Gustav Landauer

Gustav Landauer (7 Eprel 1870 2 Mee 1919) bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-akụzi ihe gbasara anarchism na Germany na ngwụcha nke iri na itenanị na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ Ọ bụ onye na-akwado anarchism nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye na-eme udo.

N'afọ 1919, ọ bụ Kọmishọna nke Enlightenment na Public Instruction nke Bavarian Soviet Republic nke dị mkpirikpi n'oge German Revolution nke 1918- 1910 .^[1] E gburu ya mgbe a kwaturu mba a.

A makwaara Landauer maka ọmụmụ ya banyere metaphysics na okpukpe, na nsụgharị ya nke ọrụ William Shakespeare n'asụsụ German.

Ndụ na ọrụ

Landauer bụ nwa nke abụọ nke nne na nna ndị Juu Rosa née Neuberger na Herman Landauer.^[2] Ọ kwadoro anarchism site na 1890s. N'afọ ndị ahụ, ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi karịsịa banyere ụzọ Max Stirner na Friedrich Nietzsche si eme ihe n'otu n'otu, kamakwa "na-adọ aka ná ntị megide apotheosis nke onye a na-ejighị n'aka, nke nwere ike iduga n'ileghara ịdị n'otu anya".^[3]

Ya na Martin Buber bụ ezigbo enyi, na-emetụta nkà ihe ọmụma nke mkparịta ụka nke Martin Buber.^[4] Landauer kwenyere na a pụghị inweta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya naanị site na njikwa nke steeti ma ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ akụ na ụba, mana ọ chọrọ mgbanwe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmadụ.^[5]

O chere na ezi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nwere ike ibilite naanị na njikọ nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, o dekwara, "Obodo anyị na-achọsi ike ma chọọ, anyị ga-ahụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na anyị kewapụ onwe anyị na ịdị adị nke onwe anyị; ya mere anyị ga-emesị chọta, n'ime etiti ma ọ bụ ihe anyị zoro ezo, obodo kachasị ochie na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ: agbụrụ mmadụ na cosmos".^[6]

Otu n'ime ụmụ ụmụ Landauer, ya na nwunye ya na onye edemede Hedwig Lachmann, bụ Mike Nichols, onye nduzi telivishọn America, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri, onye edemede, na onye na-emepụta ihe.^[7]

Hụkwa

Ọrụ

Ndemsibia

Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala

↑ Samuel Hugo Bergman and Noam Zadoff. Landauer, Gustav. Jewish Virtual Library/Encyclopedia Judaica. Retrieved on November 21, 2014.
↑ Faces of America: How 12 Extraordinary People Discovered Their Pasts, by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2010, p. 10.
↑ Miething (2016-04-02). "Overcoming the preachers of death: Gustav Landauer's reading of Friedrich Nietzsche". Intellectual History Review 26 (2): 285–304. DOI:10.1080/17496977.2016.1140404. ISSN 1749-6977.
↑ Jordan (8 June 2020). A Life of Dialogue: Martin's Buber's Path to a Believing Humanism. Commonweal. Retrieved on 8 June 2020.
↑ Mendes-Flohr (2019). Martin Buber: A Life of Faith and Dissent. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 53, 120–121. ISBN 978-0-300-15304-0.
↑ Landauer (1901). "Durch Absonderung zur Gemeinschaft". Journal of the Neue Gemeinschaft (2).
↑ Bruce Weber. "Mike Nichols, 83, Acclaimed Director on Broadway and in Hollywood, Dies", New York Times, November 20, 2014.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Works by Gustav Landauer at Open Library
Works by Gustav Landauer at Project Gutenberg
Works by Gustav Landauer at Faded Page (Canada)
Works by or about Gustav Landauer at Internet Archive
Gustav Landauer at Find a Grave
Ọdachi ndị Germany: Robert Nichols Cheta

[1] Samuel Hugo Bergman and Noam Zadoff. Landauer, Gustav. Jewish Virtual Library/Encyclopedia Judaica. Retrieved on November 21, 2014.

[2] Faces of America: How 12 Extraordinary People Discovered Their Pasts, by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2010, p. 10.

[3] Miething (2016-04-02). "Overcoming the preachers of death: Gustav Landauer's reading of Friedrich Nietzsche". Intellectual History Review 26 (2): 285–304. DOI:10.1080/17496977.2016.1140404. ISSN 1749-6977.

[4] Jordan (8 June 2020). A Life of Dialogue: Martin's Buber's Path to a Believing Humanism. Commonweal. Retrieved on 8 June 2020.

[5] Mendes-Flohr (2019). Martin Buber: A Life of Faith and Dissent. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 53, 120–121. ISBN 978-0-300-15304-0.

[6] Landauer (1901). "Durch Absonderung zur Gemeinschaft". Journal of the Neue Gemeinschaft (2).

[7] Bruce Weber. "Mike Nichols, 83, Acclaimed Director on Broadway and in Hollywood, Dies", New York Times, November 20, 2014.

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