Gashaka Gumti National Park
Gashaka-Gumti National Park (GGNP) bụ ụzọ mba na ụzọ, e ikike ya site na ebe nchekwa egwuregwu abụọ na 1991 ma ọ bụrụ mba kacha ukwuu na Nigeria. Ọ dị na mpaghara egwuregwu nke Taraba na Adamawa ókè ya na Cameroon. Ngụkọta mpaghara ahụ kpuchiri ihe dịka 6,402 km 2, ọtụtụ n'ime ugwu GGNP bụ mfe savannah, ebe mpaghara GGNP nrịda nke anụ ahụ nwere ala siri ike nke ugwu ugwu ugwu, mkpọda ugwu yana onye miri emi na mmiri mmiri, yana ebe obibi nke miri emi na mmiri mmiri. oke montane. Elu sitere na ihe dịka 457 meters (1,499 ft) n'ụdị ebe ugwu nke ahụ, ruo 2,419 meters (7,936 ft) na Chappal Waddi, ugwu kacha elu Naijiria na mpaghara ndịda akwụkwọ ahụ. Ọ bụ mpaghara mmiri dị mkpa maka osimiri Benue . A na-enwe oke osimiri na-eru n'oge ọkọchị nke ịhụnanya. [1] Ọgbakọ maka ndị Fulani na-azụ anụ ụlọ dị n'ime oke nke na-enye ọrịre ugbo na ịta nri. [1]
Ogige Okike
dezieami Gashaka Gumti chere enyo nta juru ebe niile ihu, na-etinye ihe dị ukwuu n'ọdịdị dị iche iche nke ndụ ya. N'ịghọta ihe iyi egwu na-arị elu, Gọọmenti Northern Nigeria nyere ọrụ usoro ala na 1966. ihe a, nke Mike Bawden na Paul Tuley mere, mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọ dị mkpa ka ọ dị ngwa iji chebe mmirika. mmiri nke ugwu ndị na-enye anwụrụ Taraba. [2]
N'afọ 1969, ihe n'ihe mmetụta anụ ndị sitere na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo (FAO) nke United Nations ihe aro ka e akwado ebe nchekwa egwuregwu ma ọ bụ ihe mba iji chebe anụ dị n' ' ahụ. Akụkọ ndị a da eje na oge mgbe Naijiria , eserese onwe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na-ebute ụzọ nke akụ ndị sitere n'okike ya, na-ekenye nnukwu ego na mmemme nchekwa nchekwa.
Na 1972, Gọọmenti North-East Steeti jikọrọ aka na ndị ọchịchị ime obodo na ndị isi ọdịnala nke ngalaba Ganye na Gashaka Gumti iji guzobe ebe egwuregwu atọ—Serti, Gashaka na Gumti. Mmachibido iwu ịchụ nta n'ime ebe nsọ ndị a gosipụtara nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa maka nchekwa.
Ka akụnaụba ndị dara n'isi akwụkwọ 1980s, e wepụrụ fufu ego maka mkpuchi nchekwa, Gashaka Gumti. Nleghara anya ihe, na-emepụta, patrolling, na mkpokọta akwụkwọ. Ogige ahụ chere nnukwu ihe ihu na 1983–84 site na ndata nke pan-African rinderpest, na-eduga na mbelata nke ungulates na ụdị nke mmetụta nta anụ..
N'ọgwụ 1980s, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmepe Mba Nile (DFID) gbatịpụrụ ndụ n'ogige ahụ, na-etinye ego maka ọrụ dị egwu. N'otu oge ahụ, Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) tụpụtara mmalite etiti ka a pụtapụta Gashaka Gumti enyo mba. Achọpụtara isi ihe iri na otu, sitere na nchekwa nke mmiri na ike nke ebe obibi.
