta bụ ịghọta" ezi ahịrị nke ya cartoons kpaliri imerime imeri echiche mgbe vibrant agba nke ya ebube eserese nyere olu otu nde unuttered okwu.
Ndụ Bahá'í
dezieN'afọ ndị 1980, ndị ọchịchị Ijipt jidere ọtụtụ Bahá'ís, gụnyere Bicar, bụ otu n'ime ndị isi obodo. [4] [5] E boro Bahá’í ebubo na ha na-agbalị ịkọrọ ozizi okpukpe, bụ́ nke a machibidoro iwu n’Ijipt n’afọ ndị 1960. [3] Labib Moawad, otu n'ime ndị ọka iwu ndị isi Egypt, gbachitere Bicar na Bahá'í nke ọzọ, n'ikpeazụkwa, a kwụsịrị ebubo niile e boro Bicar n'ihi nká ya. [4] [5] Bicar nyere Moawad ihe osise dị ka ụtụ maka mbọ ya n'oge ikpe ahụ. [5] Mgbe ikpe ahụ gasịrị, Bicar natara Mubarak award maka nka, na ọnọdụ ọha ya gbanwere. [5]
Ihe nrite
dezieN'ime ọtụtụ afọ, Bicar nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye na ihe ịchọ mma, n'ime ha bụ ndị a:
- Ihe nrite nke mpako sitere na gọọmentị Morocco, 1942
- Patent nke ekele sitere n'aka Minister nke Culture na Syria, 1961
- Nrite klas mbụ nke sayensị na nka, 1967
- Akara nkwanye ugwu nke Biennale nke Alexandria, 1970
- Asambodo nsọpụrụ sitere na Art Academy, 1972
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Award na nsonye nke Soviet Union, 1975
- The State Merit Award na 1978
- Asambodo ekele mba na ihe nrite nke nsọpụrụ, 1980
- Na nso nso a, ihe nrite Mubarak (Egypt 2000) obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya [9]
Ụtụ
dezieNa 2 Jenụwarị 2017 Google Doodle mere ncheta ọmụmụ Hussein Amin Bicar nke 104th. [10]
Ihe ndetu
dezie- ↑ Sobhy EL Sharouny (2002). BIKAR. دار الشروق للنشر والتوزيع. ISBN 9770908290.
- ↑ The others- A court ruling providing official recognition to Bahais has done little to ease the debate on this Israeli-based cult by Gihan Shahine, Al-Ahram Weekly
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hal (1998-05-26). A teacher preaches Bahaiʼism in Cairo University. ʻAqīdatī. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved on 2012-12-08.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Your Religion or Your Nation? The Bahais' Difficult Choice in Egypt. Arabic Network for Human Rights Association (2005-12-26). Retrieved on 2012-12-08.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Nkrumah (2003-10-23). Labib Moawad: Keeper of secrets. Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. Retrieved on 2012-12-08.
- ↑ Bill to incriminate the embrace of the Bahai faith in Egypt. Mid-East Wire (2006-05-05). Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved on 2012-12-08.
- ↑ A publication about Hussein Bicar published by the American University in Cairo in 1989, written by Betty Wass El-Wakil
- ↑ The reference page of " The Eighth Wonder" in The New Zealand Film Archive. The New Zealand Film Archive. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11.
- ↑ arabicnews. Archived from the original on 2005-12-07. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
- ↑ Hussein Amin Bicar's 104th Birthday. Google.
Ntụaka
dezie- Sobhy EL Sharouny (2002). BIKAR . Dar el Shorouk. ISBN 977-09-0829-0 .
- Akwụkwọ gbasara Hussein Bicar nke Mahadum America dị na Cairo bipụtara na 1989, nke Betty Wass El-Wakil dere.
- Inas Elhindy (2009). Bika... Recitals na eserese . nke Council Kasị Elu nke Culture na Egypt bipụtara.