Fannie Criss
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Fannie |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1866 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Cumberland County |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 2 Febụwarị 1942 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | New York City |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | dressmaker |
Fannie Criss (October 15, 1867 - Febrụwarị 2, 1942), amụrụ na Cumberland County, Virginia, bụ ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na narị afọ nke 20 onye mmebe America-Afrika bụ onye ọkachamara na uwe eji aka mee na uwe mwụda maka ndị ama ama na Richmond. Virginia na New York City, New York . [1] Criss bụ nwa nwere onwe nke nne na nna ya bụbu ohu, Samuel na Adeline Christ. [1]
Ndụ mbido
dezieA mụrụ Fannie Criss na 1866 na Cumberland County, Virginia, nye Samuel na Adeline Criss, ndị bụbu ndị ohu. [2] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ asaa di na nwunye ahụ na nwa mbụ ha mụrụ mgbe ha nwetasịrị nnwere onwe. [3] [2] Ezinụlọ ahụ mechara kwaga Richmond ebe Criss depụtara onwe ya dị ka onye na-eme uwe na ngalaba azụmahịa nkewa nke akwụkwọ ndekọ aha obodo; N'ime ụmụ nwanyị 132 e depụtara dị ka ndị na-akwa akwa na 1902, 112 bụ ndị ọcha na 20 bụ ndị ojii. [3] [4]
Ọrụ
dezieCriss mụtara nkà nke ime uwe n'aka nne ya ma mesịa nyefee nkà ya site n'inye mmemme na mpaghara Richmond maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto ịzụlite nkà ịkwa akwa. [2] Ọ malitere dị ka onye na-akwa akwa nke na-aga ụlọ n'ụlọ, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị mere. [5] Criss ghọrọ onye nrụpụta obodo kacha ewu ewu na mbido 1900s, na-ana ihe ruru $200 maka ọmarịcha uwe ya ejiri aka mee. [3] [2] [6]
Site n'enyemaka nke onye nlekọta ụlọ ya na ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, Criss haziri uwe maka ndị ọcha na Richmond. [7] Ndị na-azụ ya na-akwanyere Criss ùgwù nke ọma ma bụrụkwa ndị a ma ama maka uwe agbamakwụkwọ ya mara mma nke ọma. [3] Ndepụta ndị ahịa Criss bụ ndị ezinaụlọ New York a kacha akwanyere ugwu. [8] Uwe nke ụbọchị nke abụọ, nke Criss mere na 1896 ma na-eyi n'agbamakwụkwọ nke Richmond High Society nke Miss Ellen Clark nye Mr. Gordon Wallace, nyere onyinye na Valentine Museum na Richmond, nke nwere nchịkọta nke abụọ kasị ukwuu nke oge ejiji na United States. . [3] [7]
N'oge ịrị elu nke Criss, ọ nakweere aha ọkachamara 'modiste', bụ nke guzobe ma gbasie ya ike dị ka onye ọrụ okike nke America America, n'oge nke iwu nyere ihe mgbochi maka azụmahịa ndị ojii na-aga n'ihu. [8]
A na-egosipụta uwe ajị anụ akụkụ abụọ nke Criss na ihe ngosi "Pretty Powerful: Fashion and Virginia Women" na Richmond, Virginia, site na Mee 2018 ruo Jenụwarị 2019. [5]
Ndị ahịa ama ama
dezieMaggie L. Walker, onye mbụ nwa nwanyị ojii guzobere ụlọ akụ na onye isi oche nke St. Luke's Penny Thrift Saving Bank, bụ onye agbata obi na West Leigh Street na Richmond wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ahịa bara ọgaranya nke Criss. [2] Na-abụghị ọkachamara mmekọrịta ndị ahịa, Walker n'ihu ọha na-akwado ọrụ Criss ma kwupụta n'ihu ọha enweghị nkwado ọha n'etiti ndị ọchụnta ego ojii n'oge ahụ. [1]
Gloria Swanson, onye bụbu onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha akwụ ụgwọ na Hollywood, bụ otu n'ime ndị ahịa ya a ma ama. [2]
Criss bụ ndị agbata obi ya na Sara Breedlove Walker, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Madam CJ Walker, onye ya na ya nwekwara ezigbo enyi. [2] Criss mekwara uwe maka ada Walker A'Lelia Bundles . [3] [2]
Ndụ onwe onye
dezieCriss lụrụ William Thornton Payne na 1895 wee zụta ụlọ na West Leigh Street, nke dị na mpaghara bara ọgaranya na Richmond. Criss si ebe a na-azụ ahịa iji ejiji ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-emekarị njem gaa ebe ejiji nke New York iji nweta ihe ndị okomoko na ụkpụrụ nke oge a. [2] [8] Dika onu ogugu ndi mmadu nke 1900 na 1920 si kwuo, a na-etinye Criss na Payne na 1012 West Leigh Street na 106 East Leigh Street, n'otu n'otu. Nke a dị mkpa iburu n'uche n'ihi na ụlọ ndị e wuru n'okporo ámá a bụ ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ndị isi ojii na-ewere ya dị ka ihe siri ike. [1]
Alụmdi na nwunye Criss na Payne adịteghị aka ma mesịa lụọ William White na di na nwunye ahụ kwagara New York City gburugburu 1918, na-enweta ụlọ ụlọ brownstone na mpaghara Harlem na 219 West 137th Street. [9]
Criss gara n'ihu na-azụ ahịa ime uwe ya site na ebe a, nke na-eme nke ọma ka ọ malitere imebe maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii bara ọgaranya, kpakpando Broadway na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. [9] Àgwà ọma nke Criss na mmụọ nweere onwe ya mere ụlọ ya na New York "nke jupụtara na arịa ụlọ mara mma na ọtụtụ ọlaọcha na ihe mara mma" ebe nchekwa maka ndị isi ojii kacha emetụta obodo ahụ. [3] [2]
Fannie Criss nwụrụ na February 2, 1942, mgbe ọ dị afọ 76 na New York. [4]
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Stewart, K. E. (2021). Dressing Up: The Rise of Fannie Criss. In E. Way (Ed.), Black Designers in American fashion. essay, Bloomsbury Visual Arts.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Reed-Miller (2006). Threads of Time, The Fabric of History: Profiles of African American Dressmakers and Designers 1850 to the Present. Washington D. C.: T & S Press. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Reed-Miller-2006" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedKennedy Benson-2017 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Williams (1982). "Turn of the century dressmaker". Richmond Literature and History Quarterly 4: 46–48. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Williams-1982" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lee. "Pretty Powerful: The History of Richmond Women in Fashion", RVA, May 10, 2018. Retrieved on February 16, 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Lee-2018" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Farrington (2005). Creating Their Own Image: The History of African-American Women Artists. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516721-4.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Perkins (1995). "Their place in history: African Americans behind the scenes in American theatre". Theatre Design and Technology Journal 31 (3): 27–35.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Way, Elizabeth, editor. Black Designers in American Fashion. First editionBloomsbury Visual Arts, 2021.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 (2006) in Jessie Carney Smith: Encyclopedia of African American Business. Greenwood Publishing Group. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Greenwood Publishing Group-2006" defined multiple times with different content