Na 1991, Gashaka Gumti National Park ka ahaziri n'okpuru n'okpuru iwu ọhụrụ. Ndị NCF na-ahụ maka na ngalaba ngalaba Gongola steeti na-ahụ maka anụ anụ, ọrụ a bu n'obi ile isi anya n'ihe ịma aka nchekwa dị iche iche. Faith Ananze, onye njikwa nwere ikike, duziri ụzọ ahụ, na-achịkọta otu ndị ọrụ raara onwe ha nye ka okpukpe Imeri ime nke ahụ.
Anụ anụmanụ
dezieỤmụ anụmanụ nke nsogbu mba dị iche iche. Edekọla ụdị anụmanụ 103 na ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ụdị duiker na-acha odo odo, nwamba ola edo nke Africa ( Profelis aurata ), Buffalo nke Africa, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu na Nigeria nke chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) dị n'ime ihe nke ekiri mba. Iji chebe anụmanụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, a bịara ọrụ Gashaka Primate. Ibi na buru mba bụkwa elephant Africa ( Loxodonta africana ), klipspringer ( Oreotragus oreotragus ), ,Ụdị ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda nha Africa ( Lycaon pictus manguensis ), Hartebeest ( Alcelaphus buselaphus ), anụ nwere nnukwu n'ụwa, nnukwu eland (Taurotragus). Derbianus ), roan antelope ( Hippotragus equinus ), the kob antelope ( Kobus kob ), the oribi ( Ourebia ourebi ), na obere Adamawa ugwu reedbuck ( Redunca fulvorufula ) na nnukwu ebuka. [2] E see Chimpanzees (Pantrolodytes vellerous), nwamba ọla edo (Fellies Aurata) na nnukwu njirimara ndị (Hylochoreus meinertzageni). Anụ ndị nwere na-eri anụ sch dị ka ọdụm (Panthera Leo), Agụ (Panthera Pardus) na ụdị mmetụta ike ịhụ na nke ahụ ahụ.. [3]
Avian fauna bụ nnọọ ike na iche iche, e nwere ebuka na-elu 1 nde ngosi. A na-akpọ ahụ ahụ n'ihu ọha dị ka otu n'ime "Ebe Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa" nke Africa - yana ihe ụdị ụdị 500 a na-erira, na ndị na-ekiri ekiri na-eleta ọbịa na-ụdị ọhụrụ na ndepụta. ahụ. Lovebird chere ihu na-acha uhie bụ naanị ebe a na Central African Republic's Bamingui-Bangoran National Park na Biosphere Reserve. [4]
Osisi
dezieNa Nọvemba 2002 a ọnụma ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị nnọọ ike nke ohia sunbird, ụdị mara mma nke acanthus, [6] na 8 km 2star Leinde Fadale dị n'ebe ugwu dị n'ikiri ahụ. [7] Ụdị a na-eme ebe a na 1,600 ruo 1,670 masl, na ihe dị ka 1,200 km site na ndị mmadụ kacha nso na Afromontane Archipelago. A na-atụ aro na a ga- na-atụ ụjọ ahụ iji chebe ahụ. [7] Enwere ụdị osisi dị iche na ụdị nwere ụdị osisi dị iche iche iche na-eto n'ụdị dị iche nke iche iche ụdị ahụ. Na mpaghara Northern Gumti, osisi toro ogologo dịka Acacia spp, Afzelia Africana, Khaya Seneglensis, Daniella Oliverii, Isober linadoka na Vitellaria paradoxa. Na Gashaka, nke bụ ndị na-akpata nke ahụ, njikọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Southern Guinea Savanna. Ụdị osisi mgbasa na mpaghara ahụ ahụ Triplochyton schleroxylon na Aubrvillea kerstingii Africana, Symphonia globulifera na Mallettia spp. [3]
Ihu igwe
dezieOgige Ogige Mba Gashaka Gumti, nke dị na ihu igwe steepụ mpaghara, bụ nke e ji mara mmiri mmiri n'ime afọ. Nhazi Köppen-Geiger na-mpụtapụta ihu igwe na-achị dị ka BSH. Ọbịbịa ya na equator na-eme ka ọ sie ike pụta oge nke ọma, yana January, Febụwarị, June, Julaị, Ọgọst, September, Ọktọba, Nọvemba na Disemba ka a na-ewere dị ka oge kacha elu maka mgba.
