Ferdinand Nahimana
Ferdinand Nahimana (amụrụ na 15 June 1950) bụ onye Rwandan na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye a mara ikpe maka ịkpali mgbukpọ agbụrụ maka ọrụ ya na mgbukpọ mba Rwandan.
Nahimana bụ onye guzobere ụlọ ọrụ redio Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), nke n'oge mgbukpọ agbụrụ ahụ na-agbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi nke nyere aka ịhazi ogbugbu ahụ ma mee ka ịkpọasị megide ndị Tutsi na ndị Hutu dị nro.
Ndụ onwe onye
dezieA mụrụ Ferdinand Nahimana na 15 Julaị na obodo Gatonde, na Ruhengeri Prefecture. Ọ lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ anọ.[1]
O nwere nzere Doctorate nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Paris Diderot. N'agbata afọ 1979 na afọ 2007, o bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na isiokwu gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Rwanda.
Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda
dezieN'okpuru usoro nkwekọrịta udo nke Arusha, a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista Mmụta Kasị Elu maka Ọdịbendị na Nnyocha Sayensị. Nahimana bụ onye otu National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Habyarimana.
N'agbata afọ 1979 na afọ 1994, a na-ebo Nahimana ebubo na o dere ma bipụta akụkọ na-agba ume ka a nupụ isi megide ndị Tutsis na ndị Hutu dị nro.[1]
.[1][1]N'ịbụ onye a chụrụ n'ọrụ na redio mba Rwandan na 1993, o sonye na imepụta RTLM, ma dịka International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) siri kwuo, ghọrọ onye nduzi ya.[1] N'ihi itinye aka na nke a, e boro ya ebubo na ọ "gbakwasịrị" ogbugbu ndị ahụ. N'agbata Eprel 1993 na 31 Julaị 1994, e boro Ferdinand Nahimana ebubo na o mere atụmatụ, duzie ma kwado mgbasa ozi nke RTLM. Onye ọka iwu ICTR boro ebubo na "ọ maara maka mmemme na mmetụta mmemme ndị a nwere n'ahụ ọha mmadụ".
A na-ebo ya ebubo na ya haziri, site n'enyemaka nke nwanne ya nwoke, nzukọ n'etiti MRND na ndị agha Interahamwe na Ruhengeri Prefecture, na ebumnuche nke ikwurịta banyere ogbugbu nke ndị Tutsis na ndị Hutu.[1]
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1994, ka ime ihe ike malitere na Rwanda mgbe e gbusịrị onye isi ala Juvénal Habyarimana, onye nnọchi anya mba France kpọọrọ Ferdinand Nahimana. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, a kpọpụrụ ndị nnọchi anya mba France ma kpọga Nahimana, ya na ezinụlọ ya na ndị ọzọ gbabara ebe ahụ, na Burundi. Burundi achọghị ịnabata ìgwè ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ a, ya mere e ji ụgbọelu zigara Nahimana na 17 Eprel gaa Bukavu. [1] Nahimana le ndị ọzọ gbara ọsọ ndụ laghachiri Rwanda na 23 Eprel. [2] E mechara jide Nahimana ka e jidere ya na Cameroon na 27 Machị 1996.
Nwale na ikpe
dezieE boro Nahimana ebubo maka ịkpali mgbukpọ agbụrụ ma kpee ya ikpe na International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda's Media Case site n'aka Gregory Gordon, ya na ndị ọzọ abụọ na-etinye aka na RTLM: Hassan Ngeze na Jean Bosco Barayagwiza. Nahimana kwuru na aka ya dị ọcha ma gọnahụ inwe nchịkwa nchịkọta akụkọ nke mgbasa ozi RTLM n'oge ogbugbu ahụ: "Enweghị m ike ịmata RTLM nke ụbọchị ndị ahụ site na nke dị tupu 6 Eprel. Ọ bụ ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị a na-akpọ ugbu a ndị na-anụbigara ókè, bụ ndị ụzọ ha si ele ma na-eme ka m ghara ikere òkè na ya.[2]
"Ikpe mgbasa ozi ịkpọasị" nwetara nlebara anya ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ oge mbụ kemgbe ikpe Nuremberg na a kpụpụrụ okwu ịkpọasị dị ka mpụ agha.[3] N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2003, a mara Ferdinand Nahimana ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ndụ ya niile, ikpe maka mgbukpọ agbụrụ, nkata igbu agbụrụ, ịkpali, n'onwe ya na n'ihu ọha, igbu agbụrụ na mpụ megide mmadụ. A mara Hassan Ngeze ikpe ndụ ya niile, a mara Jean Bosco Barayagwiza ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ 35. N'agbanyeghị mmetụta ikpe ahụ nwere ike inwe na nnwere onwe nke ndị nta akụkọ, ndị nta akụkọ na-enweghị ókèala nabatara nsonaazụ ikpe ahụ.[4]
Nahimana, onye guzobere Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) ka a mara ikpe maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi ọrụ na redio malite na 6 Eprel 1994, ụbọchị ọ na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ ọ bụla, dị ka onye ọka iwu French ya Jean-Marie Biju-Duval si kwuo.