Nyocha ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-etinye nkezi okpomọkụ kwa afọ na ihe dịka 26.4 Celsius C | 79.5 Celsius F. Mgbanwe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'ime afọ na-egosipụta oke nke 7.4 °C | 13.4 Celsius F. Opekempe okpomọkụ na-apụta na Jenụwarị na 16.1 °C | 61ºF, ebe a na-edekọ nke kachasị na Eprel na Mee na 38 Celsius C | 100.3 Celsius F. Ọnụọgụ okpomọkụ kwa ọnwa, nke egosiri na tebụl, na-enye nghọta maka mgbanwe dị iche iche nke oge.
Ọdịda kwa afọ na ogige ntụrụndụ mba ruru 672 mm | 26.5 sentimita asatọ. Ọdịiche dị na mmiri ozuzo n'etiti driest (January) na wettest (August) ọnwa dị ịrịba ama, na-eru 200 mm | 8 sentimita asatọ. Mmiri ozuzo na-adịkarị ụkọ, ebe Jenụwarị na-enwechaghị mmiri ozuzo. N'aka nke ọzọ, August bụ ọnwa kacha mmiri mmiri na 130 mm | 5 sentimita nke mmiri ozuzo.
Iru mmiri dị ala na-agbanwe n'ime ọnwa niile, na August na-egosipụta nke kachasị elu na 84%, ebe March dekọtara nke kachasị na 13%. Ọgọst na-ahụkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo (14) ma e jiri ya tụnyere Jenụwarị, nke na-ahụtaghị nke ọ bụla. Nke a na-egosi oge mmiri dị iche na August.
Gashaka Gumti National Park na-enwe ahụmihe dị iche iche awa anwụ kwa ụbọchị n'ime afọ. Na nkezi, Eprel na-edekọ awa kacha anwụ anwụ kwa ụbọchị na ihe dịka 10.93, na-agbakọ na ngụkọta nke awa 338.77. N'ụzọ dị iche, Jenụwarị nwere awa kacha anwụ kwa ụbọchị na 10.48, yana ngụkọta nke awa 314.44. Ngụkọta awa anwụ kwa afọ bụ 3515.25, nkezi ihe dịka awa 115.68 kwa ọnwa.
| Climate data for Gashaka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F | 89.8 | 95.5 | 100.3 | 100.4 | 95.4 | 89.8 | 84.3 | 81.2 | 83.3 | 87.1 | 91.3 | 89.3 | 90.6 |
| Daily mean °F | 75.1 | 80.6 | 86.1 | 88.1 | 85 | 80.9 | 77 | 74.7 | 75.7 | 77.6 | 78.1 | 75.1 | 79.5 |
| Average low °F | 61 | 66.3 | 71.5 | 75.8 | 75.6 | 73.4 | 70.9 | 69.5 | 69.5 | 69.2 | 65.4 | 62 | 69.2 |
| Average precipitation inches | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| Average high °C | 32.1 | 35.3 | 37.9 | 38.0 | 35.2 | 32.1 | 29.1 | 27.3 | 28.5 | 30.6 | 32.9 | 31.8 | 32.6 |
| Daily mean °C | 23.9 | 27.0 | 30.1 | 31.2 | 29 | 27.2 | 25 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 25.3 | 25.6 | 23.9 | 26.4 |
| Average low °C | 16 | 19.1 | 21.9 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 23.0 | 21.6 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 20.7 | 18.6 | 17 | 20.7 |
| Average precipitation cm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 13 | 18 | 13 | 5.1 | 0 | 0 | 59.3 |
| Average rainy days | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 77 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 21 | 15 | 13 | 27 | 50 | 66 | 77 | 84 | 83 | 69 | 34 | 25 | 47 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 10.4 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 9.6 |
| Source: climate-data.org[5] | |||||||||||||
Njem nlegharị anya
dezie| S/Mba | Afọ | Nọmba nke ndị njem nlegharị anya n'ime ụlọ (Ndị mpaghara) | Nọmba nke ndị njem nlegharị anya mba ofesi (Ndị mba ọzọ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2005 | 166 | 55 |
| 2 | 2006 | 80 | 61 |
| 3 | 2007 | 282 | 44 |
| 4 | 2008 | 90 | 53 |
| 5 | 2009 | 276 | 71 |
| 6 | 2010 | 1643 | 88 |
| 7 | 2011 | 932 | 92 |
| 8 | 2012 | 1028 | 50 |
| 9 | 2013 | 992 | 61 |
| 10 | 2014 | 804 | 12 |
| 11 | 2015 | 420 | 25 |
| 12 | Mkpokọta | 6,713 | 612 |
Tebụlụ dị n'elu na-enye maka usoro ụkpụrụ na Gashaka Gumti National Park site na 2005 ruo 2015. Ọ bụ ebe na ndị ọbịa n'oge a bụ 7,325, akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ikike nke ukwuu na njem nlegharị anya mgbe 2012. ikpe. Mbelata a bụ n'ihi egwu egwu na mpaghara ugwu ndị isi nke mba ahụ, nke bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọgbaghara na dị n'etiti ndị na-azụ ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ahụ. N'agbanyeghị mbelata a, akwụkwọ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na- ndị njem nlegharị anya mba ụwa, ebe ndị ọrịa si Britain nwere ike dị kaadị ama </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
akwụkwọ ego nke njem nlegharị anya na ịpụ mba na-enwu na ọkụ dị n'okpuru ebe a, nke na-akụda isi ego sitere na 2005 ruo 2015. Ogige ahụ ihe dị ka nde ₦44 ($144,000) n'ime oge a, yana mgbaàmà ebe obibi na nkwụghachi na-eche dị ka ndị mbụ na-atụnye ụtụ
| Year | Catering/Bar (₦) | Accommodation (₦) | Compensation (₦) | Park Entering (₦) | Other Sources (₦) | Total (₦) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 69,800 | 984,050 | 84,100 | 108,500 | 5,200.00 | 1,251,650 |
| 2006 | 174,340 | 951,675.60 | 693,850 | 257,576.25 | 280,251.7 | 2,357,693.55 |
| 2007 | 9,000 | 242,502.75 | 323,140.00 | 173,150.00 | 302,971 | 1,050,763.75 |
| 2008 | 565,000 | 576,220 | 92,000 | 91,500 | 85,940 | 1,410,660 |
| 2009 | 484,720 | 1,115,475.00 | 1,484,000.00 | 47,729.75 | 197,480. | 3,329,404.75 |
| 2010 | 79,909 | 1,707,800 | 867,700 | 224,410 | 230,040 | 3,109,859 |
| 2011 | 548,62.2 | 1,020,174 | 2,361,360 | 1,182,260 | 399,090 | 5,017,462 |
| 2012 | 216,75.9 | 1,679,150 | 2,416,813.8 | 423,170 | 3,213,411.4 | 7,754,221.1 |
| 2013 | 225,955 | 1,475,650 | 6,453,060 | 694,800 | 309,060 | 9,158,525 |
| 2014 | 220,065 | 888,500 | 3,984.00 | 1,113,412 | 5,955,227 | 8,181,188 |
| Total (₦) | 1,905,327.1 | 10,641,197.35 | 14,776,0238 | 4,061,508 | 10,978,670.7 | 42,781,427.15 |
mkpa dị mkpa nke njem nlegharị anya bụ ọrụ ya n'inye ọrịre ọrụ. Ogige Ogige Mba Gashaka Gumti, n'oge ọnwụ ihe, were mmadụ 269 na-arụ ọrụ oge niile na ndị ọrụ 8, na-enye aka na ọrụ na nke na-enweghị ìhè. ọrụ ahụ nwere ikike nke ụmụ amaala 150 na ndị 119 na- Ndị ụmụ amaala.