A mara onye Rwandan na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ikpe maka na o meghị ihe ọ bụla iji kwụsị ihe na-akpali akpali nke mmemme redio RTLM mgbe 6 Eprel 1994 gasịrị, ebe ọ nwere, dịka ikpe ahụ si dị, ikike na ndị ọrụ redio ahụ.
Ferdinand Nahimana tinyere akwụkwọ mkpegharị ikpe maka ikpe ya, ikpe ahụ meghere n'ihu ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị na 16 Jenụwarị 2007. N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2007, ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe belatara oge mkpọrọ ya ruo afọ iri atọ. Ụlọikpe mkpegharị ikpe tụgharịrị ụfọdụ n'ime ikpe ya, ọkachasị ndị metụtara ihe omume ndị mere tupu afọ 1994. Ụlọikpe mkpegharị ikpe tụgharịrị nkwubi okwu mbụ ahụ na e nwere nkwekọrịta n'etiti RTLM, CDR, na Kangura iji nyere aka n'ime mgbukpọ agbụrụ. Ya mere, ọ gbanwere ebubo ndị a na-ebo Nahimana n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 6 (1) nke Iwu ahụ, mana ọ kwadoro ndị dị n'okpuru nkeji edemede nke 6 (3) - ya bụ, ndị nke "kpaliri ozugbo na n'ihu ọha ka ha mee mkpagbu dị ka mpụ megide mmadụ" site na mgbasa ozi RTLM mgbe 6 Eprel 1994 gasịrị.[1] Dị ka JusticeInfo.net si kwuo:. Ulo ikpe kpere Nahimana ikpe maka ejighị ikikere de facto ya gafere ndị ọrụ RTLM iji kwụsị mgbasa mmemme na akwalite mkpọmasị Tutsis mgbe nkwada Hutu onye isi ala Juvenal Habyarimana na aprel 6,1994. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008, e si Arusha nke Tanzania bufee ya na Mali.[1] N'afọ 2016, a tọhapụrụ ya.
Arụmụka banyere nkwenye
dezieAkwụkwọ 2010 nke onye nta akụkọ na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Hervé Deguine dere na-ekwu na ebumnuche ndị e kpọtụrụ aha na ikpe Nahimana dabeere na obere ihe akaebe ma e wezụga na ọ tọrọ ntọala ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ redio ahụ, na-ekpughe arụmụka na ihe akaebe na-adịghị mma megide ikpe ya. Ọ bụ ezie na Deguine n'onwe ya nyere aka n'ikpe Nahimana ikpe, ọ mechiri akwụkwọ ya site n'ikwu na dabere na ihe akaebe ikpe, a ga-ahapụ Nahimana.
Akwụkwọ
dezie- 2007: Rwanda: les virages ratés, Éditions Sources du Nil, France.
- 1995: Rwanda. Ndị isi ndị Hutu a na-ebo ebubo, Cameroon
- 1993: Rwanda: mmalite nke otu steeti, Harmattan, Paris.
- 1988: Akọnuche anyị, ntụkwasị obi anyị. Ọdịbendị anyị bụ ntọala nke mmepe anyị n'otu, I.N.R, Rwanda.
- 1987: Onye ọcha abịala, Eze apụọla. Otu akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Rwanda nke oge a, 1884-1931, Rwanda.
Edensibịa
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 FERDINAND NAHIMANA. Trial International (2016-02-05). Archived from the original on 2019-10-09. Retrieved on 2024-08-21.
- ↑ Hate Radio: Rwanda from Radio Netherlands. University of Leeds (5 September 2003). Archived from the original on 8 February 2012.
- ↑ Hateful words a war crime. The Washington Times (2003-12-04).
- ↑ Two sentenced to life imprisonment in hate media trial. Reporters Without Borders (2003-12-03). Archived from the original on 2007-09-30.
Edensibịa
dezie- Deguine (2010). Un idéologue dans le génocide rwandais, 1st, Paris: Mille et une nuits.
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke Ferdinand Nahimana E debere Wayback Machine
- Akụkọ akụkọ sitere na ikpe ahụ, site na Fondation Hirondelle
Templeeti:Radio Télévision Libre des Mille CollinesRadio Television libre des mille
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