Ogige Ogige Ogige Mba Gashaka Gumti na-etu nnukwu ihe nkiri nke ihe eji eme njem nlegharị anya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na-echeta ngosi maka ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi okike. ụfọdụ isi ihe nkiri
- Ọdọ mmiri Hippo : Na-enye ndị hippos nso nso na ebe obibi ha. German Forte: Ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nwere mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ebe nchekwa German tupu oge ọchịchị.
- GGNP Museum : na-egosi ụdị akụkọ ihe mere eme, ngwa ịkụ azụ na ngwa ịchụ nta.
- Ụzọ egwuregwu : Ikwe ka ndị ọbịa hụ anụmanụ dị iche iche, gụnyere chimpanzees, agụ owuru na ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche.
- Ikiri Primate : Na-akọwapụta mkpa ogige ahụ dị ka ebe ewusiri ike maka primates dị ka chimpanzees na adaka.
- Nlele Nnụnụ : GGNP, nkewapụtara dị ka mpaghara nnụnụ dị mkpa, na-akwado ụdị nnụnụ 500, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ paradaịs maka ndị na-ekiri nnụnụ.
- Osimiri Mayo Kam : Osimiri kachasị ukwuu na ogige ahụ, na-ejupụta na azụ na anụ ọhịa n'oge ọkọchị.
- Kiri Waterfall : Mmiri mmiri dị egwu na mpaghara ugwu, na-adọta ndị ọbịa na ịma mma ya.
- Ịgba ugwu : GGNP na-enye ugwu siri ike yana oke maka ịga ugwu na nyocha ọgba.
- Njem Safari na Nature : Na-enye ndị ọbịa ohere inyocha ogige ahụ buru ibu, na-ekepụta ncheta na-adịgide adịgide.
- Ụzọ okporo ụzọ awara awara nke ọma : Ụzọ a na-eduzi n'ime ala ndị nwere nkụda mmụọ, yana akụkọ na-adọrọ mmasị sitere na ntuziaka ndị maara ihe.
- Egwuregwu ịkụ azụ : Ebe dị mma maka ịkụ azụ na Osimiri Mayo Kam n'oge ọkọchị.
- Mgbasa ozi n'èzí : ebe a mara ụlọikwuu a họpụtara maka ndị na-achọ ahụmahụ siri ike.
- Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ : Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị nso na obodo Gashaka, na-agbakwunye ogige ntụrụndụ.
Nlekọta ahụ agba mbọ iji kwalite ndị ọbịa site n'inye ụdị dịka ebe obibi, ebe ogbako, na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ. Site na nhọrọ ebe obibi dị iche iche, akpọ suites, ọnụ ụlọ okomoko, na ebe obibi VIP, GGNP bu n'obi imezu dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ikike a ụlọ nke ọma iji nyere ndị ọbịa aka inyocha ihe ya.
Esemokwu
dezieOgige Ogige Mba Gashaka Gumti echewo nnukwu ihe ịma aka na ịhụ ihu, ndị sitere n'aka igbu osisi na-akwadoghị . Esemokwu ndị a ebutela Ọnwụ n'etiti ndị na-agụ Rangers akwụkwọ ahụ wee bụrụ nnukwu ihe egwu na mbọ nchekwa nchekwa na mpaghara ahụ. [6]
Dị ka akụkọ 2019 si kwuo, ndị na-egbu osisi na-akwadoghị na-akpata ọnwụ nke opekata mpe Rangers itoolu, yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ merụrụ ahụ n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga. Onye nchekwa ogige ahụ, Alhaji Mohammed Kabir, kpughere na ndị Rangers nwụrụ anwụ gụnyere Usman Yahya, Joshua Mamman, Adamu Hamman, Ajayi Peter, Hamman Njidda, Hamman Dikko, Zamani Teituly, Sunday Ali, na Yakubu Umaru. Ihe omume ọjọọ ndị a jikọtara ya na ọrụ ndị na-egbu osisi na enweghị nchebe gbara ogige ahụ na mpaghara nkwado ya.
Esemokwu ndị a ebutela n'ihi oke olile anya maka igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Rosewood (pterocarpus erinaceous), nke a na-akpọ Madrid. Achọpụtara mkpa akụ na ụba na ụbara nke ụdị a n'etiti 2014 na 2015 na mpaghara Gọọmenti Gashaka (LGA) na gburugburu ogige mba ahụ, na-ebute nnukwu ihe egwu nchekwa nye ndị ọrụ ogige ahụ.
Onye nchekwa nchekwa, Alhaji Mohammed Kabir, kwuputara ihe ịma aka dị n'ogige ahụ, gụnyere igbutu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, ịta ahịhịa n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, enweghị nchekwa dị elu, ịchụ nta anụ, na ihe dị iche iche ndị mmadụ na-eme n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Nchọpụta nke Rosewood na mpaghara ahụ emeela ka ndị na-ahụ maka ogige ntụrụndụ na ndị Rangers na-ehi ụra na-ehi ụra ka ha na-agbalịsi ike ichebe akụ ndị dị n'ọhịa site n'aka ndị na-egbu osisi na-achọsi ike.
Ndị isi ọdịnala, dịka Lamdo Gashaka, Dr Zubairu Hammangabdo, kwusiri ike ọrụ mkpokọta nke ichekwa ogige ntụrụndụ mba. Ha kwere nkwa ịchịkọta ndị ha na-achị iji chekwa ihe a kọwara dị ka "ogige nchekwa kachasị na nke dị iche iche na Naịjirịa." Ndị isi ahụ dọrọ aka ná ntị megide igbu osisi na igbu anụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na-ekwusi ike na ogige ahụ abụghị naanị ihe mpako nye ndị Gashaka mana maka steeti Taraba dum na Nigeria.
Mgbalị iji dozie esemokwu ndị a gụnyere icheta ụbọchị Rangers ụwa na 31st nke Julaị afọ ọ bụla, dịka International Ranger Federation (IRF) họpụtara. Ụbọchị a bụ iji sọpụrụ ọrụ achọghị ọdịmma onwe onye nanị nke Rangers na-arụ bụ ndị e gbuworo ma ọ bụ merụọ ahụ n'ọrụ ha, na-egosipụta ọrụ dị oke mkpa ha na-arụ n'ichekwa ihe ndị sitere n'okike nke Gashaka Gumti National Park.
Ọgbaghara ụmụ anụmanụ na ogige mba Gashaka Gumti
dezieEsemokwu ụmụ anụmanụ juru ebe niile ebe mmadụ na anụmanụ nwere otu gburugburu ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa na-ekekọrịta oke na nhazi mmadụ. [3] N'ime ogige Gashaka Gumti, ndị obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwe otu esemokwu ahụ. Enwere ihe dị ka obodo 25 bi na gburugburu ogige ahụ. [7]
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ Chapman (1 August 2004). "An assessment of changes in the montane forests of Taraba State, Nigeria, over the past 30 years". Oryx 38 (3). DOI:10.1017/S0030605304000511.
- ↑ Sommer (2011). Primates of Gashaka: socioecology and conservation in Nigeria's biodiversity hotspot. New York, NY Heidelberg: Springer, 39–54. ISBN 978-1-4419-7402-0.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dishan (2010). "Women's Involvement in Non Timber Forest Products Utilization in Support Zones of Gashaka Gumti National Park" (in en). Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment 2 (1): 73–84. ISSN 2141-1778. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Forshaw (27 September 2010). Parrots of the World. Princeton University Press, 154–. ISBN 978-0-691-14285-2. Retrieved on 23 April 2011.
- ↑ Gashaka climate: Weather Gashaka & temperature by month.
- ↑ "Illegal loggers kill 9 Gashaka Gumti National Park workers in Taraba - Vanguard News", Vanguard, Vanguard. Retrieved on 21 October 2023.
- ↑ Eniang (2011). "Assessment of Human Wildlife conflicts in Filinga Range of Gashaka Gumti National Park". PAT 7 (1): 15–35.